0.05). The notch width index was 0.24?0.05. There was no correlation between the notch width index and the height (r=-0.11), the body weight (r=-0.13), and the age (r=-0.28). Conclusion The notch-view radiographs with 45? flexion of the knee can satisfactorily show the shape and the width of the intercondylar notch. The notch width and the notch width index of the normal knee are (18.9?4.8) mm and 0.24?0.05, respectively. The height and the body weight can′t be used to predict the notch width. The study supplies the radiographic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases related with the femoral intercondylar notch.

Objective To study the mechanism of hypoxia inducing factor-1α(HIF-1α)pathway in establishment of hypoxia inducing low endometrial receptivity.Methods RL95-2 cell lines.the ideal model of study ER,were cultured in hypoxia condition induced by CoCl2,and the expression of mRNA and protein of HIF-1α and tumor necrosis factor like weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK)were measured by reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow eytometry.Then the mechanism confirmed by comparing the two factors in endometrium and the ultra-appearance of inflammatory reaction and apoptosis between recurrent spontaneous abortion women and control women.Results (1)On difierent time point(0,12,24,48 hour),mRNA expression of HIF-1α were 0.272±0.010,0.354±0.020,0.591±0.020.0.890±0.020,while the expression of TWEAK were 0.104±0.010,0.510±0.020,1.021±0. 020, 1. 237 +0. 040, respectively, the expression level between 12, 24, 48 and 0 hour all showed significant differences (P＜0. 05 ). (2) Protein expression of HIF-1α were 0. 853 +0. 010, 0. 931 ±0. 030,1. 124±0.010, 1.317±0.0 20 respectively, while was 0.042±0.010, 0.091 ±0.010, 0. 131±0.020,0. 205 ±0. 030 in TWEAK expression, the different level were statistically significant ( P＜0. 05 ). ( 3 )With longer culture under hypoxia, the cell apoptosis rate increased obviously. The apoptosis rate of each time point were ( 3.2±1.4 ) %, ( 16. 2 ±3.2 ) %, ( 26. 3±3.5 ) %, ( 31.8±3.5 )%, the differences between 12, 24, 48 and 0 hour had significance (P ＜0. 05). (4) The positive rate of HIF-1α stained in epithelium cells and stroma cells of test group were 32. 3%, 8.4% and 16. 7%, 7. 3% in control group. The positive rate of TWEAK were 28. 3%, 3.9% in recurrent spontaneous abortion group and 11.6%, 2. 7% in control group ( P ＜0. 05 ). The ultra-appearance of inflammatory cell infiltrated and apoptosis were obvious in test group. Conclusions Cell inflammation reaction and apoptosis induced by HIF-1α pathway may participate the mechanism of hypoxia inducing low endometrial receptivity. HIF-1α might become a novel target for improving poor endometrial receptivity.

Objective · To investigate whether the quality of embryos will result in biochemical pregnancy or arrest of embryo development in the freezing and thawing cycles of in-vitro fertiliazation-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods · The clinical data of patients who accepted IVF-ET in Center of Reproductive Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively studied. The data includes 115 cycles of biochemical pregnancy, 64 cycles of arrest of early embryonic development and 871 cycles of ongoing pregnancy after frozen thawed embryo transfer. We compared the embryo score on the third day after embryo transfer (D3), the blastocyst development rate and the blastocyst grade in the three groups. Results · There were no significant differences in the period of infertility, the age of the patients and their spouses, the endometrial thickness, the estrogen and progestogen levels of the day of transplantation among the three groups (P > 0.05). The scores of most frozen thawed embryos on D3 were from 6 to 8, and the scores were not statistically significant among the three groups (P > 0.05). The proportion of transplanted blastocyst on D5 was higher than that on D6 in the three groups, but there was no significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of inner cell mass of blastocysts which were scored as Grade A&B or Grade C among the three groups. Nevertheless, in the arrest of early embryonic development group, the proportion (52.2%) of the trophoblast of blastocysts which were cored as Grade C was significantly higher than the proportion (35%) in biochemical pregnancy group and the proportion (29.3%) in ongoing pregnancy group (P<0.05). Conclusion · The quality of embryos is not necessarily related to biochemical pregnancy, but the score of trophoblastic may be related to the arrest of early embryo growth.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli ( E. coli) producing a novel Shiga toxin 2k subtype in goat in Lanling county, Shandong province. Methods:In November 2019, 512 goat fecal samples were collected from different households in Lanling county, Shandong province. After enriched with EC broth, stx-positive samples were detected by PCR and inoculated in CHROMagar? ECC agar and CHROMagar? STEC agar. The whole genomes of stx-positive strains were sequenced. Based on the genomic senquences, the stx subtype, serotype, multi-locus sequence type and virulence genes of each strain were analyzed. Results:Eighty-six strains of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were isolated from 512 goat fecal samples. Five stx subtypes were identified and 37 strains were positive for stx2k. The 86 STEC strains belonged to 20 O∶H serotypes and 18 different sequence types (STs). Conclusions:STEC strains circulating in goats in Lanling county, Shandong province were heterogeneous in stx subtypes, serotypes and virulence gene profiles, and a certain proportion of strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2k subtype were detected.

To improve the standard of quality control of tazobactam and its preparations in China, national reference standard of tazobactam impurity A was developed. After tazobactam impurity A was synthesized, its structure was validated by infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and its content uniformity and short-term stability were measured and investigated. Then, water content and residue on ignition of impurity A were determined, and its purity was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution-acetonitrile (98∶2) as the mobile phase. Mass balance method was used to determine the content of the first batch of tazobactam impurity A national standard substance. Meanwhile, nuclear magnetic quantitative method was used to calculate the content, which was mutually verified with the mass balance method. The developed reference material of tazobactam impurity A is consistent with the maximum degradation impurity in tazobactam system applicability solution and the reference material of tazobactam related substance A contained in USP41. Within the 95% confidence range, the ratio of inter- and intra-bottle variance of impurity A after separation was 0.61 (< F0.05(11,12)), proving that the uniformity was satisfying. The contents of organic impurity, water content and inorganic impurity in impurity A were 0.90%, 1.24% and 0.25%, respectively. The content of impurity A was determined to be 97.6% by mass balance method, which was basically consistent with the result of nuclear magnetic quantitative method (97.1%). Under the condition of 25 °C, the area normalized purity of impurity A was 99.1% at 0, 3, 5 and 10 days, proving that the sample was stable at room temperature for 10 days. Finally the first batch of national standard substance of tazobactam impurity A was established successfully.

Objective To investigate characteristics of Treponema pallidum (Tp)-induced macrophage-derived exosomes and its effect on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).Methods Tp strains were collected from the testis of male rabbit,which were infected with Tp (Nichols strain).The human mononuclear macrophages (THP-1) were induced into macrophages by incubation with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA),and then the macrophages were divided into 2 groups:experimental group incubated with Tp for 12 hours followed by 48-hour normal culture,and control group receiving normal culture.After the treatment,exosome suspensions were collected,and exosomes were extracted by differential centrifugation and exoEasy Maxi Kit.Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analyses were performed to identify the exosomes,and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was conducted to measure the diameters and concentrations of exosomes.In vitro cultured HUVECs were divided into 3 groups,which were cultured with the 10 μl of suspensions containing exosomes derived from Tp-stimulated macrophages at a concentration of 4.5 × 108/ml (experimental group),10 μl of suspensions containing exosomes derived from untreated macrophages at a concentration of 4.5 × 108/ml (control group),and 10 μl of exosome eluents (exosome eluent group),respectively.After the treatment,confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to observe the phagocytosis of exosomes of HUVECs,and cell counting kit-8 to evaluate the proliferative activity of HUVECs.Results The exosomes were saucer-like microvesicles with diameters of 30-100 nm under the transmission electron microscope.Western blot analyses showed that membrane proteins CD63,CD9 and CD81 were abundantly expressed by exosomes.Under the same conditions,NTA revealed that there were no significant differences in the particle diameter (u =1.90,P ＞ 0.05) and concentration of exosomes (Z =-1.604,P =0.109) between the experimental group and the control group.After co-culture with HUVECs for 5 hours,confocal laser scanning microscopy showed scatteredly distributed exosomes with green fluorescence in the HUVECs in the experimental group and control group.After 12-hour co-culture with the exosome suspensions,the proliferative activity of HUVECs was significantly higher in the experimental group and the control group than in the exosome eluent group (both P ＜ 0.05).After 24-and 48-hour treatment with exosome suspensions,the proliferative activity of HUVECs in the control group was still significantly increased compared with that in the exosome eluent group,and peaked at 48 hours (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,there were no significant differences in the proliferative activity of HUVECs between the experimental group and exosome eluent group at 24 and 48 hours (both P ＞ 0.05).At 72 hours,no significant differences in the proliferative activity of HUVECs were observed among the experimental group,the control group and the exosome eluent group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The exosomes secreted by THP-1 cells-derived macrophages evidently increased the proliferative activity of HUVECs within 48 hours,which peaked at 48 hours.After the stimulation with Tp,the exosomes secreted by THP-1 cells-derived macrophages were similar to those without Tp stimulation in morphology,size and concentration,and only increased the proliferative activity of HUVECs within 12 hours.