A single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare congenital anomaly, which is often associated with myocardial ischemia. We report a SCA consisting of an anomalous right coronary artery originating from the distal left circumflex artery diagnosed by coronary angiography and multidetector computed tomography angiography.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels ; Microvascular Angina ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Myocardial Ischemia

OBJECTIVETo identify the position of traditional herbal medicine in dementia research field using mapping technology.

METHODSKeywords for dementia and traditional herbal medicine for treating dementia were used to extract scientific articles from the Web of Science database from January 2000 to July 2010. A co-occurrence matrix was created based on the concurrent set of author's keywords occurring in each scientific article, and technology network maps were created from similarity index matrices.

RESULTSTwenty specialized research areas were identified in the dementia field, and the relationship strength was 0.2-0.6. Many research fields were associated with diagnosis and risk factors for dementia. Additionally, the mechanism or cause of dementia is an actively studied field. Traditional herbal medicine for treating dementia was located on a map near the cortical dementia diagnosis and therapy, and frontotemporal dementia research field with a relationship strength of 0.53 and 0.31-0.33 respectively, which demonstrates that traditional herbal medicine for dementia occupies an independent research area with a relationship to existing scientific research fields.

CONCLUSIONTraditional herbal medicine can provide an alternative and complementary approach for treating dementia as evidenced by a scientific mapping analysis.

Neurofibromatosis type I is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene. Although it is characterized by a number of distinct clinical features, including cafe au lait macules, freckling in the axillary or inguinal regions, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules (iris harmartomas), it can affect all physiological systems in the body [1]. Neurofibromatosis-related pulmonary hypertension has also been reported, and some patients showed a poor prognosis despite having received proper medical treatment [2-4]. We herein describe a case of pulmonary hypertension in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I who had no identified risk factors of pulmonary hypertension. To our knowledge, this is the first such report in Korea.
Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Korea ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

Neurofibromatosis type I is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene. Although it is characterized by a number of distinct clinical features, including cafe au lait macules, freckling in the axillary or inguinal regions, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules (iris harmartomas), it can affect all physiological systems in the body [1]. Neurofibromatosis-related pulmonary hypertension has also been reported, and some patients showed a poor prognosis despite having received proper medical treatment [2-4]. We herein describe a case of pulmonary hypertension in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I who had no identified risk factors of pulmonary hypertension. To our knowledge, this is the first such report in Korea.
Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Korea ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

A 48-year-old male visited the emergency room of the authors' hospital due to nausea, vomiting, and myalgia for four days. Acute hepatitis A was identified from the serologic marker of the hepatitis A virus. Mild elevation of the serum creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) suggested rhabomyolysis, which was confirmed with the serum aldolase, myoglobin, and urine myoglobin. With supportive care, both the liver and renal functions were recovered gradually and fully. This case shows that rhabdomyolysis can be one of the mechanisms of renal complication in cases of acute symptomatic hepatitis A.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Creatinine ; Emergencies ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A virus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoglobin ; Nausea ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Vomiting

Arterial remodeling is commonly observed in human atherosclerosis. It is a heterogeneous response ranging from positive remodeling to negative remodeling. Negative remodeling is a condition in which the vessel area decreases in size, often as a result of a structural change in the coronary vessel wall. But its contribution to myocardial ischemia in a de novo lesion has not been clearly shown. A 51-year-old female with exertional angina was admitted to our hospital. Coronary angiography was performed, revealing a severe stenosis at the middle part of the right coronary artery (RCA). Although we predilated ballooning at the middle RCA, the degree of stenosis did not improve. Thus intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed. The lesion was not nearly showed plaque burden and severe negative remodeling. Though the cross-sectional narrowing percentage was significant, we decided to medical treatment for fearing coronary perforation by stenting. This case report intends to emphasize that severe coronary stenosis should be performed IVUS before the stenting. We describe a rare case with severe negative remodeling at the middle part of the RCA without atheroma plaque.
Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Stents

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy with which electron beam tomography (EBT) and 99m Tc-MIBI scanning measure myocardial perfusion valve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two subjects [normal volunteers (n = 6), patients in whom ischemic heart disease was diagnosed (n = 5), and those in whom ischemic heart disease was suspected but who were found to be normal (n = 11)] were involved in this study. EBT was performed after bolus injection of contrast media (50 ml of Iopamiro 370 or Optiray 350, 3 ml/sec). The myocardium was divided into 16 segments according to the classification devised by the American Society of Echocardiography, and each myocardial perfusion value was calculated by post-image processing. A pharmacologic stress test was performed in all subjects except four patients with acute myocardial infarction, and myocardial perfusion reserve ratios were assessed. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed after the injection of 20 mCi of 99m Tc-MIBI. Any segments with moderate to severe photon defect on visual analysis of SPECT were identified and perfusion values determined by EBT in normal and ischemic segments were compared. RESULTS: No difference in myocardial perfusion was found between volunteers and the suspected group. Their perfusion values were 0.71 +/-0.14 ml/g/min in the resting state and 1.16 +/-0.24 ml/g/min on the stress test and the myocardial perfusion reserve ratio was, therefore, 1:1.68 +/-0.38. In ischemic patients, 99m Tc-MIBI scanning revealed a perfusion defect in 28 segments, and on EBT the measurement obtained was 0.54 +/-0.19 ml/g/min. The remaining 324 perfusion segments shown by SPECT to be normal showed a perfusion value of 0.79 +/-0.22 ml/g/min on EBT. CONCLUSION: Compared with 99mTc-MIBI scanning, the measurement of myocardial perfusion by EBT provides absolute quantification of perfusion value and more detailed anatomic information.
Classification ; Contrast Media ; Echocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Iopamidol ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Perfusion* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed* ; Volunteers

Bloodstain pattern analysis is a forensic discipline that reconstruct events of a crime scene by analyzing sizes, shapes, distributions, positions of bloodstains. Bloodstain pattern can be classified into the low velocity, medium velocity, and high velocity system. Velocities in this system represent the velocity of the wounding agent (the force applied) and not to the velocity of the blood in flight. Thus there is no reference system about the velocity of the blood in flight in the existing bloodstain classification system. Applying bloodstain pattern analysis to the real crime case, we needed to have the reference system of velocities of impact spatter, cast-off spatter, and expectorate spatter. Therefore we measured the velocities of these spatters using high speed camera and we analyzed the results. In this experiments the average velocity of impact spatter that generated by swinging a hammer with all experimenter's strength at the pool of blood is about 4.7 times faster than that of swing cast-off spatter that generated by swinging a red-wat hammer with all experimenter's strength, and about 3.9 times faster than that of expectorate spatter that generated by emitting blood from the mouth with all experimenter's strength. The velocities of cast-off spatter and expectorate spatter, however, showed similar distributions. Our experiments that measure the velocities of droplets of blood spatters in flight under the specific conditions that generated at fastest speed can give some reference to the classification system of velocities of bloodstains which is not distinct up to now, as well as some real bloodshed crime cases.
Crime ; Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique ; Mouth

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the most effective treatment approach by comparing the impacts of various otolith reduction techniques in patients with apogeotropic lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LC-BPPV). Methods: We performed a multicenter randomized prospective study from January to December 2015, involving 72 consecutive patients with apogeotropic LC-BPPV. The patients were divided into three treatment groups: therapeutic head-shaking (group A), the Gufoni-Appiani maneuver (group B), and the cupulolith repositioning maneuver (CuRM; group C). Each group underwent evaluation and treatment up to the fourth week. Treatment success was defined as the disappearance of positional vertigo and nystagmus. Results: This study included 72 patients (49 male and 23 female), with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 55.4±13.5 years. The mean duration of vertigo experienced prior to treatment was 3.9±4.4 days. The mean latency and duration of nystagmus were 2.7±3.0 seconds and 47.9±15.8 seconds, respectively. The overall treatment frequency was 2.0±0.9. The number of treatments differed significantly among the three groups (P<0.05). After 4 weeks, the success rates for groups A, B, and C were 90.5%, 92.3%, and 100%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the success rate across treatment methods and periods (P>0.05). However, CuRM was the only method with a 100% treatment success rate. Conclusion While no clear difference was observed among the three treatments for LC-BPPV, CuRM was found to be superior to the other approaches in the long term.