The reliability of a Korean black goat (Capra hircus coreanae) to detect estrus in Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) for an artificial breeding program was investigated. Estrus in six female Himalayan tahrs was synchronized using fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges. Thirteen days later, 200 IU of PMSG and 100 IU of hCG were injected before removing the sponges and simultaneously injecting 5 mg of PGF2alpha the next day. Penetration of the cervical canal and the thickness and location of red crayon marks were examined 40~43 h later. Two females treated with sponges containing 60 or 45 mg of FGA had estrogen levels of 8.7 and 11.1 pg/mL, respectively. No red marks were found on the backs of these two tahrs. The remaining females had higher levels of estradiol, and the red crayon marks were clearly shown. The cervical folds of these tahrs were readily penetrated and the insemination gun was smoothly inserted into the uterine body. In conclusion, a Korean domestic goat with its chest crayon-harnessed was successfully used to detect estrus of Himalayan tahrs. This technique might be utilized as a part of breeding programs for wild goats and avoid the need for a vasectomy of conspecific males.
Animals ; Breeding/methods ; Estradiol/blood ; Estrus/physiology ; Estrus Detection/*methods ; Estrus Synchronization/methods ; Female ; Goats/*physiology ; Male ; Progesterone/blood

Allelic differences in A and B mating-type loci are a prerequisite for the progression of mating in the genus Pleurotus eryngii; thus, the crossing is hampered by this biological barrier in inbreeding. Molecular markers linked to mating types of P. eryngii KNR2312 were investigated with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA to enhance crossing efficiency. An A4-linked sequence was identified and used to find the adjacent genomic region with the entire motif of the A locus from a contig sequenced by PacBio. The sequence-characterized amplified region marker 7-2299 distinguished A4 mating-type monokaryons from KNR2312 and other strains. A BLAST search of flanked sequences revealed that the A4 locus had a general feature consisting of the putative HD1 and HD2 genes. Both putative HD transcription factors contain a homeodomain sequence and a nuclear localization sequence; however, valid dimerization motifs were found only in the HD1 protein. The ACAAT motif, which was reported to have relevance to sex determination, was found in the intergenic region. The SCAR marker could be applicable in the classification of mating types in the P. eryngii breeding program, and the A4 locus could be the basis for a multi-allele detection marker.
Breeding ; Cicatrix ; Classification ; Dimerization ; DNA ; DNA, Intergenic ; Inbreeding ; Pleurotus ; Transcription Factors

Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) integrate into germline DNA as proviral genome that enables vertical transmission from parents to their offspring. The provirus usually survives as part of the host genome rather than as an infectious agent, but may become pathogenic if it crosses species barriers. Therefore, replication-competent PERV should be controlled through selective breeding or knockout technologies. Two microRNAs (miRNAs), dual LTR1 and LTR2, were selected to inhibit the expression of PERV in primary porcine kidney cells. The inhibition efficiency of the miRNAs was compared based on their inhibition of different PERV regions, specifically long terminal repeats (LTRs), gag, pol, and env. Gene expression was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and the C-type reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was determined. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the PERV LTR and env regions was determined in HeLa cells co-cultured with primary porcine kidney cells. The mRNA expression of the LTR, gag, pol, and env regions of PERV was dramatically inhibited by dual miRNA from 24 to 144 h after transfection, with the highest inhibition observed for the LTR and pol regions at 120 h. Additionally, the RT activity of PERV in the co-culture experiment of porcine and human cells was reduced by 84.4% at the sixth passage. The dual LTR 1+2 miRNA efficiently silences PERV in primary porcine kidney cells.
Coculture Techniques ; DNA ; Endogenous Retroviruses ; Gene Expression ; Genome ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kidney ; MicroRNAs ; Parents ; Proviruses ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Selective Breeding ; Terminal Repeat Sequences ; Transfection

A trial on breeding the perionyx excavalus for treating the organic waste in Biomedical Center of the University for Teachers showed that at the ratio of perionyx excavalus / organic waste (1%) and after 45-60 days, the organic waste was treated by perionyx excavalus to become the humus. The breeding of perionyx excavalus met both needs of biological degeneration and hygiene. In addition to the composted humus was a resource of good organic fertilizer for agricultural and ecological sustainable development.
Breeding ; Soil ; Hygiene ; therapeutics

From 1994 to 1997, 6747 water containers have been investigated on type, volume, number of Aedes larvae living in. The result showed that 6 types of water containers being breeding sites of Ae.aegypti were drums (38.4%), concrete tanks (26.2%), jars (26%), discarded object (5.1%), aquarica (3.5%) and buckets (0.4%). Ae.aegypti was dominants species in this area (87.2% of total 47.479 Aedes larvae collected) and its key breeding places was big containers drums, tanks and jars (91.7% Ae.aegypti larvae in these containers). There was no significant change on the type of breeding site by month, but the number of larvae increases 2.2 times higher in the rainy season compared with this of the rest of the year
Larva ; Breeding ; Water

Use of antibiotic in animal breeding aims to prevention of infection. Especially, the antibiotics is considered as growth stimulation. Although antibiotic mixed with low content, the long- term use of antibiotics leads to more antibiotics resistant microbials than full dosage of it in the short-term. The antibiotic resistant microbials will be pathological factors for human and they transmitted along with foods processing affecting seriously the human health.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; breeding

Aims: This study aimed to screen the plant growth-promoting fluorescent bacteria (FLB) which isolated from the healthy rice rhizophere and to evaluate its biocontrol and growth promotion properties against Pyricularia oryzae on aerobic rice seedling of MARDI Aerob 1. Methodology and results: King’s B agar with glycerol was used as the selective medium to isolate FLB from the healthy rice rhizosphere soil. All FLB obtained were in vitro screened for antagonistic activities against P. oryzae using dual culture, volatile substances and hydrogen cyanide productions. The potential FLB isolates were further evaluated on rice seedling early growth promotion before identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 24 FLB were isolated from the healthy rice rhizosphere soil in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Isolates: FLB4, FLB5, FLB7 and FLB10 scored the total of percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG) values ranged 99.5-105.0%. Further seedling growth promotion screening revealed that FLB4, FLB7 and FLB10 were significantly improved seedling growth with vigor index of 378.32%, 461.53% and 335.60% over control (133.31%). 16S rRNA sequencing identified that FLB7 as Bacillus subtilis and the FLB4 and FLB10 as Pseudomonas putida. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The selected FLB isolates (FLB4, FLB7 and FLB10) are potential to be developed as biological control agents against P. oryzae with growth promoting property on aerobic rice seedling.
Plant Breeding--methods

Creating new germplasms and breeding new cultivars in peanut by radiation mutagenesis and tissue culture were conducted in this study, aiming to develop new breeding method of peanut. Mature seeds from Luhua 11, the most commonly grown peanut cultivar in Northern China, were treated by fast neutron irradiation. Then the embryo leaflets were separated from the irradiated seeds and inoculated on the media, and the regenerated seedlings were obtained through somatic embryogenesis pathway. The regenerated seedlings were grafted, acclimated and then transplanted into field and the selfed pods were harvested from 83 regenerated plants. The progenies were selected by the pedigree method, and 107 mutants were obtained from the progenies of the 83 regenerated plants. Different mutants showed obvious variation in many agronomic traits, including main stem height, branch number, pod shape and size, seed coat color, inner seed coat color, oil content and protein content etc. Yuhua 7, a new peanut variety with low oil content, early maturity and waterlogging tolerance was obtained. The yield of Yuhua 7 was over 14% higher than that of the mutagenic parent Luhua 11, and the oil content of kernels was 47.0%, lower than that of parent Luhua 11 with 52.1% oil content. Yuhua 7 had passed peanut variety regional multi-location trials in Liaoning Province in 2016 and its average yield was 13.8% higher than that of the control variety Baisha 1017. It had also passed national peanut variety registration, and the registration ID is "GPD peanut (2018) 370105". The results show that irradiation mutagenesis combined with tissue culture is an effective method for creating new germplasm and breeding new varieties of peanut.
Arachis ; Breeding ; China ; Fast Neutrons ; Plant Breeding ; Seeds

To breed new varieties of medicinal plants with high resistance is the premise to ensure the production of high-quality medicinal materials. Molecular breeding using modern molecular biology and genetic technology can save time and effort and realize rapid and accurate breeding. Here we are trying to summarize the difference of breeding characteristics between medicinal plants and crops such as genetic background and breeding purpose. The strategy of molecular breeding of medicinal plants was summarized, and the four-phases breeding based on high-throughput sequencing and target gene mining was emphasized. We put forward the current molecular breeding of medicinal plants in the condition of four phases breeding is the optimal technological way of breeding, and gene editing breeding is the direction of medicinal plants breeding.
Breeding ; DNA Shuffling ; Gene Editing ; Plant Breeding ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore breeding method and breed new varieties of Erigeron breviscapus.

METHODSuperior individual were selected from natural outcrossing population of E. breviscapus, lines and strains were established and selected and compared.

RESULTThe scutellarin contents of two E. breviscapus strains of 2003-15 and 2003-6 through line breeding were 3.21% and 3.01%, respectively, and increased 15.77% and 23.46% comparing with the control strain (QS-1), respectively, the yield increased 20.37% and 17.59%, scutellarin yield per hectare enhanced 39.31% and 44.82%.

CONCLUSIONNew varieties of E. breviscapus can be bred through lines breeding.