Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Burns ; pathology ; Burns, Chemical ; pathology ; Chemical Warfare ; China ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; Radiation Injuries ; pathology ; Wounds, Gunshot ; pathology

Adult ; Burns, Chemical ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Skin ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) during the repair process after alkali burn injury to cornea in mice.

METHODSForty mice were employed in the study. The murine corneal alkali burn model was reproduced (n = 35) as experimental group (E), and the mice were randomly divided into control (C, n = 5) and experimental (E, n = 35) groups. The mice in E group were again divided into 7 sub-groups according to different time points [3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 postburn hours (PBHs)] with 5 mice in each sub-group. HE staining, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and RT-PCR were employed to observe the expression of TSP2 in the corneal tissue of mice in both control and all animals in experimental sub-groups at all above mentioned time points (PBHs).

RESULTSTSP2 was expressed in corneal tissue in both C and E groups, especially in the basal layer of epithelial layer, and also a weak expression in substantia propria layer. Compared with that in C group (0.48 +/- 0.15), the expression of TSP2 in E group enhanced at 3 PBH, peaked at 6 PBH, (1.54 +/- 0.45, P < 0.05), dropped to the nadir at 24 PBH (0.73 +/- 0.19), and bounded back afterwards. It peaked again at 96 PBH (1.79 +/- 0.63, P < 0.05), then decreased thereafter, and approached the control level at 192 PBH (P > 0.05). There was remarkable angiogenesis in the cornea at 24 PBH in the mice in E group.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of TSP2 exhibits fluctuating changes along with the course of repair. This might be related to the compensatory process under stress condition.

Animals ; Burns, Chemical ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cornea ; metabolism ; Corneal Injuries ; Eye Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Thrombospondins ; biosynthesis ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: This study investigated interleukin (IL)-17-secreting cell involvement in sterile inflammation, and evaluated the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on IL-17-secreting cell immunologic profiling. METHODS: Twenty mice were sacrificed at time points of 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 3 weeks (each group, n = 5) after the cornea was chemically injured with 0.5N NaOH; IL-17 changes in the cornea were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, IL-17 secreting cells were assessed in the cervical lymph nodes by a flow cytometer. Rat MSCs were applied intraperitoneally in a burn model (n = 10), IL-17-secreting T helper 17 (Th17) cell and non-Th17 cell changes were checked using a flow cytometer in both cornea and cervical lymph nodes at 1week, and compared with those in the positive control (n = 10). RESULTS: IL-17 was highest in the cornea at 1 week, while, in the cervical lymph nodes, IL-17-secreting cells showed early increase at 6 hours, and maintained the increase through 1 day to 1 week, and levels returned to the basal level at 3 weeks. Specifically, the non-Th17 cells secreted IL-17 earlier than the Th17 cells. When the MSCs were applied, IL-17 secretion was reduced in CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-), CD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(-), and CD3(+) CD4(-)CD8(+) cells of the cervical lymph nodes by 53.7%, 43.8%, and 50.8%, respectively. However, in the cornea, IL-17 secretion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells was completely blocked. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that both IL-17-secreting non-Th17 and Th17 cells were involved in the chemical burn model, and MSCs appeared to mainly modulate non-Th17 cells and also partially suppress the Th17 cells.
Animals ; Burns, Chemical/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eye Burns/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; *Immunity, Cellular ; Interleukin-17/*secretion ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/immunology/pathology/*secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

The Korean list of occupational skin diseases was amended in July 2013. The past list was constructed according to the causative agent and the target organ, and the items of that list had not been reviewed for a long period. The revised list was reconstructed to include diseases classified by the International Classification of Diseases (10th version). Therefore, the items of compensable occupational skin diseases in the amended list in Korea comprise contact dermatitis; chemical burns; Stevens-Johnson syndrome; tar-related skin diseases; infectious skin diseases; skin injury-induced cellulitis; and skin conditions resulting from physical factors such as heat, cold, sun exposure, and ionized radiation. This list will be more practical and convenient for physicians and workers because it follows a disease-based approach. The revised list is in accordance with the International Labor Organization list and is refined according to Korean worker's compensation and the actual occurrence of occupational skin diseases. However, this revised list does not perfectly reflect the actual status of skin diseases because of the few cases of occupational skin diseases, incomplete statistics of skin diseases, and insufficient scientific evidence. Thus, the list of occupational diseases should be modified periodically on the basis of recent evidence and statistics.
Burns, Chemical/pathology ; Dermatitis, Contact/pathology ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases/*economics ; Occupational Exposure ; Republic of Korea ; Skin/*pathology ; Skin Diseases/*economics/*pathology ; Skin Diseases, Infectious/pathology ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/pathology ; Vitiligo/pathology ; Workers' Compensation/*economics

Adult ; Amides ; adverse effects ; Benzene ; adverse effects ; Burns, Chemical ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitro Compounds ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

The effect of topically applied 1% sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA) on the healing of a standardized corneal alkali wound was studied. The healing of the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium was evaluated separately, using quantitative methods. Central corneal alkali wound was produced in one eye of the rabbits by applying a 5.5-mm round filter paper, soaked in 1 N NaOH, for 60 seconds. 1% Na-HA in the treatment group and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the control group were given topically 4 times per day for 2 days, 1- and 3-weeks. Epithelial and endothelial healing was assessed morphometrically from standardized photographs and micrographs, respectively. Stromal healing was determined by counting polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and keratocytes in the central and marginal wound areas. A positive healing influence was observed in the epithelium. In stromal healing, 1% Na-HA treated corneas showed less PMNs and more keratocytes than the control group, suggesting that topically applied 1% Na-HA may suppress the stromal PMN infiltration and enhance the keratocyte repopulation during corneal alkali wound healing. However, no significant difference was found in morphometric evaluation of endothelial healing between the two groups.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Burns, Chemical/*drug therapy/etiology/pathology ; Cell Count ; Cornea/*drug effects/pathology ; Corneal Stroma/drug effects/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/drug effects/pathology ; Epithelium/drug effects/pathology ; Eye Burns/chemically induced/*drug therapy/pathology ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Rabbits ; Sodium Hydroxide/toxicity ; Wound Healing/*drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in treatment of corneal alkali burn injury in mice.

METHODSCorneal alkali burn injury was induced by sodium hydroxide method in C57BL/6J mice. The mice with cornea burns were treated intraperitoneally with EGCG solution or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) respectively. The healing of corneal epithelium, the formation of corneal neovascularization (CNV) and the inflammation reaction were assessed by slit -lamp microscopy and histological examination. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in cornea was evaluated by real -time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay was used to quantitatively evaluate the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infiltration in the corneas.

RESULTSThe healing rate of corneal epithelium in EGCG group was significantly higher than that of PBS group at d1, d3 and d7 after treatment (d1: 41.0%±13.0% vs 23.8%±7.6%; d3: 76.6%±7.5% vs 61.2%±6.8%; d7: 87.8%±8.5% vs 74.0%±9.1%; all P <0.05). The CNV scores and the number of CNV in the corneal sections of EGCG group were significantly lower than those of PBS group at d3, d7 and d14 after treatment (CNV score: d3: 1.1±0.5 vs 6.6±1.0; d7: 1.3±0. 3 vs 8.1±1.0; d14: 0.9±0.2 vs 9.2±1.1; CNV number: d3: 1.68±0.61 vs 2.92±0.95; d7: 4.80±1.36 vs 7.92±1.28; d14: 3.64±0.71 vs 5.88±0.76; all P<0.05) . The expression of VEGF protein at d3 (0.19±0.05 vs 0.45±0.08) and d7 (0.42±0.07 vs 0.84±0.09), the expression of VEGF mRNA at d1, d3 and d7 in EGCG group were significantly lower than those in PBS group (all P <0.05). Compared to PBS group, the inflammatory index at d3 (3.2±0.4 vs 3.7±0.5) and d7 (2.3±0.5 vs 4.0±0.0), the number of PMNs in the corneal sections and the MPO values at d3, d7 and d14 in EGCG group were significantly decreased (PMNs: d3: 34.5±15.7 vs 90.0±28.8; d7: 17.1±11.4 vs 54.9±25.9; d14: 12. 8±4.6 vs 39.0±17.9; all P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the murine corneal alkali burn model, intraperitoneal injection of EGCG solution can promote the healing of corneal epithelium, inhibit the formation of CNV and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration in the corneas.

Alkalies ; Animals ; Burns, Chemical ; drug therapy ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Cornea ; drug effects ; pathology ; Corneal Neovascularization ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Eye Burns ; drug therapy ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the development of liver damage and reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during the treatment of extremely severe burn injury in HBsAg positive patients, in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of liver damage in patients with HBV infection after extremely severe burn.

METHODSMedical records of 54 HBsAg positive patients after extremely severe burn injury admitted from January 2004 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Development of liver damage and HBV reactivation of these patients during the treatment were analyzed according to the classification of their gender, results of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA examinations on admission, and development of sepsis in the process of treatment. Data were processed with chi-square test.

RESULTS(1) The incidence of liver damage in the process of treatment of these patients was 85.2% (46/54). Among all the patients, the proportion of liver damage was 35/38 in male, which was significantly higher than that in female (11/16, χ² = 4.867, P<0.05). Liver damage was found in all of 26 patients who were HBeAg positive on admission, 34 patients who were HBV DNA positive on admission, and 36 patients who developed sepsis in the process of treatment; the proportions were significantly higher than those in patients who were HBeAg negative on admission (20/28), patients who were HBV DNA negative on admission (12/20), and patients who did not develop sepsis in the process of treatment (10/18), with χ² values respectively 11.801, 18.384, and 20.574, P values below 0.01. (2) The incidence of HBV reactivation in these patients was 29.6% (16/54). Among all the patients, the proportion of HBV reactivation was 13/38 in male and 3/16 in female, with no statistically significant difference between them (χ² = 0.656, P>0.05). The proportions of HBV reactivation in patients who were HBeAg positive on admission, patients who were HBV DNA positive on admission, and patients who developed sepsis in the process of treatment were respectively 13/26, 16/34, and 15/36, and they were significantly higher than those in patients who were HBeAg negative on admission (3/28), patients who were HBV DNA negative on admission (0/20), and patients who did not develop sepsis in the process of treatment (1/18), with χ² values respectively 9.979, 18.615, and 5.873, P<0.05 or P<0.01.

CONCLUSIONSPatients who are HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive, HBV DNA positive on admission, and develop sepsis in the process of treatment of extremely severe burn injury are more likely to develop liver damage and HBV reactivation. It is necessary to dynamically monitor the changes in HBV DNA and liver function, in order to identity the reactivation of virus.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Burns ; complications ; drug therapy ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies