Introduction Irish surgeon Abraham Coll bone lower forearm Call an end in 1814 reports about the location extension breaks, fractures, called colles fractures. It is common fractures account for 10-20% of the total respectively fracture, the bottom end 75% of bone fracture forearm. Number of elderly patients in developed countries has increased, an increasing number of these refractive growth. In 2001, in the cases of 640,000 fracture United States forearm bone bottom colles. Purpose Study for the influence of risk factors in bone setting treatment Colles fracture Objectives: 1. Forearm bone assessment bottom Colles displaced, some of the causes which affect nondisplaced fractures, depending upon risk factors 2. Forearm bone to assess what the lower end Colles healing some of the risk factors that may affect the fracture Materials and Methods Trauma and Orthopedic research studies involving the term “Emergency Department” at the forearms of 80 people age 5-76 bone treatment in patients who received the peace at the lower end Colles fracture the national center. Respondents grooming, nongrooming divided into 2 groups, which may not be received and confirmed by refractive index difference in X-ray. To analyze the data elements of descriptive statistics was used (mean, standard deviation, percentage distribution). As a result of calculating the difference between the data expressed as a percentage Use Pearson’s chi-squares method. If using T-test method to calculate the difference between the data and the P value less than 0.05 considered statistically accurate. Calculating the relationship between the power of the data evaluated the relationship using spearman correlation coefficient. Result Some of the causes and risk factors are compared between groups, Colles difference nondisplaced fracture purity (r=0.18, p=0.21) or a weak relationship, Colles difference, compared to the nondisplaced fracture the use of calcium supplementation (r=0.21, p=0.06) associations, Colles difference, gender nondisplaced fracture compared (r=0.28, p=0.01) weaknesses related were statistically significant. Conclusion 1. Colles difference nondisplaced fractures when used in alcohol risk factors affect the injury took place, and menopause are diagnosed with osteoporosis, previous calcium intake is associated with weak damage. 2. Colles difference refraction healing has 24-hour loss of time covered detonations often bear physical therapy show his hand and damaged a hospital that affect healing.

Introduction: In 1814 Irish surgeon Abraham Coll first introduced distal radial bone fracture in clinical practice as a colles fracture. It is one of the most common fractures account for 10-20% of the total respectively fracture. Case of Colles fracture has being increased in the developed country year by year besides the increasing number of elderly patients. Depending on severity displaced of the fracture, management includes closed reduction or surgical procedure. The aim of study was to study result of risk factors that influence the closed reduction management of the Colles fracture. Materials and Methods: From hospital based population 80 patients aged between 5-76 years (mean age 47.31 years, male 61.25%, female 38.7%) were recruited by cross sectional and randomized method. Participants were divided into displaced and non-displaced groups which confirmed by refractive index difference on X-ray. Results: The risk factors that influence the colles fracture closed reduction management was osteoporosis (p=0.38), menopause (r=0.18, p=0.27), calcium supplement intake (r=0.21, p=0.05), received hospital care in 24 hour (p=0.39), apply plaster (p=0.64), hand sling immobilizer brace (p=0.5) and physical therapy (p=0.5). Conclusion: Osteoporosis and menopause were the risk factors that influenced the closed reduction management of Colles fracture. The patient cases that not receiving emergency medical care in first 24 hours, not applying plaster, not using the hand sling immobilizer brace and not receiving physical therapy was risk factors for extending the closed reduction management of the Colles fracture.

Introduction: In 1814 Irish surgeonAbraham Coll first introduced distal radialbone fracture in clinical practice as a collesfracture. It is one of the most commonfractures account for 10-20% of the totalrespectively fracture. Case of Colles fracturehas being increased in the developed countryyear by year besides the increasing numberof elderly patients. Depending on severitydisplaced of the fracture, managementincludes closed reduction or surgicalprocedure. The aim of study was to studyresult of risk factors that influence theclosed reduction management of the Collesfracture.Materials and Methods: From hospitalbased population 80 patients aged between5-76 years (mean age 47.31 years, male61.25%, female 38.7%) were recruited bycross sectional and randomized method.Participants were divided into displaced andnon-displaced groups which confirmed byrefractive index difference on X-ray.Results: The risk factors that influence thecolles fracture closed reduction managementwas osteoporosis (p=0.38), menopause(r=0.18, p=0.27), calcium supplement intake(r=0.21, p=0.05), received hospital care in24 hour (p=0.39), apply plaster (p=0.64),hand sling immobilizer brace (p=0.5) andphysical therapy (p=0.5).Conclusion: Osteoporosis and menopausewere the risk factors that influenced theclosed reduction management of Collesfracture. The patient cases that not receivingemergency medical care in first 24 hours,not applying plaster, not using the hand slingimmobilizer brace and not receiving physicaltherapy was risk factors for extending theclosed reduction management of the Collesfracture.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy in Mongolian patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema.Prospective, randomized, single-center, a 12 month, laser-controlled, clinical trial. Participants: One hundred twelve eligible patients, aged ≥18 years, with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study eye of 35 to 69 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)letters at 4 m (Snellen equivalent: ≥6/60 or ≤6/12), with visual impairment due to center-involved diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Patients were randomized into three treatment groups:(I) intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy (n=42), (II) intravitreal bevacizumab combined with laser (n=35), (III) laser monotherapy (n=35). Bevacizumab injections were given for 3 initial monthly doses and then pro re nata (PRN) thereafter based on BCVA stability and DME progression. The primary efficacy endpoints were the mean change in BCVA and central retinal subfield thickness (CRST) from baseline to month 12.Bevacizumab monotherapy or combined with laser were superior to laser monotherapy in improving mean change in BCVA letter score from baseline to month 12 (+8.3 and +11.3 vs +1.1 letters; both p<0.0001). There were significant difference detected between the bevacizumab and bevacizumab combined with laser treatment groups (p=0.004). At month 12, greater proportion of patients gained ≥10 and ≥15 letters and with BCVA letter score >73 (Snellen equivalent: >6/12) with bevacizumab monotherapy (23.8% and 7.1% and 4.8%, respectively) and bevacizumab + laser (57.1% and 28.6% and 14.3%, respectively) versus laser monotherapy. The mean central retinal subfield thickness was significantly reduced from baseline to month 12 with bevacizumab (−124.4 μm) and bevacizumab + laser (−129.0 μm) versus laser (−62.0 μm; both p<0.0001). Conjunctival hemorrhage was the most common ocular events. No endophthalmitis cases occurred.Bevacizumab monotherapy or combined with laser showed superior BCVA improvements over macular laser treatment alone in Mongolian patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema.

Background: Poor laboratory quality can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of patients. To demonstrate the quality and reliability of their services, medical laboratories seek accreditation to ISO 15189. We have initiated a project to assist laboratories in their efforts to obtain the accreditation. Goal: Conduct a gap analysis of the status of preparedness of medical laboratories for accreditation. Materials and Methods: Six laboratories are selected for participation in the project. In the first phase of the project, a gap analysis of the participant laboratories is conducted using an Excel program based on ISO 15189 requirements. Results: The findings reveal that the participant laboratories are the strongest in Organization and management of laboratory, Quality of examination results, Personnel and facility management and in Laboratory information management. The majority of the laboratories are hospital based, and their organization and management are well established and functional mostly due to centralized administrative guidance. The concept of quality control is effectively adapted in medical laboratories, therefore ensuring the quality of examinations and the data management are usually in line with the requirements. Weaker areas include Evaluation and audits, and Document control. Even though the laboratories do conduct evaluations and control, they do not do it regularly and, most importantly, do not keep records routinely, which cause the higher gap rate. Conclusion Policies to meet ISO 15189 requirements are in place in the participant laboratories, but their documentation and records keeping are insufficient.