No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Sputum* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Diverticulum* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Traction*

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a higher burden of seizures, but few studies have examined seizures in HIV-infected individuals in Korea. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of seizures in patients with HIV infection. Among a total of 1,141 patients, 34 (3%) had seizures or epilepsy; 4 of these individuals had epilepsy before HIV infection, and the others showed new-onset seizures. Most patients exhibited moderate (200 to 500, n = 13) or low (below 200, n = 16) CD4 counts. The most common seizure etiology was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (n = 14), followed by other HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications (n = 6). Imaging studies revealed brain lesions in 21 patients. A total of 9 patients experienced only one seizure during the follow-up period, and 25 patients experienced multiple seizures or status epilepticus (n = 2). Multiple seizures were more common in patients with brain etiologies (P = 0.019) or epileptiform discharges on EEG (P = 0.032). Most seizures were controlled without anticonvulsants (n = 12) or with a single anticonvulsant (n = 12). Among patients with HIV infection, seizures are significantly more prevalent than in the general population. Most seizures, with the exception of status epilepticus, have a benign clinical course and few complications.
Adult ; Aged ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Causality ; Comorbidity ; Electroencephalography/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Seizures/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Although the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular injury has been reported, exact its mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Recent studies have reported that reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and superoxide, formed in association with a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases, may play an important role in cell injury and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether H2O2 induces apoptosis, a possible mechanism of pulmonary vascular injury. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The calf pulmonary artery endothelial cell line(CPAE) was used in the experiment. For the measurement of cytotoxicity of H2O2, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay was performed. To find out whether H2O2 affects cell morphology, cells were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. To confirm the induction of apoptosis, H2O2-treated cells were analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) staining and flow cytometric analysis. RESULT: Compared to the untreated control(100%), viabilities of cells treated with H2O2 of concentrations of 10 microM, 50 microM, 100 microM and 500 microM for 3 hours were about 70%, 33%, 26% and 28%, respectively. Morphologically, H2O2-treated cells(50 microM) showed retraction of processes, cell shrinkage, cytoplasm condensation and irregularity of shape. Both TUNEL assay and DAPI staining also showed typical apoptotic features of nuclear condensation and nuclear fragmentation in some nuclei of H2O2-treated cells. Through flow cytometric analysis, it was determined that there was an increased number of cells in the sub-G1 phase and a decreased number of cells in the G1 phase among the H2O2-treated cells, compared to those of the control. CONCLUSION: Through morphological and biochemical analyses, it was first demonstrated that cell death induced by H2O2 in CPAE showed classic apoptotic features. These results suggest the possibility that H2O2-induced apoptosis may, in part, be involved in the molecular mechanism of pulmonary vascular injury.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Death ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelial Cells* ; G1 Phase ; Hydrogen ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxides ; Vascular System Injuries

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Muscles*

The main goals of surgical teatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures are to achieve reduction, stability and early, painless mobilization. A further aim is to avoid late malposition and to preserve mobility and lordosis. The main disadvantage of Harrington instrumentation and similar methods are that this device fixate five to seven vertebrae. The Cotrel-Dubousset(C-D) instrumentation provides a stable construct for fixation of spine fracture. The advantages of C-D pedicle screw for thoracolumbar spinal fractures are that compression or distraction force can be applied in the same rod and used to achieve anatomical reduction of spinal fractures and rigid fixation can be obtained with short instrumentation. The C-D instumentation was done for 15 unstable thoracolumbar spinal fractures at Seoul Red Cross Hospital from January, 1988 to January, 1990. The results were as follows. 1. The most common cause of the spine fracture was fall down, and majority are within 20-40 old age. 2. The most common involved site was T12 and Ll vertebrae (66.7%). 3. The most common type of injury was burst fracture by according to Denis classification(60%). 4. The complication was developed mostly in neurological deficient patient. 5. The advantage of the C-D instrumentation: (1) rigid and short osteosynthesis of spine fracture, (2) compression or distraction force can be applied in the same rod, (3) early mobilization with a brace is possible. 6. The rigid fixation can be obtained.
Animals ; Braces ; Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Lordosis ; Pedicle Screws ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Spinal Fractures ; Spine

No abstract available.

The surgical management of patients whose pulmonary arteries are discontinuous from the ventricular mass depends in part on adequate visualization and quantification of the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary vein wedge angiography has proven effective technique in demonstrating the true mediastinal(intrapericardial) pulmonary arteries(when present) when standard anterograde injections do not suffice. Pulmonary vein wedge angiography was performed in 11 patients during cardiac catheterization at Serverance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine between June, 1984 and December, 1985. In all the patients, venous angiography gave a more complete, clear picture of the pulmonary arteries. We feel that pulmonary venous wedge angiography often is superior to and at least complements standard angiographic methods of opacifying the pulmonary artries in patients with pulmonary atresia or occluded pulmonary arteries. We recommend it as a routine part of the evaluation of these patients.
Angiography* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Complement System Proteins ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Atresia* ; Pulmonary Veins*

No abstract available.
Atrial Fibrillation* ; Heart* ; Thoracic Surgery*