61 children with the deep burn (male: 40; female: 21), avarage ages of 6.3 the avarage burn area: 33%; the avarage deep burn area: 21% were admitted after 10 days of burn participated to a study. The results have shown that the highest rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa reported, there were no change of microorganism in the burn area before and after the necrosis removal. The density of microbial per one gram of the necrosis tissues after the necrosis removal reduced in significantly. There was a linear relation between the density of microbial in the burn tissues, the clinical infective symptoms and the rate of the septicemia in the deep burn. The technique of the method of the quantitative analysis of microbials/one gram tissue had a high confidence.
burns ; surgery ; Necrosis

This paper reflects briefly the main advancements of clinical and scientific research in the field of burn surgery over the past 50 years in China. It includes emergency care of massive burns, resuscitation, anti-infection, prevention and treatment of internal organ injury, metabolic and nutritional support, repair of wound and rehabilitation, and special types of burns. The article also covers the researches in pathology, microbiology, immunology, cell biology, molecular biology, and tissue engineering pertaining to burn injury.
Burns ; surgery ; China ; Humans

16 patients were benefited by a plastic surgery for burn scars on the zone of breast. 56% of these patients acquired the burn on the zone of breast before their puberty. 62% of subjects with the wounds on breast were interened by various techniques of plastic surgery in the period of completed development of the mamonary glands. The most indicated (64%) ones were classic techniques such as Z shape plastic surgery, skin thick autograph, localflap. Skin thick autograph can be used mainly in the cases of plastic surgery under the breast plica (28%). The techniques of tissue dilation is used only 16% of cases, the skin largy flap is used in 2 patients with the burn scars of skin and of mamonary glands. In each patients, 1 to 4 various techniques can be used according to the age and the form of injury
Burns ; Breast ; Surgery, Plastic ; surgery

Burns ; Periodicals as Topic ; Surgery, Plastic

Burn patients often have severe disfigurement, dysfunction, and psychological disorder after discharge, which may last for a long time, even for a whole life. These problems may prevent patients from returning to normal life and re-entering society. Because of demographic and socioeconomic reasons, the number of burn patients in China is huge. The rising cure rate further increases the number of patients that need rehabilitation treatment. However, the level of burn rehabilitation in China is relatively low as compared with that in the developed countries. Along with the social and economical development, it is no longer satisfied to just save the life of patient. Improving the quality of wound healing, avoiding or decreasing disfigurement, dysfunction, and psychological disorder, and finally helping patients re-enter society is the ultimate goal of burn treatment. Modern concept of rehabilitation is to restore health or normal life for patients by medical, psychosocial, educational and occupational methods. Although increasing attention has been paid to burn rehabilitation in China recently, so far it is mainly focused on the fields of improving patients' appearance and body function, whereas the importance of psychosocial, educational, occupational, and social rehabilitation has still not been realized. Some fields of burn rehabilitation have not been well established and many are not carried out by professionals. The model of multidisciplinary team in burn centers of developed countries including surgeons and nurses, as well as allied professionals such as psychologists, physical and occupational therapists, dietitians, anesthesiologists and social workers has seldom been introduced into China. In most burn centers in China, psychological support is mainly given by nurses in their spare time of nursing. Burn treatment used to be divided into the early stage of life saving and wound repair, and the late stage of rehabilitation. It has not been realized until recent years that rehabilitation measurements should be carried out through the whole process of burn treatment. Organizations of burn survivors and summer camps for burnt children proved to be helpful for the patients' self-confidence and community integration have hardly been established in China. Lack of funding is one of the main reasons for the lagging behind in burn rehabilitation in China. According the experiences of other countries, raising money from donation through burn foundation may be a useful way to support burn rehabilitation. Solving the above problems and improving the burn rehabilitation will be a new challenge to burn surgery in China.
Burns ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; China ; Humans

The study was conducted with 14 burn patients aged from 6-43 years, who underwent a cut off necrosis and a graft of skin immediately 72 hours after the burning accident, and with 11 patients aged from 12-42 years without these interventions untill the 7th days after accident. An increase of TNF level and IL-6 level were found in the blood of deep burn patients within 7 days after accident. Necrosis cutting off and skin graft in the first 72 hours after the accident decreased TNF and IL-6 blood level in deep burn patients within 5th and 7th day after the accident.
Burns ; Blood ; Necrosis ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgery ; Therapeutics

Artificial skin Integra - a biological membrane that could restore derma, is new material in treating burn wound and in many other specialties such as plastic surgery, orthopedics, and pediatrics. Integra was commonly used in cases deep burn on head and neck, hands. It speeds up formation new derma layers at implanted areas and the successful rate was high (95%), gives good results in functional and aesthetic aspects
Skin, Artificial ; Surgery, Plastic ; Burns ; Therapeutics

Translational medicine is an emerging arena in the 21st century, and it bridges research results of basic sciences to clinical applications. The importance of translational research attracted considerable concern of scientists worldwide, including clinicians and researchers in the field of burn surgery in China. This review highlights some key points on translational medicine practised in the basic and clinical research of burn surgery, and they are summarized here as: the motive of the research project should be focused on how to solve problems of patients; much attention should be drawn to the difference between the cell biology and biochemical reaction in vitro and that in vivo; an animal model which simulates human pathology as much as possible should be reproduced; collaboration and sharing of resources among different disciplines should be strengthened; national and standardized criteria should be established for evaluation of the experimental result and guiding for clinical application. The aforementioned suggestions would be helpful for the application of new medicine and therapeutic approach in treating severe burn.
Burns ; surgery ; Humans ; Translational Medical Research

Since microskin grafting was used in 1985, 23 years have passed. Many patients with extensive third degree burns were cured by the technique. Some progresses and further improvements are discussed. (1) Several kinds of apparatus were devised to cut skin into micrografts with good results. (2) The orientation of each skin granule and even dispersion of micrografts are very important. Some methods to spread micrografts on wound were compared with one another, the technique of flotation in saline and transferring them on silk texture is still the best way. (3) Many outside materials other than silk can be selected, among them the homograft is commonly used, but it has some shortcomings. (4) The technique should be further improved. Stem cell transplantation may be expected as a new way to help heal extensive wounds.
Burns ; surgery ; Humans ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; trends

Innovation and translation application are important topics that have been discussed repeatedly in national community of science and technology in recent years. We do a systemic review about the research and development history of growth factors, their application in trauma and burn management in China, and the conception and experience about the establishment of "Chinese way" for trauma and burn management in the process of constructing a disciplinary system for wound treatment with Chinese characteristics. It is our hope that these precious experiences will provide references and inspiration to our peers, especially the young generation in their research.
Burns/therapy* ; China ; Humans ; Surgery, Plastic