Study on 219 infertility patients treated at Tu Du Hospital from September 2002 to May 2003, in order to evaluate the validity of hysterosalpinggography (HSG) for the diagnosis of tubal occlusion by direct laparoscopic assessment of tubal patent degree. The results showed that: HSG is valuable for the diagnosis of proximal tubal occlusion with the specificity of 72.24% and the negative predictive value of 96.4%. HSG is also considered as a screening test for the diagnosis of distal tubal occlusion with the sensitivity of 88.55% and the positive predictive value is 76.66%
Sterilization, Tubal ; Diagnosis

A study was carried out from March 2002 to May 2005 at Tu Du Hospital included 230 patients with infertility due to tubo-peritonitis to investigate the relation between the degrees of tubal damage and the out come of pregnancy after tuboplasty. Results: the intrauterine pregnancy rate in group without tubal damage (simple adnexal adhesion), with I degree, II degree, III degree was 54.09%, 39.81%, 15.57% and 4.88%, respectively and this difference is statistic significant (p=0.001). Proportion between ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy increase progressively depending to degree of tubal damage, 012, 038, 055 and 0199 respectively. Conclusion: the degrees of tubal damage related significantly to intrauterine pregnancy probability after tuboplasty.
Infertility ; Pregnancy

A prospective cohort research was carried out from 3/2002 to 5/2005 at Tu Du hospital included 230 patients with infertility due to distal tubal occlusion and adnexal adhesion to assess the efficiency of tubosplasty and peritoneal adhelysis over a followed –up period of 17 to 38 moths. results: Rate of intrauterine pregnancy is 31.42% and pregnancy may be occurred until the 30th month of post operation while risk of ectopic pregnancy is 11% and it may be just occurred within 20 months of post operation. Conclusion: Laparoscopy plays an important role in treatment of infertility due to tubo-peritoneum. Fallopian tube is able villus genesis and instrinct-repair; however, treatment must be considered depending to stage of tubal-peritoneal damage to decrease risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Infertility ; Therapeutics ; Laparoscopy

The study was carried out on 219 infertility patients having hysterosalpingography (HSG) before surgery at Tu Du Hospital from Sept 2002 to May 2003 to evaluate the validity of HSG for the diagnosis of proximal and distal tubal occlusion. Results: HSG is highly valuable for diagnosis of proximal tubal patency, in case with proximal tubal occlusion it should be referred to laparoscopy. The role of HSG for diagnosis of distal tubal occlusion without hydrosalpinx is limited. In contrast, HSG is highly valuable in diagnosis of hydrosalpinx
Sterilization, Tubal ; Diagnosis ; Hysterosalpingography

The prospective cohort research was carried out on 167 patients with infertility due to distal tubal occlusion and peritoneal damage. Results showed that tubal damage was almost combined with adnexal adhesion (84.62 - 92.31%), only adnexal adhesion was one cause of infertility(15.38%). Tuboplasty laparoscopy was effective with intrauterine pregnancy rate was 18.35% and ectopic pregnancy rate was 1.9%, these gestations were obtained very early following the operation. After laparoscopy, pregnancy were obtained early, got the peak at the first year (96.88%) and then decreased progressively by the time
Laparoscopy ; Peritoneal Diseases

A study was carried out from March 2002 to May 2005 at Tu Du hospital included 230 patients with infertility due to distal tubal occlusion and adnexal adhesion to investigate some factors relating to infertility. The results showed that there were only two factors of married and infertility duration that related statistic significantly to tubal damage (p=0.000 and p=0.014, respectively). Therefore, the prevention for risk factors causing pelvic infection is important, and couples with infertility should be diagnosed and treated early
Sterilization, Tubal

Background: Recently Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus type 1 has surfaced and is co-circulated with JE virus type 3 in the northern areas of Viet Nam, so a sensitivity of JE viral antigen genotype 3 to detect IgM is required. Objectives: To compare the sensitivity of JE viral antigen genotype 1 and 3 to detect IgM against the JE virus. Materials and method: 783 cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from viral encephalitis cases from 1999-2005 were collected and examined by MAC-ELISA for JE viral antigen genotype 1 and 3. Results: The agreement on the diagnosis of these kinds of antigen was 99.7% and the sensitivity of JE viral antigen genotype 3 was higher than that of genotype 1. Thus, JE viral antigen genotype 3 could be considered as the selected antigen for JE diagnosis in Viet Nam. IgM titer determined by JE viral antigen genotype 1 was higher than that of genotype 3 in 2003 and 2005 and lower in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004. Conclusion: The dominant phenomenon of JE viral genotypes differing over the years might be due to the interaction of the virus and its vectors. Further study is required to clarify this observation.
Japanese Encephalitis ; antigen

Background: In recent year, Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) genotype 1 has been detected among isolates from mosquitoes and pig\u2019s blood samples in northern Viet Nam, but there has been no information on the presence of this genotype in the Central, Southern and Highland regions. Objectives: This study aims to detect the Japanese encephalitis genotype 1 in various different geographic regions of Viet Nam. Material and method: Sequence analysis\u2019s of whole E gene of 18 strains isolated from human, mosquitoes and pig\u2019s blood during 2001-2007. Results: 7 strains isolated from pig\u2019s blood and mosquito samples in the Northern, Central, Southern and Highland fell into genotype 1, but 11 others isolated from humans in the Northern and Central regions belonged to genotype 3. Conclusion: This is the first time that JEV genotype 1 was detected in the central, northern, highland Viet Nam and further studies on genotype 1 causing human diseases needs to be carried out.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Virus ; Japanese Encephalitis ; genotype 1 ; E gene.

Background: Mosquitoes and pigs play important roles in maintaining and increasing the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus in nature and which is then transmitted to humans. Thus, surveillance of the JE infection frequency in the pig population may predict the human JE cases. \r\n', u'Objectives: The study aimed to determine IgG antibody against the JE virus in the pig population in Hanam province \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study included 1791 pig serum samples collected from 3 districts of Hanam province from Apr 2006 to Mar 2007. GAC-ELISA technique was used to determine the JE virus infection in the swine population.\r\n', u'Results: The average positive rate in pig population was 34.9 % (626/1791); with the highest frequency occurring in the summer (37.7%- 84.0 %), co-incident with the JE season in Northern Vietnam. On the contrary, in winter JE case are rare, frequency of IgG antibody against JE virus in the swine population was low, ranging from 9.2% to 22.0.%. \r\n', u'Conclusions: These results have shown the ecologically close relationship between the amplification of the JE virus in the swine population, vector and JE cases in northern Vietnam. \r\n', u'
Japanese encephalitis ; pig population ; GAC-ELISA.

Background: IgM antibody capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) technique has been widely applied for Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) diagnosis. So far rare internationally commercial kits are available. Thus, the international evaluation of the kit is required as per the recommendation of the WHO. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of the IgM antibody capture ELISA diagnostic kit for JEV produced by the Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE). Subjects and method: In this study, NIID kit was used as control to check the kit from NIHE. Both NIHE and NIID kits were used to detect JEV IgM among 38 serum and 6 CFS samples, which belongs to 5 sample groups (JE patients group, dengue patients group, other viral encephalitis patients group, Tick Born Encephalitis (TBE) patient group and healthy JE vaccinated donors group). Results: The detection of JEV IgM by NIHE kit was concurrent with the NIID kit. There is no positive with the JE in the groups of Dengue patients, TBE, other virus encephalitis patients and JE vaccinated donors. Conclusion: MAC-ELISA kit of NIHE can be used for different diagnosis of JEV and Dengue virus (both viruses are in Flavivirus genus), as well as other viruses caused by encephalitis.
IgM antibody ; ELISA diagnostic kit ; Japanese encephalitis virus