No abstract available.

The role of GABA or glycine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter is well established, and GABAergic or glycinergic neurons appear to play an important role in the mammalian retinas. It has been reported that certain amacrine, bipolar, displaced amacrine and ganglion cells are consistently labeled with anti-GABA or anti-glycine antisera in the mammalian retinae so far, and it has been suggested that colocalization of GABA and glycine within the retinal neurons could be common in the mammalian retina by recent immunecytochemical and electrophysiological studies. This study was conducted to localize GABAergic and glycinergic neurons and to define whether GABA and glycine are colocalized within same retinal neurons of the rat retina by immunocytochemical method using anti-GABA and anti-glycine antisera. The results were as follows : 1. GABAergic neurons of the rat retina were amacrine, interplexiform, bipolar, displaced amacrine and ganglion cells, and processes of GABAergic neurons formed dense networks with distinct two bands in the inner plexiform layer. 2. Glycinergic neurons were amacrine, bipolar, displaced amacrine and ganglion cells,and their processes were evenly distributed as dense networks through whole inner plexiform layer. 3. 28.5% of GABA immunoreactive amacrine cells and 9.8% of GABA immunoreactive bipolar cells located in the inner nuclear layer,and 11.9% of labeled neurons located in the ganglion cell layer showed glycine immunoreactivity in the rat retina. These results demonstrate that GABA and glycine, major inhibitory neurotransmitters, are colocalized within certain amacrine and displaced amacrine cells, and a few bipolar cells, and that neurons synthesizing and utilizing both GABA and glycine as their neurotransmitters may play an unique role in the visual processing in the rat retina.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; GABAergic Neurons ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glycine* ; Immune Sera ; Neurons* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinal Neurons

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at acupoints suggested by oriental medicine to be related to the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rest/acupuncture-stimulation Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT using a same-dose subtraction method was performed on 54 normal volunteers (34 males, 20 females, age range from 18 to 62 years) using six paradigms: acupuncture at acupoints GV. 20, GV. 26, LI. 4, ST. 36 and SP. 6. In the control study, needle location was chosen on a non-meridian focus 1 cm posterior to the right fibular head. All images were spatially normalized, and the differences between rest and acupuncture stimulation were statistically analyzed using SPM for Windows . RESULTS: Acupuncture applied at acupoint GV. 20 increased rCBF in both the anterior frontal lobes, the right frontotemporal lobes, and the left anterior temporal lobe and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Acupuncture at GV. 26 increased rCBF in the left prefrontal cortex. Acupuncture at LI. 4 increased rCBF in the left prefrontal and both the inferior frontal lobes, and the left anterior temporal lobe and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Acupuncture at ST. 36 increased rCBF in the left anterior temporal lobe, the right inferior frontal lobes, and the left cerebellum. Acupuncture at SP. 6 increased rCBF in the left inferior frontal and anterior temporal lobes. In the control stimulation, no significant rCBF increase was observed. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a correlation between stimulation at each acupoint with increase in rCBF to the corresponding brain areas.
Acupuncture Points* ; Acupuncture* ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Head ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Needles ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Mucocele of the appendix is uncomrnon and rarely diagnosed preoperatively. The malignant rountpart-i.e. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma--has the same grross appearance and many micro scopic features in cornmon wilhe the benign form. It rnay be associated with ovarian mucinous cystadenoma of strikingly similar microscopic appearence. A serious complication is a rupture of the mucoeele resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Each case of benign and malignant mucocelr of the appendix falsely diagnosecl as an oovarian tumor before laparotxumy are presented wilh a brief rieview of the literatures.
Appendix* ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Mucins ; Mucocele* ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; Rupture

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: One of common problems associated with single teeth dental implant prosthetic is the loosening of screws that retain the implants. PURPOSE: The maintenance of screw joint stability is considered a function of the preload achieved in the screw when the suggested initial tightening torque is applied. The purpose of this study was to investigate acquired preload after initial clamping torque for estimating screw joint stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative study on the effect of initial clamping of two types of implant systems with different connections was conducted. Three dimensional non-linear finite element analysis is adopted to compare the characteristics of screw preloads and stress distributions between two different types of implant systems composed with abutment, screw, and fixture under the same loading and boundary conditions. RESULTS: 1. When the initial clamping torque of 32Ncm was applied to the implant systems, all types of implants generated the maximum effective stress at the first helix region of screw. 2. Morse taper connection types of implants generate lower stress distributions compared to those by butt joint connection types of implants due to large contact surface between abutment and fixture. 3. The internal types of implant systems with friction grip type implant systems have higher resistance to screw loosening than that of the external types of implant systems since the internal types of implant systems generated larger preload than that generated by the external types for the same tightening moments.
Constriction* ; Dental Implants ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Friction ; Hand Strength ; Joints ; Tooth ; Torque

OBJECTIVES: We investigated difference of parameters of polysomnography, cephalometry and dynamic multi-detector computerized tomography (MD-CT) in wake and sleep states according to obesity. METHODS: We evaluated 93 patients who underwent polysomnography and cephalometry. MD-CT was performed in 68 of these 93 patients. Fifty-nine and 34 patients were classified as obese and non-obese, with obesity defined as BMI > or =25. Cephalometry results were analyzed for 12 variables. Using the MD-CT, we evaluated dynamic upper airway morphology in wake and sleep states and divided the upper airway into four parts named as high retropalatal (HRP), low retropalatal (LRP), high retroglossal (HRG), and low retroglossal (LRG). A minimal cross sectional area (mCSA) and collapsibility index (CI) were calculated for each airway level. RESULTS: Diastolic blood pressure (P=0.0005), neck circumference (P<0.0001), and apnea-hypopnea index (P<0.0001) were statistically significantly different between the obese and non-obese group. Among 12 cephalometric variables, there was a significant difference in only the distance from mandibular plane to hyoid bone (P=0.003). There was statistical difference in CI of HRG and LRG in sleep state (P=0.0449, 0.0281) but no difference in mCSA in wake and sleep states. CONCLUSION: The obese group had more severe sleep apnea than the non-obese group. We believe that the increased severity of apnea in the obese group may be have been due to increased collapsibility of the upper airway rather than decreased size of the upper airway.
Apnea ; Blood Pressure ; Cephalometry ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Neck ; Obesity ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Snoring

Fibrous histiocytoma usually develops indiscriminately in skin and any soft tissues of the body. To date, tumors occurring in soft tissues of the head and neck, especially around the nose, have been rarely reported. In most cases, benign fibrous histiocytoma develops as a painless mass lesion and most commonly originates in sun-exposed skin, extremities, and orbital tissue. Recently, we experienced a case of benign fibrous histiocytoma in the nasal dorsum in a 36-year-old woman who complained of a mass in the nasal dorsum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of benign fibrous histiocytoma originating in the nasal dorsum in a Korean.
Adult ; Extremities ; Female ; Head ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Humans ; Neck ; Nose ; Orbit ; Skin

Secondary osteosarcoma has a relatively higher incidence in middle aged persons than in children. Radiation-induced osteosarcoma occurs in approximately 1% of patients who have been treated with more than 2,500 cGy. The time interval from radiation to onset of secondary osteosarcoma is approximately 10 to 15 years. A 51-year-old female who have been treated with radiation for angiomyxoma was hospitalized due to right hip pain. She had a minor trauma 2 weeks prior to hospitalization. A day before hospitalization, she experienced a second trauma by fall, and then, severe hip pain developed. A radiograph of the patient showed femoral neck fracture with sclerotic change of fractured margin. We diagnosed the patient as having a neglected femoral neck fracture and treated it with closed reduction using cannulated screw fixation. At 6 months post-surgery, the patient had residual pain of the right hip and we could find overproduced callus at the fracture site. Through further evaluation, we diagnosed this as secondary osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis. We report this case to make a warning about a misdiagnosed osteosarcoma as a simple femoral neck fracture.
Bony Callus ; Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Hip ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteosarcoma

No abstract available.
Endocarditis* ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Renal Dialysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare two clinical predictive rules, the pre-arrestmorbidity(PAM) index and the prognosis-after-resuscitation(PAR) score, which predict failure to survive following in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). METHOD: The study population consisted of 162 consecutive adult patients who underwent CPR at Wonju Christian Hospital over a year period. The PAM index and PAR score were calculated from the most recent data available for each variable prior to cardiac arrest. Each predictive tool was compared between the group of discharge alive and the group of in-hospital mortality. Performance of the predictive scores was also compared by receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) curves where appropriate. RESULTS: PAM index of study population was 4.39+/-2.69 and PAR score was 2.99+/-3.36. PAM index in the group of discharge alive was 1.87+/-2.79, and PAM index in the group of ih-hospital mortality was 4.51+/-2.62. PAR score in the group of discharge alive was 0.75+/-1.75, and PAR score in the group of in-hospital mortality was 3.1+/-3.4. The PAM index identified 15 patients with a score>8, while the PAR score identified 39 patients with a score>4, none of whom survived. The sensitivity of the PAR score for the prediction of failure to survive was 25%, while that of the PAM index was 10%; neither index incorrectly identified a patient as a non-survivor who eventually survived. Both of predictive methods were not significantly different in the ROC curve. CONCLUSION: Although further confirmation is necessary, PAM index and PAR score may provide useful prognostic information to physicians and patients involved with decisions about do-no- resuscitate orders.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Gangwon-do ; Heart Arrest ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Mortality ; ROC Curve