BACKGROUND: Bullying most often occurs in the school environment and can affect the social climate of the school as well as the surrounding community. Bullying interferes with learning and student development, and its long-term social and emotional ramifications are solely underestimated. OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence and common risk factors for bullying among grade 5 and 6 students in a public elementary school in Quezon City. METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study where in prevalence rate of bullying and the associated risk factors of bullying were analyzed. The Illinois Bullying Scale (IBS) was used to measure the prevalence of bullying. RESULTS: A total of 166 students between 10-12 years old of age participated in the study. All the respondents were old students. Majority of them were male (53.61%). Nine of ten students were Catholics. Majority of the fathers and half of the mothers were employed. The prevalence of bullying was at 15.66%. There was 18% prevalence of bullying on the victim subscale, 13.86% on the bully subscale, and 15.66% on the fight subscale. CONCLUSION Males have increased bully scores compared to female for both bully and fight subscales. Other factors such as being overweight or underweight, educational levels of parents, socioeconomic status, composition of the families play no significant association with bullying among students in public school. Schools and parents should become familiar with the school‘s definition of bullying, bullying prevention policies and the code of conduct.
Bullying

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to explore nurse' bullying experiences according to demographic characteristics and to identify effects of workplace bullying and job stress on turnover intention in hospital nurses. METHODS: One hundred sixty-one graduate students working as nurses were recruited. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression with PASW 18.0. RESULTS: Results show that 23.0% of the nurses interviewed had experienced bullying in the workplace within the last six months and 19.4% had been bullied during the entire employment period. Bullying perpetrators included nurses (52.9%), physicians (23.0%), and patients (17.8%). Bully nurses consisted of senior nurses (63.0%), managers or supervisors (29.6%), colleagues (3.7%), and junior nurses (3.7%). Job turnover intention in hospital nurses was significantly correlated with workplace bullying (r=.20, p=.012) and job stress (r=.37, p<.001). The most significant predictors influencing the turnover intention of hospital nurses were job stress, age, and bullying in total career and these factors accounted for 21.0% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Job stress and bullying significantly influence turnover intention. Therefore, educational programs should be developed and implemented to prevent workplace bullying.
Bullying ; Employment ; Humans ; Intention

Introduction: Adolescents’ involvement in sexual practices are becoming a major public health concern in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of sexual practices among Malaysian school-going adolescents and its predictive factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2012 till September 2012 among 16-year-old school adolescents from two different schools. They were selected through simple random sampling and these adolescents answered a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections i.e. socio-demography, risk-taking behaviours and family-adolescents relationship. Data were analysed using Pearson Chi-Square test while Simple Logistic Regression and Multiple Logistic Regression were applied to determine the predictive factors. Results: The prevalence of sexual practices among the adolescents was 30.1% in which they were either involved in pornography (26.8%), pre-sexual activities (8.5%) or premarital sex (2.9%). Six predictive factors associated with sexual practices among this age group were identified which were male (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.7, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.4 to 2.5), truancy (aOR 2.3, 95%CI 1.3 to 4.2), bully (aOR 3.5, 95%CI 1.7 to 7.3), hanging out (aOR 2.8, 95% 1.4 to 5.6), staying out late (aOR 3.2, 95%CI 1.5 to 6.8) and conflict with family (aOR 4.1, 95%CI 1.9 to 8.9). Discussion: Asian background differs from the western countries and findings of this study may suggest suitable intervention programmes that can prevent high-risk sexual practices among Asian school-going adolescents.
Adolescent ; Bullying ; Behavior

PURPOSE: To identify the effects of workplace bullying of hospital nurses on the quality of nursing service and to investigate the moderating effects of professional self-concept in the relationship between workplace bullying and quality of nursing service. METHODS: The participants in this study were 280 nurses working in hospitals located in J Province. Data were collected from December 20, 2016, to January 20, 2017. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 statistical program. RESULTS: Workplace bullying had significant negative correlations with professional self-concept and nursing service quality. There was a significant positive correlation between professional self-concept and nursing service quality. Professional self-concept was the only variable to show a moderating effect in the relationship between the outcome of workplace bullying and quality of nursing service (β=−.12, p=.023). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest building a systematic strategy to prevent workplace bullying at the organizational-level, where it threatens quality of nursing service and developing programs to promote professional self-concept, which can control the negative effect of workplace bullying.
Bullying ; Nursing Services ; Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the response patterns of nursing unit managers regarding workplace bullying. METHODS: Q methodology was used to identify the response patterns. Thirty-six Q samples were selected from the Q population of 210 that included literature reviews and in-depth interviews with clinical nurses and nursing managers. Participants were 30 nursing unit managers who had experience managing workplace bullying and they classified the Q samples into a normal distribution frame measured on a nine-point scale. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. RESULTS: Five types of response patterns were identified: (1) sympathetic-understanding acceleration, (2) harmonious-team approach, (3) preventive-organizational management, (4) passive observation, and (5) leading-active intervention. The preventive-organizational management type was most frequently used by the nursing unit managers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that nursing unit managers attempted to prevent and solve workplace bullying in various ways. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and conduct leadership training and intervention programs that appropriately address the response patterns of nursing unit managers, such as those identified in this study.
Acceleration ; Bullying ; Leadership ; Nursing

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to examine relationships among workplace bullying, organization culture and nursing performance in clinical nurses.METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from October 16 to 26, 2018 with 168 nurses participating in RN-BSN and graduate programs in a university. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 by t - test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression.RESULTS: Of nurses, 23.2% were found as victims of workplace bullying. Higher scores for workplace bullying positively correlated with rank-oriented culture (r=.19, p=.015), negatively correlated with relational-oriented culture (r=−.43, p<.001) and innovation-oriented culture (r=−.35, p<.001). After adjusting for other variables, better nursing performance was associated with lower scores for workplace bullying (β=−.18, p=.026) and innovation-oriented culture (β=.24, p=.023). However, there was no moderating effect of organizational culture in the relationship between workplace bullying and nursing performance.CONCLUSION: Efforts to creating innovative organizational culture and reducing workplace bullying can contribute to improving nursing performance.
Bullying ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture

Bullying is a form of aggression characterized by negative behavior intended to harm or distress others occuring repeatedly and involving an imbalance in the strength and power of the parties involved. It has become increasingly recognized in the pediatric age group because of the implications it has on the psychosocial health of children. Involvement in bullying be it a victim, a bully and a bully-victim has been associated with depression, anxiety and psychosomatic symptoms in the pediatric age group. Adolescents being a vulnerable stage, when afflicted with depression can have long-term serious effects on their mental health and functioning. There are numerous studies on bullying in Western countries. However, in the Philippines, there are few studies on bullying and its psychological effects on children. Bullying being a culture-based phenomenon, studies conducted in the Philippine setting is warranted. The aim of the study is to provide data on the prevalence of bullying and its associated psychological effects of depression, anxiety and stress on adolescents. It aims to investigate the association between being a victim of bullying to depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents.
Bullying ; Adolescent ; Depression

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among nurses' workplace bullying experience, organizational culture, and organizational commitment. METHODS: Nurses who had worked for more than 6 months (N=299) were selected from 5 general hospitals. Data were collected from August to September 2014, using a self- reported questionnaire, and were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: Among the participants, 17.7% reported having experienced workplace bullying. Those who had experienced workplace bullying reported significantly lower relation-oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture, and organizational commitment as compared to the other group (t=-2.50, p=.016; t=-2.60, p=.011; t=-2.91, p=.004, respectively). Rank-oriented culture was higher in those who had experienced workplace bullying as compared to those who had not (t=2.76, p=.007). CONCLUSION: Those who had experienced workplace bullying had higher scores on rank-oriented culture and lower scores on innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and organizational commitment. To reduce workplace bullying among nurses, hospital managers should improve the relation-oriented organizational culture and alleviate the rank-oriented culture.
Bullying* ; Hospitals, General ; Organizational Culture*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of bullying, negative affectivity and burnout in the nurses. METHODS: The sample consisted of 389 nurses. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. RESULTS: The control variables of age, marital status, education level, current position, health status and work unit explained 30.2%(F=28.9, p<.001) of variance in burnout. The control variables, bullying and negative affectivity collectively explained 49.7% of variance in burnout. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the demographic factors influencing burnout are age, education level, health status, work unit, while bullying and negative affectivity in the work places are factors that influence burnout. These findings can be utilized to develop strategies to reduce bullying and negative affectivity.
Bullying* ; Demography ; Education ; Marital Status ; Workplace

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the behavioral problems according to the role of the students in school bullying in adolescents. METHODS: The participants were 571 students, first to second-grade in a middle school. The instruments used were; K-PNI (Korean-Peer nomination inventory), K-YSR (Korean-Youth Self-Report) developed for adolescents in Korea. Descriptive, χ2 test, ANOVA were used. RESULTS: Somatic symptoms were significantly different between victims or victim-perpetrator and non-involved, respectively (F=4.508, p=.004). Social immaturity (F=9.158. p=.000) and delinquent behavior (F=3.382. p=.018) were significantly different between victim-perpetrator and non-involved. Aggression was significantly different between perpetrator or victim-perpetrator and non-involved, respectively (F=14.048. p=.000). CONCLUSION: Behavioral problems in students differed depending on his or her role in school bullying. Development of intervention programs applicable to behavioral problems specifically associated with the role of the students in school bullying may effectively intervene in adolescent school bullying.
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Bullying* ; Humans ; Korea ; Problem Behavior*