OBJECTIVE: Hyperprolactinemia is common side effect associated with antipsychotics use. Nevertheless, hyperprolactinemia is relatively neglected by clinician. Especially, there is no study related to amisulpride-induced hyperprolactinemia in korea. This study aimed to determine whether amisulpride can be induced hyperprolactinemia in Korean psychiatric patients. METHODS: This study methodology consisted of a retrospective review of medical charts and prolactin levels. Serum prolactin levels were measured in 24 Korean patients(12 males and 12 females) with psychosis who were treated over 400mg of amisulpride per day. RESULTS: All patients had hyperprolactinemia. Prolactin levels significantly increased after receiving amisulpride(z=-3.702, p=0.000). The prolactin level was significantly higher in females(156.29+/-63.75ng/mL) than in males(69.04+/-39.91ng/mL) after administering amisulpride(p=0.000). There was a correlation between dosage and prolactin levels(r=0.61, p=0.002). However, there was no correlation between duration of treatment and prolactin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotics, especially amisulpride can increase serum prolactin levels and may results in short and long term side effects. Routine clinical assessment of initial and additional prolactin level and associated symptoms should be done.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Korea ; Male ; Prolactin ; Psychotic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulpiride

A number of reports regarding atypical fractures of the femur have raised questions concerning the possible correlation between long-term bisphosphonate treatment and the occurrence of insufficiency fractures in the proximal femur. However, clinically, it is often confused whether is it a fatigue fracture because of implant induced stress concentration or a bisphosphonate-related atypical fracture, especially in a patient with a subtrochanteric fracture who receive bisphosphonate therapy after open reduction and internal fixation, such as dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation for previous ipsilateral femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture. The authors experienced a case of a progressive femoral insufficiency fracture in a woman who had been on Fosamax (Alendronic acid with Vitamin D; Merck & Co. Inc, NJ, USA) therapy for four years after ipsilateral femoral neck fracture treated with a two hole DHS system. Despite a high suspicion of an insufficiency femoral subtrochanteric fracture by bone scan, the occult fracture progressed to a displaced femoral subtrochanteric fracture one year after. The fracture site was fixed with a 6 hole DHS plate, and six months after reoperation the patient had no symptoms and the fracture site had united without any complication.
Alendronate ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Stress ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Reoperation ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes after total hip arthroplasty using the S-ROM modular system for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and to compare the results between the groups using metal-on-metal articulation and ceramic-on-ceramic articulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients (78 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were evaluated after primary total hip arthroplasty between January 2001 and December 2004, using an S-ROM proximal modular femoral stem. The average follow-up was 77 months (range, 60 to 122 months) and all patients were followed for more than five years. RESULTS: The average Harris hip score improved from 53 points to 88.5 points at the final follow-up. At the latest radiologic evaluation, sixty-seven stems had bony ingrowth stability, and 10 stems had stable fibrous ingrowth. However, one stem had diffuse extensive osteolysis and loosening, which was revised at 9 years. Postoperative complications included 4 cases of heterotrophic ossificiation, 1 case of linear fracture after insertion of the femoral stem, 1 case of dislocation, 2 cases of infection, and 1 case of extensive osteolysis and loosening. There were 3 cases of revision and Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis with revision estimated at a 95.7% chance of survival for the femoral component during 122 months. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that total hip arthroplasty using the S-ROM modular system with metal-on-metal articulation or ceramic-on-ceramic articulation had favorable clinical and radiological mid- to long-term results.
Arthroplasty ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Osteonecrosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Survival Rate

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a case of extensive spinal epidural abscess and bilateral psoas abscesses combined with pyogenic spondylodiscitis after a L3 vertebroplasty. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Infection after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty is a rare medical complication. Few reports on spinal epidural abscess and bilateral psoas abscesses, coupled with pyogenic spondylodiscitis after vertebroplasty, are available in the English medical literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors performed a clinical and radiographic case review. RESULTS: A 74-year-old woman, without any existing medical illness, presented with a history of three weeks of lower back pain, fever, and neurologic deficits of both legs after vertebroplasty performed in another hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an extensive spinal epidural abscess from T10 to S1 and huge bilateral psoas abscesses combined with spondylodiscitis at L3-4. Urgent limited laminectomies and abscess drainage were performed from L1 to S1. The day after the operation, ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage was performed to manage bilateral psoas abscesses. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified by intraoperative culture. Antibiotic therapy during hospitalization was maintained for six weeks with vancomycin and rifampicin. The infection was successfully treated without any neurologic deficit and spinal deformity. CONCLUSIONS: Vertebroplasty is relative safe and simple procedure; however, the procedure also may cause severe spinal infection. Aseptic techniques under sterile environment was required during surgery. It is important that early diagnosis and prompt surgical decompression in spinal epidural abscess with neurologic deficit. Limited surgery and antibiotic therapy could be a good treatment option in spinal epidural abscess combined with pyogenic spondylodiscitis.
Abscess ; Aged ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression, Surgical ; Discitis* ; Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Epidural Abscess* ; Female ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Psoas Abscess* ; Rifampin ; Vancomycin ; Vertebroplasty*

OBJECTIVES: Nonagenarians with hip fractures represent a special group of people because of their advanced age and co-morbidities. We evaluated mortality after hip fractures in nonagenarians. METHODS: Fifty-one patients were studied over a 2-year period. There were 39 female and 12 male patients. Twenty seven patients sustained an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur, 24 suffered from femoral neck fracture. The American Society of Anaesthetists (ASA) score of II was the most frequent among 51. Forty-one of them had one or more co-morbidities. Patient review was done 2 years after the fracture. RESULTS: The mortality rate at one year was 53.4% in men, and 15.7% in women. After multivariate analysis, the type of fracture (intertrochanteric fracture) was identified as a risk factor for one-year mortality (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: The outcome in nonagenarians with hip fractures is poor due to the high rates of mortality, especially in men, and this could be informed to patients and their families before hip fracture surgery.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC) device has been used to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study investigated the effectiveness of IPC device. We evaluated incidences of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients after use of IPC device, and compared with historical incidences from our institution. We applied IPC device in 741 patients who underwent 870 elective primary THAs from January 2010 to December 2013, DVT was detected in 3 patients (0.3%) by sonography, and one (0.1%) of them was symptomatic. Symptomatic PE occurred in 1 patient (0.1%) and there were no cases of fatal PE. The incidence of symptomatic DVT was significantly lower than the historical control (P = 0.042). The IPC is a safe and effective prophylaxis of VTE after primary THA in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thromboembolism/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Young Adult

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC) device has been used to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study investigated the effectiveness of IPC device. We evaluated incidences of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients after use of IPC device, and compared with historical incidences from our institution. We applied IPC device in 741 patients who underwent 870 elective primary THAs from January 2010 to December 2013, DVT was detected in 3 patients (0.3%) by sonography, and one (0.1%) of them was symptomatic. Symptomatic PE occurred in 1 patient (0.1%) and there were no cases of fatal PE. The incidence of symptomatic DVT was significantly lower than the historical control (P = 0.042). The IPC is a safe and effective prophylaxis of VTE after primary THA in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thromboembolism/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The object of this study was to evaluate entrance angle effects on femoral tunnel length and cartilage damage during anteromedial portal drilling using three-dimensional computer simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was obtained from an anatomic study performed using 16 cadaveric knees. The anterior cruciate ligament femoral insertion was dissected and the knees were scanned by computer tomography. Tunnels with different of three-dimensional entrance angles were identified using a computer simulation. The effects of different entrance angles on the femoral tunnel length and medial femoral cartilage damage were evaluated. Specifically, tunnel length and distance from the medial femoral condyle to a virtual cylinder of the femoral tunnel were measured. RESULTS: In tunnels drilled at a coronal angle of 45degrees, an axial angle of 45degrees, and a sagittal angle of 45degrees, the mean femoral tunnel length was 39.5+/-3.7 mm and the distance between the virtual cylinder of the femoral tunnel and the medial femoral condyle was 9.4+/-2.6 mm. The tunnel length at a coronal angle of 30degrees, an axial angle of 60degrees, and a sagittal angle of 45degrees, was 34.0+/-2.9 mm and the distance between the virtual cylinder of the tunnel and the medial femoral condyle was 0.7+/-1.3 mm, which was significantly shorter than the standard angle (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Extremely low and high entrance angles in both of axial plane and coronal plane produced inappropriate tunnel angles, lengths and higher incidence of cartilage damage. We recommend that angles in proximity to standard angles be chosen during femoral tunnel drilling through the anteromedial portal.
Aged ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/*surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/instrumentation/*methods ; Cadaver ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; Femur/anatomy & histology/*surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Knee Joint/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy/*methods ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Positioning ; Surgical Instruments ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was undertaken to determine incidence, associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes of a diastasis of pubic symphysis. Among 4,151 women, who delivered 4,554 babies at the Department of Obstetrics of Seoul National University Bundang hospital from January 2004 to December 2006, eleven women were diagnosed as having a symptomatic diastasis of pubic symphysis. We estimated the incidence of the diastasis and identified the associated risk factors. To evaluate the pain relief and reduction of diastasis we followed up the 11 diastatic patients. The incidence of the diastasis was 1/385. Primiparity (P = 0.010) and twin gestation (P = 0.016) appeared as risk factors for diastasis by univairable analysis; and twin gestation appeared to be the only risk factor (P = 0.006) by logistic analysis. Two patients were operated due to intractable pain; and the remaining nine patients were treated conservatively. The diastatic gap decreased to less than 1.5 cm by 2 to 6 weeks after the diagnosis and then remained stationary. At a mean follow-up of 22.1 months (range, 12 to 47 months), five of 11 patients had persistent symphysis pubis dysfunction. Diastasis is more frequent than generally acknowledged. Pregnant women with multiple gestations should be informed about the potential risk of pubic symphysis diastasis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Pubic Symphysis/radiography ; Pubic Symphysis Diastasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

We investigated whether luteolin affects the gene expression, secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes, as well as production of MMP-3 in the rat knee to evaluate the potential chondroprotective effects of luteolin. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer and IL-1beta-induced gene expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), ADAMTS-5 and type II collagen were measured by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Effects of luteolin on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced secretion and enzyme activity of MMP-3 in rabbit articular chondrocytes were investigated by western blot analysis and casein zymography, respectively. The effect of luteolin on MMP-3 protein production was also examined in vivo. The results were as follows: (1) luteolin inhibited the gene expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. However, it increased the gene expression level of collagen in rabbit articular chondrocytes; (2) luteolin inhibited the secretion and activity of MMP-3; (3) luteolin inhibited in vivo production of MMP-3 protein. These results suggest that luteolin can regulate the gene expression, secretion and activity of MMP-3, by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Caseins ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen ; Collagen Type II ; Gene Expression* ; Interleukin-1beta ; Knee* ; Luteolin* ; Osteoarthritis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats* ; Reverse Transcription ; Thrombospondins