OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy and complications of the method for reduction mammaplasty in patients with breast benign diseases.

METHODSFrom November 1980 to December 2001, reduction mammaplasty was performed in 27 patients with breast hypertrophy, ptosis and benign diseases. The operation methods were selected according to the characters of the diseases and the extent of breast hypertrophy and ptosis. 9 patients received reduction mammaplasty using an inferior pyramidal pedicle technique; 16 patients received Mckissock vertical bipedicle technique and 2 patients received the bicyclic incision technique.

RESULTSThe successful rate was 94.2%. Three breasts developed areola necrosis in Mckissock. Symptoms caused by breast hypertrophy and benign diseases were improved apparently.

CONCLUSIONReduction mammaplasty is the best option for the treatment of breast hypertrophy and ptosis with benign diseases. The method of reduction mammaplasty should be taken individually.

Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; Breast Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; surgery ; Mammaplasty ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a breast augmentation technique for correction of minor and moderate breast ptosis with an anatomic implant.

METHODSFifteen patients of macromastia with minor and moderate breast ptosis were treated by using a breast augmentation with the anatomic implant under the breast gland. The results were judged with the the patient's satisfaction.

RESULTSAll of the patient achieved big improvement of the breast ptosis with very satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONSThe minor and moderate breast ptosis could be achieved by using breast augmentation with an anatomic implant.

Adult ; Breast Diseases ; surgery ; Breast Implantation ; methods ; Breast Implants ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of glandular flap combined with dermal flap suspension for correction of mild and moderate breast ptosis.

METHODSThe dermal flap was formed according to the breast ptosis and dissection was performed between the skin and gland. The superior-lateral gland was partially resected or cut vertically only to form the lateral glandular flap. Then the glandular flap was rotated medially and fixed to shrink the glandular base area. Then the breast was up-positioned and fixed with dermal flap to remodel the breast shape.

RESULTSFrom Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 46 cases were treated with satisfactory result. There was no severe complication, except for 2 cases of unilateral hematoma. 40 cases were followed up for 6 months to 4 years with good breast shape. No secondary ptosis, breast flatten and NAC sensation disorder was happened.

CONCLUSIONSGlandular flap combined with dermal flap suspension is a good method for mild and moderate breast ptosis with reliable long-term results. The breasts have busty appearance and good projection with inconspicuous scar.

Adult ; Breast ; surgery ; Breast Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

Adult ; Breast ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Breast Diseases ; congenital ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Breast Diseases ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Nipples ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast is an uncommon benign lesion and it is usually located in the skin layer. We report here on two cases of ruptured epidermal inclusion cysts in the subareolar area, which is a very unusual location for these cysts and these lesions can be mistaken for breast malignancies.
Adult ; Breast Diseases/surgery/*ultrasonography ; Epidermal Cyst/surgery/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rupture/ultrasonography

In this paper, we evaluate the radiological features of pregnancy-associated breast lesions and discuss the difficulties in diagnosis by imaging. We selected patients who were diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast lesions during the previous 5 years. All patients complained of palpable lesions in the breast and underwent ultrasonographic (US) examination, the first choice for examination of pregnancy-related breast lesions. Any suspicious lesions found by the US were recommended for a US-guided core biopsy, US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA), or surgery. Various breast lesions were detected during pregnancy and lactation, including breast cancer, mastitis and abscesses, lactating adenoma, galactoceles, lobular hyperplasia, and fibroadenomas. The imaging features of pregnancy-associated breast lesions did not differ from the features of non-pregnancy-associated breast lesions; however, some pregnancy-associated benign lesions had suspicious sonographic features. A US-guided core biopsy was necessary for differentiating benign from malignant. In patients with breast cancer, the cancer was often advanced at the time of diagnosis. In conclusion, various pregnancy-related breast lesions were detected and the imaging of these lesions had variable findings. Breast ultrasound could be an excellent imaging modality for diagnosis and differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. However, when the imaging results are suspicious, a biopsy should be performed to obtain a pathologic diagnosis.
Ultrasonography, Mammary ; Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis/*radiography/surgery ; Pregnancy ; *Mammography ; Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Breast Diseases/pathology/*radiography/ultrasonography ; Breast/pathology/surgery ; Biopsy ; Adult

A case of breast sparganosis was confirmed by surgical excision of a worm (fragmented into 5 pieces) in a 59-year-old Korean woman suffering from a palpable mass in the left breast. Mammography and ultrasonography characteristically revealed the presence of several well-defined, isodense and hypoechoic tubular masses, in the upper quadrant of the left breast, each mass consisting of a continuous cord- or worm-like structure. During surgery, a long segment of an actively moving sparganum of Spirometra sp. and 4 small fragments of the same worm, giving a total length of 20.3 cm, were extracted from the upper outer quadrant of the left breast and the axillary region. The infection source remains unclear, because the patient denied ingesting any snake or frog meat or drinking untreated water.
Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Diphyllobothriasis/*diagnosis/parasitology/pathology ; Breast Diseases/*parasitology/pathology/*surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic thyroidectomy via the areola of breast approach.

METHODSBetween April 2005 to September 2008, endoscopic thyroidectomy via the areola of breast approach was performed in 28 female patients. Of the patients, 25 cases presented with nodular goiter, 2 cases with Grave's disease and 1 case with minimum papillary carcinoma. The average age was 22.5 years (range, 18-38 years). A 10 mm trocar was placed on the medial border of the areola of the right breast for the video-endoscopy and removing specimens, and a 5 mm trocar was placed on the lateral border of the areola of the same breast as the assisted operation hole. Another 5 mm trocar was placed on the medial border of the areola of left breast as the main operation hole. The operation data was recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSAll the 28 operations were successful. The procedures included one lobe total thyroidectomy in 5 cases, one lobe subtotal thyroidectomy in 15 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 3 cases, one lobe near total thyroidectomy + the other lobe subtotal thyroidectomy in 4 cases, and one lobe total thyroidectomy + the central group lymph node resection + the other lobe subtotal thyroidectomy in 1 case. The average operation time was 60.7 minutes (range, 40-125 minutes), the average operation blood loss was 5.8 ml (range, 2-15 ml), the average length of post-operative hospital stay was 3.1 days (range, 2-5 days). No adverse effects was found after the operation, such as damage to the parathyroid gland and the laryngeal nerve. The patients were followed-up for 1 to 40 months with satisfactory results. All 28 patients were satisfied with the cosmetic effects of the operation.

CONCLUSIONSEndoscopic thyroidectomy via the areola of breast approach produces an outstanding cosmetic effect, it is safe and feasible.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Thyroid Diseases ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Primary mammary tuberculosis is a rare entity that usually occurs in female of reproductive age. Herein three such patients including two males with ages over 80 years, who underwent surgical resection, are reported. Fine needle biopsy failed to achieve specific diagnosis before surgical operation. All of their conditions got satisfactory improvement and anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was administered postoperatively. Previous literature related to the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment for mammary tuberculosis will be also reviewed. Mammary tuberculosis is usually related to breast feeding women and is extremely rare in aged man. The possible mechanisms resulting in this disease in our three patients, including direct extension, reactivation, or transmitted by staffs or peers of the nursing home, would also be discussed.
Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Ultrasonography