OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to develop a Web-based education program, My Child's Safety, which includes patient safety education and information on the diagnosis, treatment, and management for caregivers of children with cancer, and to examine the efficacy of the My Child's Safety program in promoting the caregivers' awareness of patient safety. METHODS: A one-group pre- and post-test design was adopted. The participants were the caregivers of children with cancer and were recruited from one pediatric hemato-oncology unit of a tertiary university hospital in a large metropolitan city of South Korea. They were asked to review the Web-based program for patient safety and then complete questionnaires developed to measure the awareness of patient safety among the caregivers. RESULTS: In the study, the total score of the caregivers' awareness of patient safety had increased significantly after Web-based self-learning patient safety education. Also caregivers' awareness of their right to ask and know about procedures and treatments during hospitalization had increased after the program was used. CONCLUSIONS: The Web-based patient safety education program effectively improved the awareness of patient safety and the awareness of the right to know and ask about procedures and treatments during hospitalization among the caregivers. Family caregivers were less likely to ask healthcare professionals questions related to safety.
Caregivers* ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Patient Safety ; Pediatrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Humans ; Outpatients*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to identify eHealth literacy level and to analyze the factors influencing eHealth literacy among middle school students in Korea. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved the administration of a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 799 middle school students. Descriptive statistics were analyzed via an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test the correlations among variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing eHealth literacy. RESULTS: eHealth literacy was substantially lower in students in their first year than in students in their third year of middle school. Participants with asthma, herniated disc, and atopic dermatitis had significantly lower eHealth literacy than those without the diseases. The major finding was that eHealth literacy of middle school students was influenced by their grade and number of diseases diagnosed. eHealth literacy was higher among students in their second and third years of middle school and among those who had fewer diagnosed diseases. CONCLUSIONS: eHealth literacy among adolescents is important for better health outcomes; however, middle school students with diseases had lower eHealth literacy than healthy students. Therefore, efforts to enhance eHealth literacy should focus on adolescents with diseases; moreover, health education in schools and healthcare settings for adolescents should include critical analytical skill development for better eHealth literacy.
Adolescent ; Asthma ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Health Education ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Internet ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Literacy ; Telemedicine

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current level of sleep quality among Korean middle-school students using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 744 middle-school students. The questionnaire included the PSQI and health-related questions, such as the types of diseases they had been diagnosed with and the frequency of hospital admissions. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear multiple regression. Results: The global PSQI score was 4.21, which indicated good sleep quality. The major factors that were associated with the sleep quality of middle-school students were the number of diseases they had been diagnosed with (β=.54, p=.001) and atopic dermatitis (β=.32, p=.001). In addition, asthma and the frequency of hospital admissions were significant factors influencing each component of the PSQI. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that sleep quality was associated with several health-related factors. Thus, nurses, school nurses, and nursing researchers may need to assess the health-related factors associated with adolescents’ sleep quality as part of efforts to improve their sleep quality.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a child abuse prevention education program for parents. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the impact of child abuse prevention education on parents’ response to positive emotion, parenting stress, and potential for child abuse. Methods: A randomized controlled pretest posttest design was used. A total of 60 participants, who were parents with children aged 1~5 and attending 8 nurseries and kindergartens located in Daegu, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The collected data were analyzed by an independent t-test, paired t-test, and χ²-test along with descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Child abuse prevention education for the experimental group included four modules on child rights, understanding child abuse, proper child discipline, and positive parenting attitudes. Results: The experimental group showed a significant difference in positive rumination from the control group (t=2.15, p=.036). The experimental group reported a significant difference in dampening from the control group (t=-2.49, p=.016). Additionally, the experimental group reported a significant difference in parenting stress from the control group (t=-2.12, p=.038) and also reported significant differences in child abuse potential from the control group (t=-2.26, p=.028). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that child abuse prevention education for parents can improve positive rumination, reduce dampening, and reduce parenting stress and child abuse potential. Therefore, this study is useful in demonstrating how parental susceptibility to child abuse can be decreased. Future studies should pursue long-term programs and counseling programs.

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction(ED) is commonly experienced in men with diabetes mellitus. Hypoxia in the penile tissue by vascular complications is regarded as a pathophysiologic factor in diabetic ED. The aim of this study is to investigate whether HIF-1alpha is altered in diabetic penile tissues and whether its alteration may modulate penile expression of VEGF and NOS, which are believed to play a role in diabeteic ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OLETF rats, an animal model for type II diabetes mellitus, and LETO rats, a non-diabetic control group, were used. We analyzed the distribution of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and NOS(eNOS and iNOS) in the isolated corupus cavernosum of both LETO and OLETF rats by immunohistochemicalstaining. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, eNOS, and iNOS were also analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). RESULTS: There was no difference in the concentration of nitrite/nitrate in cavernosal homogenate between LETO rats and OLETF rats. By immunohistochemical staining. HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and iNOS were expressed more abundantly in stain in OLETF rats. By RT-PCR analysis, HIF-1alpha mRNA, VEGF mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression levels were higher in the OLETF rats compared to LETO rats. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that increased HIF-1alpha, VEGF and iNOS expressions in OLETF rat may be associated with microvascular injury in corpus cavernosum. Such microvascular injury is proposed to be associated with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Penis ; Rats* ; Rats, Inbred OLETF ; RNA, Messenger ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of flipped learning in comparison to traditional learning in a surgical nursing practicum. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 102 nursing students in their third year of university who were scheduled to complete a clinical nursing practicum in an operating room or surgical unit. Participants were randomly assigned to either a flipped learning group (n = 51) or a traditional learning group (n = 51) for the 1-week, 45-hour clinical nursing practicum. The flipped-learning group completed independent e-learning lessons on surgical nursing and received a brief orientation prior to the commencement of the practicum, while the traditional-learning group received a face-to-face orientation and on-site instruction. After the completion of the practicum, both groups completed a case study and a conference. The student's self-efficacy, self-leadership, and problem-solving skills in clinical practice were measured both before and after the one-week surgical nursing practicum. RESULTS: Participants' independent goal setting and evaluation of beliefs and assumptions for the subscales of self-leadership and problem-solving skills were compared for the flipped learning group and the traditional learning group. The results showed greater improvement on these indicators for the flipped learning group in comparison to the traditional learning group. CONCLUSIONS: The flipped learning method might offer more effective e-learning opportunities in terms of self-leadership and problem-solving than the traditional learning method in surgical nursing practicums.
Education, Nursing ; Education, Professional ; Humans ; Learning ; Methods ; Nursing ; Operating Rooms ; Perioperative Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: Relaxation of the penile cavernous smooth muscle, which is the main process in penile erection, is controlled by endothelial-derived substances. This study was designed to determine whether aging resulted in altered endothelial autocrine/paracrine function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the distribution of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the isolated corpus cavernosum from both young (12 weeks old) and aged (50 and 80 weeks old) rats by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Vascular mRNA expressions of NOS isoforms and ET-1 were also analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The concentration of nitrite/nitrate in the corpus cavernosum was significantly decreased in aged rats but plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration was not changed by aging. IHC staining revealed that the aged vessels showed a marked IHC staining for inducible NOS (iNOS) although the vessels from 12-week-old rats were negative for iNOS. In contrast, there was a reduction of immunoreactivity for endothelial NOS (eNOS) with aging. With aging, expression of eNOS mRNA was slightly decreased in the corpus cavernosum. However, expression of iNOS mRNA was markedly increased with increasing age. IHC staining for vascular ET-1 peptide in young rats showed a scanty distribution in the endothelial cell layer. However, the staining for ET-1 increased both the endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle layers in the aged rats. mRNA expression of ET-1 gene was upregulated in the aged rats. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the activation of vascular endothelin cascade and alterations in the expression of NOS isoforms may play an important role in the age-dependent, vasculogenic, erectile dysfunction.
Aging ; Animals ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelins ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Penile Erection ; Plasma ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Chest Pain* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Fibromatosis, Gingival* ; Mandible*