Extra-adrenal myelolipomas are extremely rare, especially in bronchus and lung. Up to now, only nine cases of intra pulmonary lesions have been reported all over the world. Here we describe a new discovered pulmonary-bronchus myelolipoma in a 53-year-old man, which is different from the previously reported ones. And we mainly comment on the pathology and diagnosis, comparing with the findings of the extra-adrenal cases reported in Chinese literature.
Bronchial Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelolipoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

Bronchial Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Autologous

In order to elucidate the dynamic changes of oncogene expression in the sequential cascade of squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchial epithelium, hybridization in situ was employed with a biotinylated oncogene probe. The expression of c-myc was localized exclusively in nuclei. While normal bronchial epithelium revealed no discernible clumps of c-myc grains, except occasional grains less than 3 per cell, squamous metaplasia showed increased number of grains and a few clusters of c-myc grains. In dysplasia, c-myc expression was more intensive than in squamous metaplasia. Approximately, 1/3 to 2/3 of tumor cell populations of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung revealed tremendously increased c-myc expression. In addition clumpy grains of c-myc in squamous cell carcinoma appeared more frequently than in squamous metaplasia or dysplasia. The c-myc expression was found to vary between different samples and within each cancer, and not all cancer cells expressed c-myc. These data indicate that c-myc oncogene plays it's role on reprogramming for growth control of cell populations particularly in multistage carcinogenesis and progression of lung cancer. These dynamic alterations of c-myc expression suggest that neoplastic transformation may occur conceivably at the dysplastic phase eventually resulting in carcinoma in situ. This means, in turn, squamous dysplasia is a putative precancerous lesion of the human lung.
Bronchial Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics/pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; DNA ; Humans ; Metaplasia ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes

Adolescent ; Bronchial Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Bronchoscopy ; Hemangioma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To improve our knowledge of primary benign tracheobronchial tumors and increase the early diagnosis rate. Method The clinical and imaging features of 22 patients with benign tracheobronchial tumors were retrospectively analyzed. The lesions were surgically or pathologically confirmed as schwannomas(n=2),lipomas(n=3),hamartomas(n=3),leiomyomas(n=9),inflammatory myofibroblastoma(n=1),and pleomorphic adenomas(n=2).The early symptoms were concealed and atypical,accompanied by misdiagnoses at different time points.The tumors were located at trachea in 5 patients and at bronchus in 17 patients.All lesions manifested as intraluminal growth with mild to moderate enhancement,without thickening of the tracheobronchial wall.They had smooth margins and wide basements.The lesions were cast-shaped and occluded the lumen in 3 cases;in the remaining 19 cases,the lesions appeared as round or oval nodules. Conclusions Primary benign tracheobronchial tumors are rare.Patients with repeated cough and expectoration that respond poorly to treatment should be screened for benign tracheobronchial tumors.On CT,the benign tracheobronchial tumors are small intraluminal nodules with the smooth surface and wide basement,without thickening of the wall.
Bronchi ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Bronchial Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

Endobronchial metastasis from uterine cervix cancer defines a bronchoscopically visible nonpulmonary neoplasm metastatic to the bronchus and histologically identical to cervix cancer. Endobronchial metastasis of uterine cervix cancer is rare, therefore, it is difficult to diagnose without pulmonary symptoms or abnormal radiological findings. Moreover, endobronchial metastasis of a nonpulmonary neoplasm is difficult to differentiate from a primary pulmonary neoplasm. The incidence of endobronchial metastasis is increasing because of the regular use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the longer survival of cancer patients. This study describes our experience of two patients with pulmonary symptoms and abnormal radiologic findings during the follow up of uterine cervix cancer, who were diagnosed as having endobronchial metastasis from uterine cervix cancer, and includes a brief review of related articles.
Adult ; Bronchial Neoplasms/radiotherapy/*secondary ; Bronchoscopy ; Case Report ; Cervix Neoplasms/*pathology ; Female ; Human ; Middle Age ; Palliative Care

A fibroepithelial polyp of the bronchus is a rare, benign, and endobronchial tumor, histologically consisting of fibrovascular stroma covered by normal respiratory epithelium. We report a case of a fibroepithelial polyp arising from the left main bronchus. On CT, a characteristic lobulating contour of the endobronchial nodule was well visualized, which histopathologically represented a typical papillary growth pattern of the nodule. Such a lobulating contour of the nodule might help make a correct diagnosis of this rare disease among other various endobronchial neoplasms.
Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology/*radiography ; Bronchoscopy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/pathology/*radiography ; Polyps/pathology/*radiography ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Endobronchial metastasis (EBM) secondary to extrathoracic malignancies is rare among the various modes of pulmonary metastases. Of the many types of extrathoracic tumors capable of EBM, only one case of EBM from hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported, but radiologic findings were not described. We present the radiologic findings of surgically proven EBM in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. A chest radiograph revealed a tubular mass-like opacity in the right suprahilar region combined with mild volume decrease of the right upper lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy had erroneously led to a diagnosis of endobronchial aspergilloma. The metastatic lesion was manifested as a branching pattern of enhanced endobronchial mass at the anterior segment of the right upper lobe on computed tomography.
Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Female ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Endobronchial metastasis is defined as documented extrathoracic malignancies metastatic to the endobronchus within a bronchoscopically visible range. Although the clinical and radiologic findings of endobronchial metastasis are similar to primary lung cancer, treatment and prognosis may be different. We hereby investigated the clinical, radiologic and bronchoscopic aspects of endobronchial metastases (EBM) in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 43 patients with EBM who underwent bronchoscopic biopsies from June 1991 to December 2009 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea, were analyzed retrospectively. We evaluated clinical, radiologic and bronchoscopic characteristics of EBM. RESULTS: The patients consisted of 27 males and 16 females and their ages ranged from 18 to 77 years. The common primary cancers related to EBM were rectal (16.3%), colon (11.6%), breast (9.3%) and uterine (9.3%) cancers. The mean interval from diagnosis of primary cancer to EBM was 36 months, and the mean survival duration from diagnosis of EBM was 16.1 months in 33 deceased patients. CONCLUSION: EBM develop in various types of malignancies at various times with unremarkable manifestations. Therefore, physicians should consider the possibility of EBM, especially if a patient has a history of any malignancy, regardless of respiratory symptoms. Respiratory symptoms related with EBM can be treated by various safe procedures.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Bronchial Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/*secondary ; Bronchoscopy ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We made a systematic review and evaluation of endoscopic cryotherapy of endobronchial tumors, investigating safety and efficacy. METHODS: Qualified studies regarding endoscopic cryotherapy of lung tumors were systemically evaluated using available databases according to predefined criteria. RESULTS: In total, 16 publications were included in the final assessment. A narrative synthesis was performed because a formal meta-analysis was not viable due to the lack of controlled studies and study heterogeneity. Overall success rates for significant recanalization of the obstruction were approximately 80%, although they varied, depending on disease status in the patient population. Complications from the procedure developed in 0-11.1% of cases, most of which were minor and controlled by conservative management. Although limited data were available on comprehensive functional assessment, some studies showed that respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and performance status were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic cryotherapy was found to be a safe and useful procedure in the management of endobronchial tumors although its efficacy and appropriate indications have yet to be determined in well-designed controlled studies.
Bronchial Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*surgery ; *Bronchoscopy/adverse effects ; Cryosurgery/adverse effects/*methods/mortality ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Risk Assessment ; Treatment Outcome