Background: tuberculosis meningoencephalitis (TBME) is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. The disease had a high mortality rate and severe sequelae if late diagnosis and not timely treatment. However, in recent years, the patients with TBME who was transferred to National Pediatric Hospital Hospital remained to be diagnosed not exactly, affect to treatment outcomes. Objectives: study on the difficulties in diagnosing TBME in children. Subjectives and Method: a descriptive study on 34 children aged 4-14 months diagnosed with TBME at Department of infectious, National Pediatric Hospital from January 2002 to September 2005. Results: 35.29% of the patients were under 1 year old. The suggestive signs and symptoms for diagnosis included BCG\ufffd?scar (50%), tuberculosis exposure (32.4%), weight loss (31.8), fever (100%), vomiting (70.6%), stiff-neck (94.1%), meningeal sign (70.6%), Kernig\u2019s sign (61.8%), positive Tuberculin tests (35.29%) and typical lesions on chest x-rays (11.8%). In cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), mean cell count was 274/mm3 and protein concentration was 1.51g/l. These were hindrances for diagnosing TBME in children. Disease distribution was in both the urban and the rural areas. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations and disease progress are not typical for TBME diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to think about TBME in cases with acute meaningitidis lasting for more than 14 days. PCR will be a very good marker for definite diagnosis.
Meningoencephalitis/ diagnosis ; Tuberculosis ; Meningeal/ diagnosis ; Child ;

To evaluate the diagnosis value of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in meningitis, LDH activity was determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in sera of 125 children suffering from meningitis (51 bacterial meningitis, 38 viral meningitis, and 36 tuberculosis meningitis) and 33 normal children. In blood, LDH activity elevated significantly in bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis in comparison with control group (p<0.05), but slightly in tuberculosis meningitis. However, no statistical difference between 3 groups has been found. So, LDH in blood might be not helpful in the practical diagnosis. In the CSF, LDH activity in meningitis elevated significantly in comparison with control group (p<0.001). There is highly statistically difference of activities between 3 groups. LDH activity in CSF is useful in the differential diagnosis of meningitis
Meningitis ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; diagnosis

The diagnosis of the acute septic meningitis in children based on the clinical manifestations such as acute infectious syndrome, meninx syndrome, brain stimulation, and cerebrospinal fluid tests. The clinical classification based on the age and causative bacteria's. It should distinguished diagnose the acute infectious meningitis with the meningitis due to other causes such as tuberculosis meningitis, viral meningitis, brain abscess, extradural abscess. The suggestive signs comprised the rash, local infection and nasal sneezing or ear sneezing.
Meningitis, Aseptic ; child

The treatment of the septic meningitis in children comprised the antibiotic therapy and support therapy. There were 2 antibiotic therapies including experience and specific therapies for septic meningitis. The clinical practice and the antibiotic therapy should base on the risk of infection as age and clinical classification. The specific antibiotic therapy was applied when causative microbial identified according to the antibiogram or standard antibiotic therapy. The support therapy involved the anti-inflammatory, intracranial antihyperpressure. The disease prevention involved the chemoprophylaxis and immunoprophylaxis such as immunization.
Meningitis, Aseptic ; child

To evaluate the diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bacterial meningitis (BM) and viral meningitis (VM), LDH was determined simultaneously in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in sera of 89 children suffering from meningitis (51 BM and 38 VM) by 3 time (acute phase, 7-10 days later, and recovering period). Control group consists of 33 normal children. In blood, LDH activity was always elevated, statistically different from control group (p<0.05) but these was no difference between BM and VM. So LDH in sera isn't helpful in the differential diagnosis between BM and VM. In contrast, LDH activity in CSF was highly statistical difference from control group (p<0.001) and there was statistical different between BM and VM. Therefore, LDH activity in CSE has great value in the differential diagnosis between BM and VM; it possesses prognostic value in BM.
Meningitis ; cerebrospinal fluid ; blood ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Viral

Viral meningitis is an infected central nervous system, common in children. There are many causes of disease with different incidences depended on the climate, geographical position. The most causes are Enterovirus, Arborvirus... Diagnosis is based on epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical factors. There isn't specific treatment, only managements of symptoms, so preventive methods such as immune prevention, isolation... are very important
Meningitis, Viral ; Nervous System ; child

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred at the end of 2019, especially the fourth wave in Vietnam, has affected the world not only in terms of economy, society, and physical health but also affected the mental health of population in general and of medical students in particular. The use of different coping methods may be protective or risk factors for mental health problems. Objectives: 1. To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among medical students during the Covid -19 pandemic 2. To describe several coping behavior among medical students during the pandemic. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 2350 students of medicine programme range from the first year to the sixth year in the school year 2021 - 2022 at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Using the DASS-21 scale to survey anxiety, depression and stress in research subjects and a self-designed questionnaire to describe the coping methods of medical students. Results: out of 2350 sample, the prevelance of depression, anxiety, and stress was 38%, 33.2%, and 17% respectively. 13.8% had both anxiety and stress, 15.4% had both stress and depression, and 12.8% had a combination of anxiety, depression and stress. Coping behavior was commonly selected including: eating and sleeping regularly as usual (68.1%); doing exercise at home at least 5 days/week and 30 minutes/day (23.9%); 36.5% of students performed their favorite activities under appropriate conditions most of the time or often. In addition, 59.7% of students had learn new things on the internet, 4.5% of students had practiced meditation and relaxation, 2.9% of students had chosen to write a diary and things they were grateful for; 32% had still maintain contacted with friends via video calls, text messages and 34.4% had chosen to participate in volunteer activities. Conclusion: This study highlights a high rate of anxiety, stress and depression among medical students during the fouthth wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Personal lifestyle changes and social activities were amongst the most comon coping behavior reported.