PURPOSE: To compare pain scores of patients during intravitreal 27-gauge bevacizumab and 30-gauge ranibizumab injection procedures. METHODS: Seventy eyes of 70 patients who had not previously undergone intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy were included in this study. Thirty-five patients received ranibizumab and 35 patients received bevacizumab. The diagnoses of the patients were: 27 age related macular degeneration, 15 diabetic macular edema, 9 diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, 6 central retinal vein occlusion, 11 branch retinal vein occlusion and 2 central serous chorioretinopathy. Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was injected into the vitreous cavity using a 27-gauge needle, and ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) was injected with 30-gauge needle. Patients were asked just after the injection to rate their perceived pain during the injection using the visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable/worst pain). The average of these scores was used as the primary outcome. RESULTS: The VAS pain scores in the ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups were 1.06 +/- 0.91 (range, 0 to 3) and 1.94 +/- 1.55 (range, 0 to 7), respectively, a significant difference (p = 0.005). Patients <65 and > or =65 years of age in both the ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups were then compared. For patients <65, there was a significant difference in the average VAS pain scores between groups (p = 0.003). However, for patients > or =65 years, there was not a significant difference in the average VAS pain scores between groups (p = 0.238). Female and male patients in both ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups were also compared. For female patients, there was a significant difference in the average VAS pain scores between groups (p = 0.016), although not for male patients (p = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-gauge intravitreal injection is more comfortable than 27-gauge injection. Injection of bevacizumab with 30-gauge needle syringes may be more tolerable for patients.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab/*administration & dosage ; Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Degeneration/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Macular Edema/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Ranibizumab/*administration & dosage ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/drug therapy/physiopathology

PURPOSE: To compare pain scores of patients during intravitreal 27-gauge bevacizumab and 30-gauge ranibizumab injection procedures. METHODS: Seventy eyes of 70 patients who had not previously undergone intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy were included in this study. Thirty-five patients received ranibizumab and 35 patients received bevacizumab. The diagnoses of the patients were: 27 age related macular degeneration, 15 diabetic macular edema, 9 diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, 6 central retinal vein occlusion, 11 branch retinal vein occlusion and 2 central serous chorioretinopathy. Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was injected into the vitreous cavity using a 27-gauge needle, and ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) was injected with 30-gauge needle. Patients were asked just after the injection to rate their perceived pain during the injection using the visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable/worst pain). The average of these scores was used as the primary outcome. RESULTS: The VAS pain scores in the ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups were 1.06 +/- 0.91 (range, 0 to 3) and 1.94 +/- 1.55 (range, 0 to 7), respectively, a significant difference (p = 0.005). Patients <65 and > or =65 years of age in both the ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups were then compared. For patients <65, there was a significant difference in the average VAS pain scores between groups (p = 0.003). However, for patients > or =65 years, there was not a significant difference in the average VAS pain scores between groups (p = 0.238). Female and male patients in both ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups were also compared. For female patients, there was a significant difference in the average VAS pain scores between groups (p = 0.016), although not for male patients (p = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-gauge intravitreal injection is more comfortable than 27-gauge injection. Injection of bevacizumab with 30-gauge needle syringes may be more tolerable for patients.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab/*administration & dosage ; Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Degeneration/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Macular Edema/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Ranibizumab/*administration & dosage ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/drug therapy/physiopathology

BACKGROUNDStudies have reported the presence of sleep disorders in approximately 50-70% of diabetic patients, and these may contribute to poor glycemic control, diabetic neuropathy, and overnight hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sleep disorders in diabetic patients, and to investigate possible relationships between scores of these sleep disorders and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and diabetic parameters (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and lipid levels).

METHODSWe used the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) for OSAS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to determine the frequency of sleep disorders and their possible relationships with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels.

RESULTSThe study included 585 type 2 diabetic patients admitted to family medicine clinics between October and December 2014. Sleep, sleep quality, and sleep scores were used as the dependent variables in the analysis. The ESS scores showed that 54.40% of patients experienced excessive daytime sleepiness, and according to the PSQI, 64.30% experienced poor-quality sleep. The BQ results indicated that 50.20% of patients were at high-risk of OSAS. HbA1c levels correlated significantly with the ESS and PSQI results (r = 0.23, P < 0.001 and r = 0.14, P = 0.001, respectively), and were significantly higher in those with high-risk of OSAS as defined by the BQ (P < 0.001). These results showed that HbA1c levels were related to sleep disorders.

CONCLUSIONSSleep disorders are common in diabetic patients and negatively affect the control of diabetes. Conversely, poor diabetes control is an important factor disturbing sleep quality. Addressing sleep disturbances in patients who have difficulty controlling their blood glucose has dual benefits: Preventing diabetic complications caused by sleep disturbance and improving diabetes control.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; complications ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; blood ; complications

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness (CCT), horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), pupil diameter (PD), and intraocular pressure (IOP) after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: A total of 132 eyes of 132 patients (87 men and 45 women) that underwent uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation were prospectively studied. The mean age of the patients was 63.68 ± 12.51 years. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively with the Sirius 3D Rotating Scheimpflug camera topography system. The ACD, CV, ACA, ACV, CCT, HVID, and PD measurements were recorded. IOP was measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer, which was corrected for CCT of the Sirius device using Ehlers' formula. RESULTS: The preoperative mean ACD, ACV, ACA, CCT, CV, PD, HVID, and IOP were 2.79 ± 0.45 mm, 124.73 ± 25.72 mm³, 42.09 ± 7.49⁰, 523.87 ± 41.97 microns, 55.37 ± 4.89 mm³, 3.98 ± 1.23 mm, 11.72 ± 0.67 mm, and 14.74 ± 2.59 mmHg, respectively. Three months postoperatively, the mean ACD, ACV, ACA, CCT, CV, PD, HVID, and IOP were 3.45 ± 0.6 mm, 162.52 ± 23.79 mm³, 51.46 ± 5.63⁰, 526.21 ± 44.45 microns, 56.23 ± 5.12 mm³, 2.87 ± 0.45 mm, 11.91 ± 0.75 mm, and 12.02 ± 1.83 mmHg, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in mean postoperative ACD, ACV, ACA, CV, and HVID compared with the corresponding preoperative values (p < 0.05). CCT remained stable after surgery. Postoperative PD and IOP were significantly decreased compared to corresponding preoperative values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative measurements by the Sirius 3D Rotating Scheimpflug camera topography system might help surgeons to predict postoperative changes resulting from phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. This is a noncontact, noninvasive, and comfortable system for patients that is highly reliable and repeatable for anterior segment measurements.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Eye Segment/*diagnostic imaging/surgery ; Cornea/*pathology/surgery ; Corneal Topography/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification/*methods ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The recently discovered myokine irisin has a proposed role in adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum irisin level and the coronary artery severity in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients who underwent coronary angiography (CA) diagnosed with stable CAD and twenty-six patients with normal coronary artery (NCA) were enrolled in the study. Stable CAD patients were divided into two groups as high synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score (≥23) and lower SYNTAX score (<23). Serum irisin level measurement was carried out using human irisin colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit (AG-45A-0046EK-KI01, Adipogen, San Diego, CA, USA) as recommended by the manufacturer's protocol. RESULTS: The patients with stable CAD with a higher SYNTAX score (score ≥23) had significantly lower serum irisin levels (127.91±55.38 ng/mL), as compared the patients with a low SYNTAX score (score <23) (224.69±92.99 ng/mL) and control group (299.54±123.20 ng/mL). Irisin levels showed significant differences between all groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum irisin level is an independent predictor of coronary artery severity in patients with stable CAD.
Adipose Tissue ; Angina, Stable* ; Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Taxus ; Thoracic Surgery