The aim of this study was to examine normal bronchi in dogs by using virtual bronchoscopy (VB) and to evaluate the utility of VB in clinical practice. The bronchi of six dogs without tracheobronchial disease were visualized by VB. Airways from the tracheal bifurcation to the lobar bronchi were well visualized in all dogs. Segmental and subsegmental bronchi were also well identified, but the degree and number of those varied with dog size. The mean numbers of segmental and subsegmental bronchi identified in the six dogs were 41.83 and 50.17, respectively, whereas, the mean numbers in medium- and large-sized dogs were 55.00 and 82.67, respectively, and in small-sized dogs, the means were 28.67 and 17.67, respectively. Although there were size-dependent differences in VB visualization of the bronchi, it was possible to identify peripheral airways to the subsegmental bronchi level, which can rarely be accomplished via conventional bronchoscopy. VB is the noninvasive method that can be used to examine bronchial anatomy, and our results suggest that VB can be useful for evaluating bronchi, including segmental and subsegmental ones that cannot be examined routinely by conventional bronchoscopy. Thus, VB has potential as an alternative to conventional bronchoscopy in the examination of bronchi in dogs.
Animals ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy* ; Dogs* ; Methods

Bronchi ; surgery ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Humans

Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; China ; Humans

Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; methods

Child ; Humans ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Biopsy/methods* ; Lung/pathology*

No abstract available.
Bronchial Neoplasms/*surgery ; *Bronchoscopy ; Cryosurgery/*methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*surgery

In cases of multiple facial trauma and other specific cases, the anesthesiologist may be asked to convert an oral endotracheal tube to a nasal endotracheal tube or vice versa. Conventionally, the patient is simply extubated and the endotracheal tube is re-inserted along either the oral or nasal route. However, the task of airway management can become difficult due to surgical trauma or worsening of the airway condition. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was considered a novel method of airway conversion but this method is not useful when there are secretions and bleeding in the airway, or if the anesthesiologist is inexperienced in using this device. We report a successful airway conversion under the aid of both, a fiberoptic bronchoscope and a C-MAC video laryngoscope.
Airway Management ; Bronchoscopes* ; Bronchoscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes* ; Methods

Adolescent ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features of endogenous bronchial foreign bodies and the value of bronchoscopy in children.

METHODSOne hundred and six children who presented lobe or lung segment atelectasis by the chest X-ray and bronchial foreign body inhalation was excluded by bronchoscopy were enrolled. The original diseases included Mycoplasma pneumonia (n=62), endobronchial tuberculosis (n=24), bronchial pneumonia (n=16), nephrotic syndrome (n=2), laryngotracheal bronchitis (n=1) and bronchiolitis (n=1). On the basis of conventional treatment of the original diseases, bronchoscopy was performed in the children. Eighty children with bronchial foreign body inhalation severed as the control group.

RESULTSBronchoscopy showed the properties of endogenous foreign bodies: mucus emboli in 77 cases, cheese substances in 24 cases, dendritic white membrane in 4 cases, thrombosis in 1 case, and flaky pseudomembrane in 1 case. Hyperplasia of granulation tissue was seen in 25 cases. Of the 25 cases, endobronchial tuberculosis as the original disease was found in 22 cases. Mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax occurred in 4 cases in the control group, but none in the endogenous foreign bodies group. The number of bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscopy in the endogenous foreign bodies group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSBronchoscopy is valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of endogenous bronchial foreign bodies.

A foreign body was found in left bronchi of a 8-month infant. A fish bone of 26 mm long was pulled out with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. This kind of surgery done in infant is more challenging than that done in child.
Anesthesia, General ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant