PURPOSE: Dandy-Walker syndrome is a rare congenital brain malformation that occurs one in every 25,000-35,000 live births, mostly in females. It is characterized by cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle, agenesis or hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In this report, the authors aimed to address a rare case of a 14-months-old female Dandy-Walker syndrome patient that is presented with submucous cleft palate. METHODS: A 14-months-old female patient admitted to our outpatient clinic, via the department of pediatrics, with the complaints of nasal regurgitation, choking and breathing difficulties. She was diagnosed as Dandy-Walker syndrome by magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, at another hospital and underwent a shunt operation for the hydrocephalus continuing treatments. On physical examination, she had structural abnormality of bifid uvula, and palpable notch in the posterior surface of the hard palate. Her submucous cleft palate was corrected, which used a double opposing Z-plasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS: In a follow-up period of 2 months, no complications, such as wound dehiscence, necrosis and infection occurred, which shows satisfactory results. She consulted with pediatric neurologists and physical therapists for further evaluation and management of the abnormalities in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION: Dandy-Walker syndrome patient with a cleft palate is a very rare case to find, which only a few cases are reported around the world. Authors would like to share this case of Dandy-Walker syndrome patient, with submucous cleft palate, who underwent a double opposing Z-plasty that shows satisfactory results.
Airway Obstruction ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain ; Cleft Palate ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Live Birth ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Palate, Hard ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Physical Therapists ; Respiration ; Uvula

PURPOSE: Dandy-Walker syndrome is a rare congenital brain malformation that occurs one in every 25,000-35,000 live births, mostly in females. It is characterized by cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle, agenesis or hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In this report, the authors aimed to address a rare case of a 14-months-old female Dandy-Walker syndrome patient that is presented with submucous cleft palate. METHODS: A 14-months-old female patient admitted to our outpatient clinic, via the department of pediatrics, with the complaints of nasal regurgitation, choking and breathing difficulties. She was diagnosed as Dandy-Walker syndrome by magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, at another hospital and underwent a shunt operation for the hydrocephalus continuing treatments. On physical examination, she had structural abnormality of bifid uvula, and palpable notch in the posterior surface of the hard palate. Her submucous cleft palate was corrected, which used a double opposing Z-plasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS: In a follow-up period of 2 months, no complications, such as wound dehiscence, necrosis and infection occurred, which shows satisfactory results. She consulted with pediatric neurologists and physical therapists for further evaluation and management of the abnormalities in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION: Dandy-Walker syndrome patient with a cleft palate is a very rare case to find, which only a few cases are reported around the world. Authors would like to share this case of Dandy-Walker syndrome patient, with submucous cleft palate, who underwent a double opposing Z-plasty that shows satisfactory results.
Airway Obstruction ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain ; Cleft Palate ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Live Birth ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Palate, Hard ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Physical Therapists ; Respiration ; Uvula

Extra-adrenal paragangliomas are rare tumors of neural crest origin, usually arising from the carotid bodies, the glomus jugulare, or the retroperitoneum. And, though ten percents of cases are presented with malignancy, it`s prognosis is relatively good. In genitourinary area, there are a few reported cases of extra-adrenal paragangliomas of the urinary bladder and the spermatic cord. Herein, we report a case of paraganglioma arising in the scrotum, which is an extremely rare location.
Carotid Body ; Glomus Jugulare ; Neural Crest ; Paraganglioma ; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal* ; Prognosis ; Scrotum* ; Spermatic Cord ; Urinary Bladder

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related perforation is classified into three or four types based on anatomical location and the mechanism of injury. Although ampullary injury, among them, may be managed nonsurgically, surgical management is required in cases of perforation with retroperitoneal fluid collection and severe condition. Here, a patient with ERCP-related severe ampullary perforation with retroperitoneal fluid collection that was treated nonsurgically with a covered stent is presented.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Humans ; Stents

Bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal blistering skin disease, usually occurred in the elderly. It is an autoimmune disease associated with circulating autoantibodies directed against structural components of hemodesmosome. Rarely, it can involve the esophagus, which can be complicated by upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We report a case of bullous pemphigoid with esophageal mucosal desquamation and hemorrhage in patient with chronic renal failure.
English Abstract ; Esophageal Diseases/*complications/pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane/pathology ; Pemphigoid, Bullous/*complications/pathology

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare condition in which there is complete right to left reversal of the abdominal and thoracic organs. SIT generally does not bear any pathophysiological significance, and the survival rate of patients with SIT does not differ from that of healthy individuals. However, patients with SIT require a thorough radiological examination to identify the presence of associated anatomic variations before undergoing invasive procedures such as surgery or hemostasis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage because they may have accompanying abnormalities in anatomical structures along with reversed organs. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively safe procedure that is most commonly performed for the enteral feeding of patients with dysphagia and a normal gastrointestinal function. However, the procedure requires extracaution because minor complications may lead to life-threatening situations due to the underlying illnesses. Here, we report the case of a patient with SIT who underwent a PEG procedure without complications, and review the existing literature on this subject.
Anatomic Variation ; Deglutition Disorders ; Enteral Nutrition ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gastrostomy* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Situs Inversus* ; Survival Rate ; Ursidae

Craniopharyngiomas are usually considered to arise from the pituitary stalk and upper aspect of the pituitary gland. However, they very rarely develop from the floor of the third ventricle or the lamina terminalis, and are intrinsically confined to the third ventricle ; about 40 cases have been reported in the literatures. We have recently experienced a case of intrinsic intraventricular craniopharyngioma with the density a little higher than cerebrospinal fluid on the brain CT.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Craniopharyngioma* ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary Gland ; Third Ventricle

No abstract available.
Bile Acids and Salts/secretion ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/*diagnostic imaging ; Cholangiography ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Diseases/*diagnosis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Survival Rate*

PURPOSE: Pupillary examination is an important objective method to diagnose lesions of the anterior visual pathways. However, errors and faults may easily alter the interpretation and value of the test as it is highly dependent on the examiner's skills. Therefore, we tried to develop a pupillography which is independent of the examiner. METHODS: Hardware composed of a binocularly measuring instrument adapted for an infrared charge coupled device (CCD) was developed. Two arrays of infrared light emitting diodes (LED) were supplied in front of each of the subject's eyes. A microcontroller to modulate these LED was developed, as was software to save and analyze the pupil images. The hardware was able to deliver a light to either eye or to both eyes, and to change the time, frequency, and intensity of the stimulus. The software automatically analyzed the pupil size and location by image processing. Pupil size was calculated continuously. After artifact elimination, the response amplitudes of the pupils were determined for the right and left pupils. RESULTS: Pupillary images of size 320 x 240, at 30 frames/second, were saved and processed to evaluate the change of the actual pupil size and the velocity of pupillary response. CONCLUSIONS: A pupillography to measure, save and analyze the pupillary response using image processing was developed. Further detailed clinical studies with a large number of patients will be required to validate this new method.
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/*instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Reflex, Pupillary