The hydrophobicity assay and DNA probe hybridization assay were compared for analysis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC), heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The ETEC isolated from diarrheal patients were serotyped and investigated for the presence of colonization factor antigens CFA/1, CFA/II, CFA/III and CFA/IV with the expression of mannose-resistant hemagglutination(MRHA) and the levels of surface hydrophobicity. The following results were obtained. 1. Out of these 48 strains, 34 strains were found to be positive for LT production by DNA probe hybridization assay. Out of 34 strains, 1 strain was ST producer, 25 strains were LT producers, and 8 strains were produced both ST+LT producers by DNA probe hybridization assay. 2. Out of 34 strains of positive DNA probe hybridization test, 31 strains was positive in the hydrophobicity test. Among strains of positive hydrophobicity test, 20, 1, and 7 strains produced only LT, only ST and both ST-LT, respectively. Screening efficiency for identifying ETEC by salting out test was 82.4% in sensitivity and 78.6% in specificity. For ETEC detection, the hydrophobicity assay was the least sensitive but was simple, rapid and a good substitute for the DNA probe hybridization assay. 4. CFAs were identified in 43.8% of ETEC strains; 2.1% of the CFAs strains with CFAs harbored CFA/I, 29.2% carried CFA/II, 16.7% carried CFA/III and CFA/IV. And 35.4% expressed none of these CFAs. CFA/I was found in ETEC of serotype 0128: K67, CFA/II was 0128: K67, 0142: K+ and 0159: K+, CFA/III was 086a: K15 and 0128: K67, CFA/IV was 0 86a: K15, 0128: K67, 0125: K70 and 0148: K+.
Colon ; DNA* ; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli* ; Enterotoxins ; Escherichia ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions* ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The epidural injection of 4 mg of morphine in a volume of 4 ml, 7 ml, and 10 ml (groups I, II, and III) for post-operative analgesia after Caesarean section(30 patients), was evaluated. Thirty patients received continuous epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine 20 ml, 8.4% bicarbonate 2 ml and epinephrine 1: 200,000. Patients were established to T4 level anesthesia with above local anesthetics, supplemented with 2% lidocaine, when necessary. Each patient received 4 mg of morphine epidurally after delivery of baby. The postoperative pain relief was considered good in all three groups. The duration of of pain relief in each group, I, II, and III was 22.2+/-2.9, 20.6+/-4.6 and 21.6+/-4.2 hours, respectively, which showed no statistical difference between any two youps. The quality of pain relief was almost same, except during 12~18 hours after observation, In tbat period, there was better pain relief in group I than the other two groups (p<0.05). With the result of this study, it might be suggested that we'd better use 4ml of injected volume when we give 4mg of epidural morphine after Caesarean section for postoperative pain control, even though the small difference was seen only after 12~18 hours.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthetics, Local ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pregnancy