This paper examines WHO's involvement in South Korea within the context of the changing organization of public health infrastructure in Korea during the years spanning from the end of the Japanese occupation, through the periods of American military occupation and the Korean War, and to the early years of the Park Chung Hee regime in the early 1960s, in order to demonstrate how tuberculosis came to be addressed as a public health problem. WHO launched several survey missions and relief efforts before and during the Korean War and subsequently became deeply involved in shaping government policy for public health through a number of technical assistance programs, including a program for tuberculosis control in the early 1960s. This paper argues that the principal concern for WHO was to start rebuilding the public health infrastructure beyond simply abolishing the remnants of colonial practices or showcasing the superiority of American practices vis-à-vis those practiced under a Communist rule. WHO consistently sought to address infrastructural problems by strengthening the government's role by linking the central and regional health units, and this was especially visible in its tuberculosis program, where it attempted to take back the responsibilities and functions previously assumed by voluntary organizations like the Korea National Tuberculosis Administration (KNTA). This interest in public health infrastructure was fueled by WHO's discovery of a cost-effective, drug-based, and community-oriented horizontal approach to tuberculosis control, with a hope that these practices would replace the traditional, costly, disease-specific, and seclusion-oriented vertical approach that relied on sanatoria. These policy imperatives were met with the unanticipated regime change from a civilian to a military government in 1961, which created an environment favorable for the expansion of the public health network. Technology and politics were intricately intertwined in the emergence of a new infrastructure for public health in Korea, as this case of tuberculosis control illustrates.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Global Health ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Korean War ; Military Personnel ; Occupations ; Politics ; Public Health ; Religious Missions ; Tuberculosis ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is well-established that neurogenesis continues to occur during life in the restricted brain areas, such as the glomerular and granule cell layers of the olfactory bulb. Doublecortin is a protein required for neuronal migration in the developing brian and olfactrory bulb, and is expressed in postmitotic migrating and differentiating neurons during embryonic and postnatal development periods. We investigated age-related changes of doublecortin positive cells in the olfactory bulb of aged rat compared with new born rat. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Four months old (control group, n=7) and 24 months old (aged group, n=7) male Fischer 344 rats were used in this study. Olfactory bulbs of the rats were cut into 40 micro m-thick coronal sections and immunostained. We counted the doublecortin positive cells and neurofibrils, and measured the optical density of doublecortin by layer. We compared the results between the aged group and the control group. RESULTS: In the olfactory bulbs of aged group, we observed less doublecortin positive cells, neurofibrils and lower optical density than the control group. Doublecortin is expressed during life in migratory neuroblasts of the olfactory bulb of the rats. This expression is reduced in the aged group and the reduced degree is variable according to the layer. CONCLUSION: Age-related changes of the olfactory bulb are associated with the reduction of postnatal neurogenesis, especially during the migration and differentiaion stages. This changes result in reduction of interneurons of the olfactory bulb, and may be responsible for the decreased olfactory function.
Aging ; Animals ; Brain ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Interneurons ; Male ; Neurofibrils ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Olfactory Bulb* ; Rats*