PURPOSE: To evaluate radiological findings of non-calcified ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to correlate those with histological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2002 to March 2006, 22 patients with histologically-proven non-calcified DCIS were included. Mammography was obtained in 19 patients, ultrasound in 18 patients, and both examinations in 15 patients. Radiological findings were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System by American College of Radiology. Histological tumor subtype and Van Nuys classification of DCIS were assessed. RESULTS: Histological subtypes consisted of mixed type in 11 patients (50%), comedo in 4 (18%), cribriform in 4 (18%), papillary type in 2 (9%), and solid in one (5%). According to Van Nuys classification, group 3 DCIS was observed in 13 (59%) patients. In the 19 patients who underwent mammography, 13 patients presented with abnormal findings: focal asymmetry in 7 patients (37%), masses in 4 (21%), skin thickening in one (5%), and architectural distortion in one (5%). In the 18 patients who had received breast ultrasound, a mass was present in 15 (83%) patients and ductal changes in 3 patients (17%). Sixty percent of patients with masses on ultrasound had group 3 DCIS and 100% of patients with ductal change had group 1 DCIS (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of non-calcified DCIS by mammography is not an easy task due to the lack of typical malignant calcifications or masses. High resolution ultrasound can be useful for detecting non-calcified DCIS, and ultrasound findings are correlated with histological features.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Calcinosis/metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a relationship between texture analysis parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and histopathologic features of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 xenograft models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MCF-7 estradiol (+), MCF-7 estradiol (-), and MDA-MB-231 xenograft models were made with approval of the animal care committee. Twelve tumors of MCF-7 estradiol (+), 9 tumors of MCF-7 estradiol (-), and 6 tumors in MDA-MB-231 were included. Diffusion-weighted MR images were obtained on a 9.4-T system. An analysis of the first and second order texture analysis of ADC maps was performed. The texture analysis parameters and histopathologic features were compared among these groups by the analysis of variance test. Correlations between texture parameters and histopathologic features were analyzed. We also evaluated the intraobserver agreement in assessing the texture parameters. RESULTS: MCF-7 estradiol (+) showed a higher standard deviation, maximum, skewness, and kurtosis of ADC values than MCF-7 estradiol (-) and MDA-MB-231 (p < 0.01 for all). The contrast of the MCF-7 groups was higher than that of the MDA-MB-231 (p = 0.004). The correlation (COR) of the texture analysis of MCF-7 groups was lower than that of MDA-MB-231 (p < 0.001). The histopathologic analysis showed that Ki-67mean and Ki-67diff of MCF-7 estradiol (+) were higher than that of MCF-7 estradiol (-) or MDA-MB-231 (p < 0.05). The microvessel density (MVD)mean and MVDdiff of MDA-MB-231 were higher than those of MCF-7 groups (p < 0.001). A diffuse-multifocal necrosis was more frequently found in MDA-MB-231 (p < 0.001). The proportion of necrosis moderately correlated with the contrast (r = -0.438, p = 0.022) and strongly with COR (r = 0.540, p = 0.004). Standard deviation (r = 0.622, r = 0.437), skewness (r = 0.404, r = 0.484), and kurtosis (r = 0.408, r = 0.452) correlated with Ki-67mean and Ki-67diff (p < 0.05 for all). COR moderately correlated with Ki-67diff (r = -0.388, p = 0.045). Skewness (r = -0.643, r = -0.464), kurtosis (r = -0.581, r = -0.389), contrast (r = -0.473, r = -0.549) and COR (r = 0.588, r = 0.580) correlated with MVDmean and MVDdiff (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The texture analysis of ADC maps may help to determine the intratumoral spatial heterogeneity of necrosis patterns, amount of cellular proliferation and the vascularity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 xenograft breast cancer models.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/*radiography ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; MCF-7 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences between the angioarchitecture, hemodynamics, ultrastructure of neovasculr endothelial cells, and vascular distribution in different perfusion regions in benign and malignant breast tumors.

METHODS30 cases of breast carcinoma (33 lesions) and 30 cases of breast fibroadenoma (34 lesions) were examined by contrast enhanced microvascular imaging (MVI), and perfusion indexes were collected both inside and at the margin of each focus according to time-intensity quantitative analysis, including peak intensity (PI), area under the curve (AUC), time to peak (TTP) and wash-out time (WOT). The ultrastructure of neovascular endothelial cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of CD34, VEGF, Flk-1/KDR in both two groups were detected by immuhistochemistry.

RESULTSSignificant differences were found between the two groups characterized with filling defect, vascular distortion, dilatation and uneven enhancement. Most of the curves of malignant group (87.9%, 29/33) ascended rapidly and dropped slowly while those of the benign group (79.4%, 27/34) ascended slowly and dropped rapidly. The AUC and WOT of malignant tumor group were significantly higher than those of benign group, while the PI and TTP had statistically no significant difference. In the malignant tumor group, PI, AUC and WOT collected from the margin of foci were significantly different from those collected inside the foci, however, there was no significant difference in the benign group. The margin of foci was characterized with dilated and distorted vessels, and the center of the foci was occupied by narrow or occluded blood vessels, sometimes with contracted endothelial cells and pericytes. Abundant microvascular areas located at the margin of foci. The ultrastructure of endothelial cells in the newly formed blood vessels of malignant group showed strong ability to divide, which was different from normal endothelium cells.

CONCLUSIONThe perfusion pattern, mode of time-intensity curve, mean perfusion parameter and variation of regional perfusion parameters provide a valuable diagnostic basis in distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumors. The density, morphology, distribution, structure and function of newly formed microvessels in tumor foci are also crucial factors when tumors are assessed by imaging examination.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Area Under Curve ; Breast Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Carcinoma in Situ ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microvessels ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma/*diagnosis/radiography/secondary ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Doxorubicin/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Female ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis/radiography/secondary ; Taxoids/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed