The effect of thermocycling and surface finishing on the marginal fidelity of copings for a metal ceramic crown was examined. Methods for minimizing the loss of marginal fidelity were evaluated. The results were as follows ; 1. Thermocycling of ceramic metal coping resulted in increased marginal gap. 2. The greatest marginal gap occurred during the first thermocycling of the copings. 3. No additional distortion of marginal fidelity occurred when surface finishing and second thermocycling were completed after initial thermocycling. 4. The gab increases according to various treatment methods showed group 1 to be the highest values. 5. There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3(p>0.05). 6. There was significant difference between group 1 and group 2, 3(p<0.05). 7. There was no significant difference among the measurement sites.
Ceramics* ; Crowns

The effect of thermocycling and surface finishing on the marginal fidelity of copings for a metal ceramic crown was examined. Methods for minimizing the loss of marginal fidelity were evaluated. The results were as follows ; 1. Thermocycling of ceramic metal coping resulted in increased marginal gap. 2. The greatest marginal gap occurred during the first thermocycling of the copings. 3. No additional distortion of marginal fidelity occurred when surface finishing and second thermocycling were completed after initial thermocycling. 4. The gab increases according to various treatment methods showed group 1 to be the highest values. 5. There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3(p>0.05). 6. There was significant difference between group 1 and group 2, 3(p<0.05). 7. There was no significant difference among the measurement sites.
Ceramics* ; Crowns

Twenty-one patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for pure aoritic regurgitation were studied retrospectively to evaluate the left ventricular function and internal dimension change before, 1-6 weeks(early postoperative) and 2-36 months after(late postoperative) aortic valve replacement by serial echocardiography. Postoperatively, NYHA function class improved remarkably (from 3.3+/-0.6 to 1.4+/-0.7). Early postoperatively, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (EDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension(ESD), left ventricular fractional shortenting(FS) significantly decreased in all patients(7.6+/-1.2cm vs 5.8+/-1.5cm P<0.001, 5.5+/-1.3cm vs 4.7+/-1.3cm P<0.001, 39+/-12% vs20+/-8% P<0.001 respectively). Interventricular septum thickness(IVS) and posterior wall thickness (PW) were slightly thickened before(1.4+/-0.3cm, 1.3+/-0.3cm respectively) and in the early postoperative period (1.3+/-0.4cm, 1.3+/-0.3cm respectively) without significant interval change. Late postoperatively, EDD and ESD decreased significantly (7.8+/-1.2cm vs 5.1+/-0.8cm P<0.01, 5.1+/-1.1cm vs 3.4+/-0.8cm P<0.001. respectively), and FS increased significantly (25+/-9% vs 34+/-9%, P<0.05). Among 3 patients of so called high risk group mentioned by Henry(22,33), ESD and FS improved to normal range in 2 patients, and ESD decreased to 4.4cm and FS increased to 33% in the other one. EDD and ESD decreased significantly in both group I(preoperative ESD<5.5cm) and group II(preoperative ESD<5.5cm), without no decrement difference between two groups, and there was a significant difference of FS decrement between group I and group II at early postoperative period. Preoperative ESD correlated highly with the early postoperative EDD(r=0.89) and ESD(r=0.87) with statistical significance, and moderately high with late postoperative EDD(r=0.45), ESD(r=0.50) and FS(r=0.42) without statistical signiticance. We concluded that there was significant improvement in left ventricular function in pure aortic regurgitation patients postoperatively. Preoperative left ventricular and systolic dimension above 5.5cm and fractional shortenting below 25% are not so reliabel index of poor postoperative prognosis.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Aortic Valve* ; Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventricular Function, Left

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing aging of society, the number of patients suffering from senile diseases is increasing. Patients suffering from osteoporosis, which is a representative senile disease, take a long time to recover from fractures, and the resulting mortality rate is very high. Alendronate (Ald), which is widely used as a treatment for osteoporosis, alleviates osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclasts. In addition, whitlockite (WH) promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone cells and improves bone regeneration. Therefore, we intended to bring about a synergistic effect by using these substances together. METHODS: In this study, a scaffold composed of gelatin/heparin was fabricated and applied to effectively use WH and Ald together. A scaffold was constructed using gelatin and heparin was used to effectively utilize the cations released from WH. In addition, it formed a porous structure for effective bone regeneration. In vitro and in vivo osteoclast inhibition, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration were studied using the prepared scaffolds. RESULTS: The inhibition of osteoclast was much higher when WH and Ald were applied in combination rather than individually. The highest level of osteogenic differentiation was observed when both substances were applied simultaneously. In addition, when applied to bone regeneration through the mouse calvarial defect model, combined treatment showed excellent bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study showed the synergistic effect of WH and Ald, and it is suggested that better bone regeneration is possible by applying this treatment to bones with fractures that are difficult to regenerate.

To investigate psychopathology and executive functions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children according to intelligence level, this study included 197 ADHD children who visited the outpatient department of neuropsychiatry of YeungNam University Medical Center, from July 2000 to June 2002. The children were divided into groups based on their intelligence levels. They were compared by the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC), Conncers' Continuous Performence Test (CPT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). There were significant differences in PIC, on the subscales of verbal development, socialization and autism. In the CPT, there was no significant difference. In the WCST, there were significant differences in the total number of errors, the number of perseverative errors, the number of completed categories and the number of trials needed to complete the first category. Considering these results, the intelligence level of ADHD children is related to their disabilities and behavioral symptoms. Executive functions such as abstract thinking, categorization, working memory and flexibility had significant relationship to the intelligence levels of ADHD children. Therefore, the intelligence level of children with ADHD influences the higher executive functions of regulating attention and information processing rather than attentional functions and capacity alone.
Academic Medical Centers ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Autistic Disorder ; Automatic Data Processing ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Child* ; Executive Function* ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neuropsychiatry ; Outpatients ; Personality Inventory ; Pliability ; Psychopathology* ; Socialization ; Thinking ; Wisconsin

Cerebral developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is generally benign. However, we have experienced two cases of DVA causing symptoms. In the first case, the patient demonstrated DVA with venous infarction. DVA was visualized in the arterial phase using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and was diagnosed as arterialized DVA. The second case presented as transient right homonymous hemianopia. DSA revealed venous congestion; the transient aggravation of venous congestion may have caused the symptom. DSA is useful for diagnosing the pathomechanism of symptomatic DVAs.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction* ; Hemianopsia ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Infarction

Mortality associated with human breast carcinoma is almost entirely due to subsequent cancer metastasis, but the molecular basis of this metastasis is not well established. The nm23 gene was originally identified by differential hybridization between two murine melanoma cell sublines which have low and high metastatic potential, and located in chromosome 17q22. This gene has been known to be involved in the metastasis of several cancers and its down-regulation usually associated with metastasis or disease progression in breast cancer. Tumor angiogenesis, the process leading to the formation of new vessels, plays a central role in tumor progression and distant metastasis. It is implicated in the phenomenon of dormant micrometastasis. This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of expression of the nm23 protein and tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer. Also, these two factors were compared with established clinicopathological prognostic factors and hormone receptors. 118 paraffin embedded surgical specimens of breast cancer were obtained from March, 1988 to February, 1994 and were selected for study. The expression of nm23 protein was studied by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-nm23/nuclear diphosphate kinase A. Tumor angiogenesis was quantified under light microscope by counting of the tumor microvessels(MVC) which were highlighted with anti-CD31 antibodies. The patient were allocated into two groups by mean number of MVC, one group was less 42 and the other was over 42. All the patients were female. The nm23 protein expression was positive in 74(63%) cases and was negative in 44(37%) cases. There was a significant correlation between nm23 protein expression and histologic grade(p=0.023). Positive expression of nm23 protein was correlated with positive estrogen(p=0.031) and progesterone receptors(p=0.001). Also Positive expression of nm23 protein was correlated with longer disease free survival(p=0.0026) and overall survival(p=0.0048). The group of MVC<42 showed better survival in overall(p=0.0195) and disease free survival(p=0.0014) than the other group of MVC>42. But the MVC and established clinicopathological prognostic factors did not show any correlation, neither with hormone status. When the nm23 protein and angiogenesis were considered together, 50 cases of negative nm23 protein and MVC<42 showed the best survival in overall(p=0.0111) and disease free survival(p=0.0114) among the four groups of each combination. In conclusion, the expression of nm23 protein and tumor angiogenesis can be used as new prognostic factors in conjunction with established other prognostic factors.
Antibodies ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease Progression ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Paraffin ; Phosphotransferases ; Progesterone

Methods: We retrospectively collected the medical records of 2,134 patients with end-stage renal disease who were dependent on hemodialysis and underwent surgery under general anesthesia between January 2018 and December 2019. Propensity score matching was used. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate, and secondary outcomes were the 1-year mortality rate and causes of death. Results: A total of 2,039 patients were included in the study. Sugammadex was administered as a reversal agent for rocuronium in 806 (39.5%) patients; the remaining 1,233 (60.5%) patients did not receive sugammadex. After matching, 1,594 patients were analyzed; 28 (3.5%) of the 797 patients administered sugammadex, and 28 (3.5%) of the 797 patients without sugammadex, died within 30 days after surgery (P > 0.99); 38 (4.8%) of the 797 patients administered sugammadex, and 45 (5.7%) of the 797 patients without sugammadex, died within 1 year after surgery (P = 0.499). No significant differences in the causes of 30-day mortality were observed between the two groups after matching (P = 0.860). Conclusions In this retrospective study, sugammadex did not increase the 30-day and 1-year mortality rate after surgery in end-stage renal disease patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to develop guideline for evaluation of depression. METHODS: Development of this guideline was processed according to the ADAPTE manual, which was developed for adaptation of good clinical practice guidelines. Important key questions were determined, and a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines was performed. The contents of guidelines selected by comparison of the methodological quality and currency were evaluated with regard to the applicability and acceptability. Answers to key questions and clinical recommendations were established by peer review. RESULTS: Careful evaluations on the characteristics of depression, including subtype, severity, suicidality, and psychiatric and physical comorbidities were recommended because these factors can have an influence on course and prognosis in treatment of depression. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may contribute to the systematic evaluation of depression, based on clinical importance. However, this guideline did not include systematic reviews regarding useful scales for evaluation of depression. In the future, amendment of this guideline might be needed in order to supplement limitations.
Comorbidity ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis* ; Methods ; Peer Review ; Prognosis ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to develop guideline for use in diagnosis of depression. METHODS: Development of this guideline was processed according to the ADAPTE manual, which was developed for adaptation of good clinical practice guidelines. Important key questions were determined, and a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines was performed. The contents of guidelines selected by comparison of the methodological quality and currency were evaluated with regard to the applicability and acceptability. Answers to key questions and clinical recommendations were established by peer review. RESULTS: There has been no evidence on strategies to improve the accuracy and rate of diagnosis of depression. The screening tools for depression were useful in diagnosis of depression in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may suggest the necessity of strategies to improve the validity and reliability of diagnosis of depression. In contrast, scales for screening depression can be useful in diagnosis of depression. This guideline did not include systematic reviews regarding useful scales for diagnosis of depression. In the future, amendment of this guideline might be needed in order to supplement limitations.
Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis* ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Peer Review ; Reproducibility of Results ; Weights and Measures