The bioequivalence of two formulations (reference and Vietnamese tested formulation) of racemic chlorpheniramine combined with phenylpropanolamine was assessed in an open-labeled, randomized, crossover two-period study in 12 healthy Vietnamese males aged between 22 and 43 years old, weight between 48kg and 72kg. All 12 subjects received both formulations after an overnight fast and a 7 day wash-out period. Plasma samples were collected up to 168 hours. Plasma concentrations of total chlorpheniramine and individual enantiomers were determined with a validated chiral HPLC method and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a model independent analysis. Bioequivalence was assessed by several different published statistical methods (ANOVA, Confidence Interval, Westlake, and Schuirmann). Results showed that bioequivalence may depend on the statistical and analytical methods used
Chlorpheniramine ; Therapeutic Equivalency

The enantiomers of chlopheniramine were determined separately in plasma by using a coupled achiral-chiral chromatographic system. The two enantiomers of the studied compound and the internal standard were separated from the biological matrix on a cyanopropyl column and reinjected into a chiral amylose AD column where the two enantiomers were separated and quantified by UV detection. The method was validated for chlorpheniramine within the range 0-20ng/ml.
Chlorpheniramine ; Plasma

Authors carried out a prospective study during a six months period. Thirty-one NUTIs were recorded in 487 patients, with the incidence of 6.4%. Urinary catheters were the most important risk factors with a relative risk (RR=12.2) (p<0.01). Diabetes, female sex, cerebral vascular accident, advanced age were the major risk factors (RR=5.0; 2.18; 2.0; respectively) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the mean duration (> 7 days) and the frequency of catheterization (>=2) could rise significantly the rate of NUTIs (p<0.01). For infected patients, the mean hospital stay was twice as long (20.7+/-5.2 days versus 10.1+/-0.5 days, p<0.05). In eight patients, 2 causative agents were isolated (25.8%) and Gram-negative bacilli existed in 95% of cases. The results also showed that isolates were resistance to usual antibiotics, especially we have determined, by disc diffusion method, 8/37 spectrum Beta-lactamases producing enterobacters. These results confirm the importance of NUTIs and the priority for prevention of all nosocomial urinary tract infections
Urinary Tract Infections ; epidermiology

Through 72 biopsy samples of stomach mucous membrane collected via endoscopy from patients seen at Trung Vuong Emergency hospital, experimenting rapid urease test and PCR were used to discover pathogenic H.pylori. Result: pylori test results are positive in 51.39% and negative in 48.61%, PCR test provided positive result in 54.17% and negative result in 45.83%. Pylori test is a rapid, simple and cheap. It does not required laboratory and is suitable for common situation of hospitals, medical centers in district level. PCR test is more sensitive so it should be deployed in big hospitals. Conformity rate between pylori test and PCR gains 86.11%, whereas inconformity rate between two tests is 13.89%
Helicobacter pylori ; Diagnosis

Isomeric selectivity of chlorpheniramine in period of binding to protein was demonstrated on serum, plasma used anticoagulant agent citrate- phosphate- dextrose (CPD) anticoagulant agent, albumin solution and refined α- glycoprotein acid solution. The binding rate to protein of optical isomer S(+)-chlorpheniramine is always higher than R(-)-chlorpheniramine with total serum protein (38% vs. 23%), total plasma protein (26% vs. 23%), albumin (20% vs. 15%) and α- glycoprotein acid (23% vs. 5%)
Chlorpheniramine ; Blood Proteins

Chlorpheniramine (CPAM) is a chiral antihistaminic drug commercialized as a racemic mixture. The intestinal investigated in rat using in vitro experiment. Experiments showed that the absorption is not stereoselective. Moreover, the in vitro metabolism of CPAM are not modified by modulator of P-glycoprotein and cytochromes P450
Chlorpheniramine ; Glycoproteins ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Animal Experimentation

Bioequivalents of two preparations composing of Ranitidine. A randomised crossover controlled single dose study was performed on 18 healthy volumteers (9 males and 5 females) aged from 22 to 40 years old. For each subject of each preparation 1 tablet composing of 150mg of ranitidine was administered orally. Plasma levels of ranitidine were evaluated by HPLC. The dissolution rate of different preparations showed that their properties were similar. Bioequivalent was evalnated statistacally (by diverse methods as ANOVA, confidence interval, West lke and Schurimann). No significant difference in plasma level of these 2 preparations was reforted. No side effect was noted
Ranitidine ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Basing on common chemical reactions, thin layer chromato graphy, absouptive ultraviolet spectrum some parameters were determined for preparation containing benzodiazepine in HCM City. The efficiency of extraction of benzodiazepan in 6 self made sample: Rhino sweet drink, coca-cola, combined food, soya milk, 333 beer and urine. Results found 17 active substances of diazepine group in 131 specialities of commercial propriatary name in HCM City, where diazepam had accounted higher rate in narcotic intoxixation cases. In criminal cases involved in tranquillisant narcotics, the most common substance were diazepan, flunitrazepan, clonazepan, bromazepan, alprazolam, clorazepat, oxazepan and nor-diazepan
Benzodiazepines ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Chemistry

Chlopheniramine (chlorphenamine) is a racemic antiallergic antihistaminic H1 drug presenting 2 enantioners. The bioequivalence of two sustained-released formulations of racemic chlopheniramine combined with phenylpropanolamine was assessed firstly, in a dissolution test in vitro according to USP requirements. The present work compares in vitro dissolution rates of two formulations of chlopheniramine maleate. The two formulations are equivalent in vitro, both in a water medium or in a SGF/SIF medium. The pH is not a critical parameter affecting drug release and allows to use purified water for chlopheniramine dissolution test
Chlorpheniramine ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Histamine H1 Antagonists

The study was carried out on 18 healthy volunteers (9 men and 9 women), from 21 - 36 years old, all of them don’t be alcohol and smoke addiction. The result: in the experience condition, the plasma concentration of amoxcilin while using 1000mg tablet, 2 times/24 hours is higher than dose 500mg, 3 times/24 hours for both tablet and capsule. The treatment regimen based on 500mg tablet, 3 times/24 hours ensures more rapid absorption than on 500mg capsule, but it don’t change the bioavailable and the bioequivalence of drug
Biological Availability ; Amoxicillin ; Therapeutics