A realtime system used for acquisition and analysis of ECG based on LabVIEW is presented in this paper.This realtime system can accomplish the functions such as the acquisition and display of ECG and the calculation of Instantaneous Heart Rate(IHR)and the Average Heart Rate(AHR).The system can be implemented easily.In addition,the user can modify and add functions of the system according to his needs conveniently.

Biomedical signal analysis often needs to separate the trend component from the non-trend component to achieve different purposes and applications in signal analysis. This article introduces three kinds of detrending nonlinear component methods used in the process of biomedical signal analysis: wavelet analysis, empirical mode decomposition, smoothness priors approach as well as the application in the separation of the actual biomedical data. The different separation methods should be selected according to different research goals as well as the feature of the signal.
Algorithms ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

To investigate the effect of stepwise paced breathing (PB) on pulse transit time (PTT), we collected physiological signals of electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration and arterial pulse wave during a procedure of stepwise PB, which consists of 6 different breathing rates changing in a protocol of 14.0-12.5-11.0-9.5-8.0-7.0 breath per minute (BPM), with each breathing rate lasting 3 minutes. Twenty two healthy adults involved in this experiment and the change of PTT was analyzed during the stepwise PB procedure. In our study, the PTT was measured by calculating the time interval from the R-spike of the ECG to the peaks of the second derivative of the arterial pulse wave. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was applied to PTT to decompose the signal into different intrinsic mode function, and respiratory oscillation and trend component (baseline) in PTT were further extracted. It was found that the respiratory oscillations in the PTT increased with decreasing of the PB rate, and many of the subjects (14 out of 22) showed the phenomena of PTT baseline increasing during the stepwise PB procedure. The results indicated that the stepwise PB procedure induced a high level of cardiovascular oscillation and produced an accumulative effect of PTT baseline increase. As PTT is capable of predicting changes in BP over a short period of time, increase of PTT baseline indicates the decrease of blood pressure. The experiments showed that the stepwise PB procedure could reduce blood pressure for most subjects. For future work, it is necessary to develop certain indices differentiating the effectiveness of the stepwise PB procedure on the PTT baseline change, and to test the effectiveness of this stepwise PB procedure on blood pressure reduction for patients with essential hypertension.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Electrocardiography ; Essential Hypertension ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis technology based on an autoregressive (AR) model is widely used in the assessment of autonomic nervous system function. The order of AR models has important influence on the accuracy of HRV analysis. This article presents a method to determine the optimum order of AR models. After acquiring the ECG signal of 46 healthy adults in their natural breathing state and extracting the beat-to-beat intervals (RRI) in the ECG, we used two criteria, i. e. final prediction error (FPE) criterion to estimate the optimum model order for AR models, and prediction error whiteness test to decide the reliability of the model. We compared the frequency domain parameters including total power, power in high frequency (HF), power in low frequency (LF), LF power in normalized units and ratio of LF/HF of our HRV analysis to the results of Kubios-HRV. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the five parameters between our methods and Kubios-HRV were greater than 0.95, and the Bland-Altman plot of the parameters was in the consistent band. The results indicate that the optimization algorithm of HRV analysis based on AR models proposed in this paper can obtain accurate results, and the results of this algorithm has good coherence with those of the Kubios-HRV software in HRV analysis.
Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software

In comparison with the measurement of heart rate variability from ECG and from photoplethysmographic signal from 46 healthy adults in their spontaneous breathing state. The beat-to-beat intervals in ECG and pulse-to-pulse intervals in photoplethysmographic signal are extracted, and then the parameters of heart rate variability are calculated. Three kinds of algorithms are chosen to get the pulse-to-pulse intervals, which are the intervals of maximum of second derivative, the maximum of PPG signal and the tangent intersection. The results show that the correlation coefficients of the HRV parameters in the two calculation methods are highly correlated. The Bland-Altman scattered plots show the relative bias results from the algorithm of the maximum of PPG signal are smallest and singular points that deviate from the consistent limits are the least compared with the other two algorithms.
Adult ; Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Photoplethysmography ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Xingnaojing injection combined with naloxone in the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods 62 patients with hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy were randomly assigned into the control group(31 cases)and the treatment group(31 cases).The control group used naloxone treatment on the basis of the conventional treatment.The treatment group received Xingnaojing injection combined with naloxone treatment on the basis of routine treatment.The changes in different time of Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores of the two groups after treatment were compared.Results After treatment for 1 ,5,1 0,1 5d,the GCS scores in the control group were (5.27 ±0.87)points,(9.03 ±0.72)points,(1 0.03 ±0.72)points,(1 3.03 ±0.72)points respectively,which in the treatment group were (5.1 4 ±1 .03)points,(9.24 ±1 .06)points,(1 3.31 ±2.83)points, (15.31 ±0.93)points.The differences of GCS scores after treatment for 15,10d between the two groups were statistically significant(t =1 5.1 1 3,1 0.501 ,P =0.00,0.00).In the control group,the total effective rate was 50.0%,which of the treatment group was 82.7%,the total effective rate between the two groups had statistically significant difference (χ2 =6.437,P <0.05).Conclusion On the basis of routine treatment,Xingnaojing injection combined with naloxone in the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has better effect than the single use of naloxone treatment.

Objective To explore the treatment of incidental gallbladder carcinoma(UGC)discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods The clinical data of 17 cases of incidental gallbladder (carcinoma) discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Results 11cases with Nevin stage I or stage II were treated by LC and 1 case with Nevin stage III and 3 cases with Nevin stage V were treated by LC and radical local lymphadenectomy. 2 cases with Nevin stage IV were treated by (cholecystectomy). UGC was incidently found in 0.6% of the cases. Cases with Nevin Stage I and II were (observed) for 5 years with no recurrence. A case with Nevin Stage III was found to have recurrence within one and a half years postoperatively and had a re-operation. The prognosis of patients with Nevin Stage IV and V was poor and they were dead within a year after operation. Conclusions The incidently found gallbladder carcinoma with Nevin Stage I and II disease can be radically resected with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The incidently found gallbladder carcinoma with Nevin Stage III and IV disease needs to be radically resected, and if the resection margin is found to be free of tumour, the prognosis is enhanced. The ones with Nevin Stage V need to be treated by local lymphadenectomy and wedge-resection of liver.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcome of all arthroscopic autogenous tendon suspended fixation for Myerson type III chronic noninsertional achilles tendon rupture in elderly patients.Methods:Data of 18 patients with Myerson type III chronic noninsertional Achilles tendon rupture who had performed all arthroscopic autogenous tendon suspended fixation from February 2016 to February 2019 in Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 6 females (right side, 10 cases and left side, 8 cases) aged from 60 to 79 years with a median of 65.3 years. The mean injury-to-surgery time was 12 weeks (range, 6-32 weeks). All the patients were treated by all arthroscopic autogenous tendon suspended fixation. The function of the ankle and the foot was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) foot and ankle score and the achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), and the excellent and good rate was evaluated according to Arner-Lindholm score.Results:All patients healed at the first stage without any complications such as infection, sural nerve injury or tend re-rupture. The mean follow-up period was 18.6 months (range, 12-50 months). At the latest follow-up, all achilles tendons were healed with the VAS score reduced from 4 (1, 7) preoperatively to 0 (0, 1) postoperatively ( Z=2.334, P< 0.05); the AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score was improved from 60.3±9.7 (range, 40-83) preoperatively to 92.6±4.3 (range, 86-100) postoperatively ( t=34.541, P< 0.05); the ATRS score was improved from 55.7±10.6 (range, 42-80) preoperatively to 93.1±3.2 (range, 88-100) postoperatively ( t=64.773, P< 0.05); one patient was unable to stand on tiptoe of the single injured limb, because he could stand it, no further treatment was given; another patient complained of mild pain after a long time walking,which was alleviated by stretching the achilles tendon consistently. According to the score of Arner-Lindholm, 14 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, and the excellent and good rate was 100% (18/18). Conclusion:All arthroscopic autogenous tendon suspended fixation for Myerson type III chronic noninsertional achilles tendon rupture in elderly patients is an effective method, which has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications.

Singularity is a basic feature of biological signals. Based on the variations of wavelet transform modulus maxima in multi-scales, we studied the basic theorem for analyzing the singularity and proposed an algorithm for calculating lipschitz exponent. Then we applied the algorithm to calculate the singularity of R-wave in ECG. Our study found that the level of singularity of R-waves in ECG between the 10 arrhythm patients randomly chosen and the healthy persons was significantly different, with the level of singularity of R-wave of normal persons remarkably higher than that of arrhythmia patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis ; Young Adult

A heart rate variability (HRV)analysis system is presented. The change of the activity of Sympathetic and vagus nerve is evaluated by detecting the parameters of heart rate variability of the tested in different states using the system. The system provides a tool for the study of heart rate variability.
Autonomic Nervous System ; physiology ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted