Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma is a low-grade B cell lymphoma that presents with an indolent clinicopathologic nature. Although this tumor can occur in various sites, including the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, it develops and spreads extremely rarely along the trachea and central airway. We report a case of extranodal lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with tracheobronchial involvement. An 83-year-old woman presented with a cough and dyspnea. Bronchoscopic evaluation confirmed diffuse, multiple nodular lesions in both the trachea and large bronchi, and she was diagnosed with an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the tracheobronchial tree. After systemic chemotherapy, she survived for more than 18 months.
Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy/*pathology/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy/*pathology/radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tracheal Diseases/drug therapy/*pathology/radiography

PURPOSE: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) presenting as right middle lobe syndrome (RMLS) is an uncommon clinical condition. We investigated the clinical characteristics in patients with EBTB presenting as RMLS. PATIENTS and METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 22 patients with EBTB presenting as RMLS who were diagnosed at our hospital from 2003 to 2006. RESULTS: Its occurrence was more common in females than males (F, 18; M, 4). The mean age was 70.3 +/- 8.5 years, and 17 patients were above the age of 65 years. Cough with sputum was the most common manifestation and 2 patients were asymptomatic. In bronchoscopic analysis, the most common finding was edematous-type EBTB, which was found in 15 patients, followed by actively caseating type in 6 and tumorous type in 1. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining for bronchial washing fluid was positive in only 5 patients: 1 with edematous type and 4 with actively caseating type. Bronchoscopic biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation in 16 patients. Follow-up chest X-ray after treatment showed complete disappearance of the lesion in 2 patients, more than 50% improvement in 5, less than 50% improvement in 5, and no change of lesion in 4. CONCLUSION: Edematous-type EBTB was the most common type of EBTB presenting as RMLS, and it usually occurred in elderly patients. Culturing for mycobacterium and histologic examination by bronchoscopy are necessary for proper diagnosis in these patients.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchial Diseases/*pathology/*radiography ; Bronchoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Middle Lobe Syndrome/*pathology/*radiography ; Tuberculosis/complications/*pathology/*radiography

The bronchoarterial (BA) ratio measured with computed tomography is widely used in human medicine to diagnose bronchial dilation or collapse. Although use of the BA ratio in veterinary medicine has been recently studied, this has not been evaluated in brachycephalic dogs predisposed to bronchial diseases including bronchial collapse. The purpose of this study was to establish BA ratios for brachycephalic dogs and compare the values with those of non-brachycephalic dogs. Twenty-three brachycephalic dogs and 15 non-brachycephalic dogs without clinical pulmonary disease were evaluated. The BA ratio of the lobar bronchi in the left and right cranial as well as the right middle, left, and right caudal lung lobes was measured. No significant difference in mean BA ratio was observed between lung lobes or the individual animals (p = 0.148). The mean BA ratio was 1.08 +/- 0.10 (99% CI = 0.98~1.18) for brachycephalic dogs and 1.51 +/- 0.05 (99% CI = 1.46~1.56) for the non-brachycephalic group. There was a significant difference between the mean BA ratios of the brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic groups (p = 0.00). Defining the normal limit of the BA ratio for brachycephalic breeds may be helpful for diagnosing bronchial disease in brachycephalic dogs.
Animals ; Bronchial Arteries/*anatomy & histology ; Craniosynostoses/pathology/radiography/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/pathology/*radiography ; Dogs ; Female ; Lung Diseases/etiology/*veterinary ; Male ; Reference Values ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*veterinary

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disorder of unknown cause characterized by the presence of multiple submucosal osseous and/or cartilaginous nodules that protrude into the lumen of the trachea and large bronchi. A simultaneous diagnosis of TO and amyloidosis is rarely reported. In this report, a case initially suspected to be asthma bronchiole that could not be treated, was radiologically diagnosed as TO, and also secondary amyloidosis is presented. A 53 years, man patient reported a 3 years history of dyspnea. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) showed an obstructive pattern. Chest X-rays revealed right middle lobe atelectasis. FOB and CT detected nodular lesions in the trachea and in the anterior and lateral walls of the main bronchi. AA amyloidosis was confirmed by endobronchial biopsy. In the abdominal fat pad biopsy, amyloidosis was not detected. Asthma bronchiole was excluded by PFTs. This case illustrates that it is possible for TO and amyloidosis to masquerade as asthma. TO and amyloidosis should be suspected in patients of older ages with asthma and especially with poorly treated asthmatic patients. Although nodular lesions in the anterior and lateral tracheobronchial walls are typical for TO, a biopsy should be obtained to exclude amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Bronchial Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/radiography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheal Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/radiography

AMYLOIDOSIS is a benign process which can have systemic involvement. Though larynx is the common site of localized amyloidosis in the head and neck region,1 it was seldom reported with heterochronous implication of bilateral ventricles. Here we report a case of laryngeal amyloidosis heterochronously localized at bilateral ventricles with tracheobronchial involvement. Combined with our experience we reviewed the literature, and discuss the pertinent managements of this condition.
Adult ; Amyloidosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Bronchial Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; Male ; Radiography ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Tracheal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Bronchial Diseases ; complications ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Radiography ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; complications ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; etiology ; pathology