No abstract available.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage*

No abstract available.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Humans ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Silicosis*

PURPOSE: The effect of surfactant treatment on inflammatory cell populations has not been determined. I evaluated the effect of surfactant treatment on a number and distribution of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) from the preterm infants who were dependent on mechanical ventilation over the 1st week of life. METHODS: This study included 8 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) who received surfactant(Exosurf, 67.5mg/kg Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine(DPPC) with a volume of 5 ml/kg, single dose)on their first day of life and 7 preterm infants of similar severity who did not. BALFs were collected on days 2, 3, 5, and 7 after birth. Cell counts were performed from the obtained BALFs, then they were applied to cytospin and Wright stain, and the differentials were calculated on 200 cells. RESULTS: Surfactant treatment had no significant effect on the number of BALF white cells on days 2-7. Polymorphonuclear cell numbers were not different in both groups on days 2 7. Macrophage cell numbers were higher overall in surfactant treated babies compared to those in untreated babies on days 2-7(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Surfactant treatment appeared to accelerate the appearance of macrophages in BALF.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Macrophages ; Parturition ; Respiration, Artificial

BACKGROUND: We can diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum AFB smear and culture, but sputum AFB smear has low sensitivity and culture needs long period, and they are not available in the patients who can not expectorate effectively. Recently developed, PCR is a fast diagnostic tool in tuberculosis, but false positive and false negative are important problems. So, we studied the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear, culture, PCR through the bronchoscopy. METHODS: The 67 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 43 non-pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed with their sputum specimen AFB smear and culture. Also, bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were done, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear, culture and PCR were done. RESULTS: 1) In the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, the sensitivity of sputum AFB smear and culture were 32.8% and 57.4%, respectively. And the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear and culture were 47.8% and 80.6%. respectively. 2) In the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, the sensitivity and the positive predictive value(for predicting a positive culture) of PCR were 80.6% and 81.5%, respectively. 3) In the cases of sputum AFB smear-negative and culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear, culture, PCR, and the positive predictive value(for predicting a positive culture) of PCR were 23.1%, 100%, 88.5%, and 82.4%, respectively. 4) The specificity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PCR was 77.0%. 5) The median number of days between obtaining a specimen and starting therapy was 5 days for sputum AFB smear, 9 days for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear, 26 days for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PCR, 32 days for sputum culture, 56 days for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear and culture are higher than sputum AFB smear and culture. So, the bronchoscopy must be considered for evaluating suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients from whom smears of expectorated sputum do not reveal mycobacteria or from whom no sputum can be obtained. Especially, combined with PCR, it is expected that pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed more rapidly and more accurately, so bronchoalveolar lavage fluid AFB smear and PCR can be helpful in the early treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Early Diagnosis* ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis*

No abstract available.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis has unique symptoms such as hemoptysis, dyspnea and chest pain in associated with menstruation. We experienced a case of parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis with the complaints of catamenial hemoptysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) was performed when catamenial hemoptysis occurred. The BAL fluid showed many erythrocytes, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and sheets of endometrial stromal cells.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Endometriosis* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Macrophages ; Menstruation ; Stromal Cells

OBJECTIVE: To study the influencing factors for the clinical effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis. METHODS: A total of 75 children with MPP and atelectasis were divided into a good response group with 51 children and a poor response group with 24 children according to the clinical effect of BAL treatment. LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical effect of BAL treatment. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and restricted cubic spline model analysis were used to evaluate the value of the course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment in predicting the clinical effect of BAL treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the good response group, the poor response group had a significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a significantly higher proportion of children with atelectasis of two or more lung lobes or stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation, and a significantly longer course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment and azithromycin treatment (P<0.05). The LASSO logistic regression analysis showed that a prolonged course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment (OR=1.23), atelectasis of two or more lung lobes (OR=11.99), and stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation (OR=5.31) were independent risk factors for poor clinical effect of BAL treatment (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the course of disease of ≥11.5 days at the time of BAL treatment suggested a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 54.9%. The restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between the course of disease at the time of BAL treatment and the clinical effect of BAL treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early BAL treatment may have a good clinical effect in children with MPP and atelectasis. Atelectasis of two or more lung lobes and inflammation-induced stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening shown under bronchoscope may indicate a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Child ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Pulmonary Atelectasis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postnasal drip is one of the most common symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and is the main cause of chronic cough. To evaluate the effect of upper airway inflammation defined as CRS on lower bronchial airway, we compared the cytology of nasal secretion (NS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of normal controls and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanying with and without chronic cough normal controls. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Ten patients of CRS with postnasal drip were selected. Five of them had chronic cough and the others not. Five normal controls were selected. NS collected using Juhn's tymanic tap and BALF collected through fiberoptic bronchoscopy were diluted with dithiothreitol and PBS. These samples were centrifused and then cytospin slide was prepared. The cytology of the slides were evaluated under light microscope after Wright stain. To examine neutrophil activity, nitroblue tetrazolium dye (NBT) test was performd. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney Rank Sum W test. RESULTS: In NS, there were no significant differences in the cell populations among coughing, noncoughing, and the normal control group. NBT positivity of coughing (34.2%) and noncoughing (31.5%) groups showed significantly higher than those of controls (8.6%). In BALF of coughing group, the population of macrophages (78.0%) was significantly lower than noncoughing (86.6%) and control (92.8%) groups, and population of lymphocytes (20.8%) was significantly higher than noncoughing (12.6%) and the control (6.4%) groups. In BALF of noncoughing group, the population macrophages was lower and those of lymphocytes were higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CRS enhances increased local immune responses and decreased phagocytic activity of the lower airway. And chronic cough in patients with CRS is thought to be dependent on individual tolerance to cough provocation, not on aspiration of postnasal drip of discharge.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough* ; Dithiothreitol ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Neutrophils ; Nitroblue Tetrazolium ; Sinusitis