From 1996 to 2002, 72 female patients aged 10-42 years old with breast abnormalities were operated by various techniques (Z plasty, skin graft, local flap, musculocutaneous pedical flap, breast implant and tissue expansion). Results showed that plastic surgeries were applied more and more to response to the patient’s requests of aesthetics and functions. In mammaplasty, the first is aesthetic, therefore surgeons had to know many techniques and sensitize with each case
Breast ; Surgery, Plastic ; Abnormalities ; surgery ; Therapeutics ;

PURPOSE: The major drawback of submuscular augmentation of the ptotic breast is a "double-bubble" deformity. If a traditional mastopexy is added to correct the ptosis, there would be additional scars. This article describes simultaneous periareolar mastopexy with dual plane or subfascial breast augmentations. METHODS: A series of 81 patients with grade I or II ptosis underwent the procedure from 1999 to 2005. Out of these, dual plane augmentation was done in 71 cases and subfascial plane in 10. After periareolar skin excision, an incision is made perpendicularly down to the fascia of pectoralis. At the lower pole, all breast implants are inserted into the subfascial plane. In case of upper pole thickness of above 20mm, we inserted the implant into the subfascial plane, whereas below 20mm, we inserted that into the submuscular plane. RESULTS: No major complications were noted and patients' satisfactory score was high. This technique avoids the "double-bubble" deformity and leaves a minimal periareolar scar. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous periareolar mastopexy/ breast augmentation is useful for correction of the ptotic breast, increasing the volume of breast and providing the natural breast shape with minimal scars. We consider that subfascial plane augmentation with periareolar mastopexy to be an alternative for cases with breast upper pole thickness of at least above 20mm.
Breast ; Breast Implants ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fascia ; Humans ; Skin

PURPOSE: The major drawback of submuscular augmentation of the ptotic breast is a "double-bubble" deformity. If a traditional mastopexy is added to correct the ptosis, there would be additional scars. This article describes simultaneous periareolar mastopexy with dual plane or subfascial breast augmentations. METHODS: A series of 81 patients with grade I or II ptosis underwent the procedure from 1999 to 2005. Out of these, dual plane augmentation was done in 71 cases and subfascial plane in 10. After periareolar skin excision, an incision is made perpendicularly down to the fascia of pectoralis. At the lower pole, all breast implants are inserted into the subfascial plane. In case of upper pole thickness of above 20mm, we inserted the implant into the subfascial plane, whereas below 20mm, we inserted that into the submuscular plane. RESULTS: No major complications were noted and patients' satisfactory score was high. This technique avoids the "double-bubble" deformity and leaves a minimal periareolar scar. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous periareolar mastopexy/ breast augmentation is useful for correction of the ptotic breast, increasing the volume of breast and providing the natural breast shape with minimal scars. We consider that subfascial plane augmentation with periareolar mastopexy to be an alternative for cases with breast upper pole thickness of at least above 20mm.
Breast ; Breast Implants ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fascia ; Humans ; Skin

BACKGROUND: For the correction of small ptotic breasts, augmentation mastopexy provides a better shape than other techniques, but its periareolar or vertical scar is a limiting factor. Subglandular augmentation tends to increase ptosis. Submuscular augmentation may result in a "Waterfall" deformity (double contour deformity). This report uses examples of two patients to illustrate concepts for improving breast augmentation of ptotic breasts. METHODS: Two patients initially underwent insertion of breast implants for ptotic breasts, using full height type of implants inserted by the type III dual plane technique. Both patients had wanted breasts that were not excessively large, but which had an improved shape and minimal scars. At nearly the same time after the initial surgery (postoperative day 3 and 7), each patient exhibited a unilateral double contour breast deformity. The initial implants were changed to shorter height implants to shift volume to the lower pole. RESULTS: Changing the implants resulted in improved breast shape by enhancing the leverage effect. The double contour deformities observed after using the taller implants were improved by changing to shorter implants. CONCLUSIONS: For rotating the nipple areolar complex upward during correction of small ptotic breasts with implants, the type III dual plane technique is an effective way to produce a larger volume pocket in the lower pole of the breast. More leverage effect can be obtained by using a shorter height and greater projection type of shaped implant instead of a full height implant.
Breast Implantation ; Breast Implants ; Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples* ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: Subcutaneous mastectomy has been accepted as a standard for the treatment of gynecomastia. Surgical managements including ultrasound-assisted liposuction(UAL) have had limited success and several combined approaches were tried to find the most effective method. We designed a modified subcutaneous mastectomy, which we call "pan-cake method". The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of our method for the treatment of gynecomastia. METHODS: 16 patients from 16 to 31 years of age having gynecomastia were operated using the pan-cake method. 11 patients were in grade I, and 5 patients were in grade II, no patient were in grade III or IV, according to Rod's classification. The pan-cake method started with modified periareolar incision. We executed subcutaneous dissection first and suprafascial dissection next. After dividing the breast into four equal quadrants, we removed breast tissue from each quadrant as necessary. The operation time for the resection was recorded and the weight of removed parenchyme tissues was measured. RESULTS: All the operations were successful. There were no asymmetries, contour deformities, or irregularities. Only 6 cases needed the combined therapy with ultrasound-assisted liposuction(UAL) because of the step deformities. The average operation time was 24.1 minutes and the average weight of removed breast tissue was 98.1g. All the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the pan-cake method is an alternative option for the surgical treatment of gynecomastia, giving good aesthetic results and relatively short operation time.
Breast ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Male ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous

Hypermastia has always been a serious problem for women, frequently causing physical pain and deformity as well as psychological disorders associated with self image. At present time, there are various techniques of reduction mammaplasty to help women's self esteem. Among these, inferior pyramidal dermal pedicle technique of reduction mammaplsty has some advantages including ease of performance and teaching, good preservation of the neurovascular supply to the nipple, applicability over a wide range of reduction size, and reliable reproducibility. We report ten patients with hypermastia and breast ptosis who underwent reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy using by our modified inferior pyramidal dermal pedicle technique, that is based on the concept of Courtiss & Goldwyn and Georgiade. In conclusion , inferior pyramidal dermal pedicle technique for hypermastia is a valuable technique for the reasons of time-tested simplicity and reliable reproducibility.
Breast ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Nipples ; Self Concept

Becker nevus syndrome is a phenotype characterized by the presence of a Becker nevus in association with unilateral hypoplasia of the breast or other cutaneous, muscular or skeletal defects. We report an interesting case of Becker's nevus syndrome associated with fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid bone, tooth abnormalities and facial asymmetry.
Breast ; Nevus ; Phenotype ; Skin Neoplasms ; Sphenoid Bone ; Tooth ; Tooth Abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the classification and the treatment of the asymmetrical breast deformity.

METHODSFrom April of 1997 to October of 2001, 90 patients with the asymmetrical breast deformity were undergoing in the study. The patients were classified and the results of the treatment were evaluated with the pre-operative and post-operative photographs.

RESULTSThe deformities of the asymmetrical breast could be divided into seven types according to the selected treatment techniques. The results were very satisfactory in 77 cases (87%), general satisfactory in 10 cases (11%) and unsatisfactory in 3 cases (2%). There were 54 cases (60%) with complete symmetry results, 32 cases (35.5%) with general symmetry and 4 cases (4.5%) with still asymmetry.

CONCLUSIONThe indications for treatment of the breast asymmetry deformities should be correlated with the classification so as to achieve more satisfactory results, in fact, it is still difficult to be a complete symmetry.

Psychological and social disturbances can be caused by gynecomastia and nipple hypertrophy. Several corrections for these problems have been developed. Recently, social trends focus on a good body shape. Young male patients increasingly visit hospitals to correction of minor deformities of breasts. These patients don't visit the hospital for just one of pathologic problem but seek corrections for multiple problems. These problems are mild forms of gynecomastia, nipple hypertrophy and areolar hypertrophy. Ten patients have visited our hospital to correct various problems using multiple procedures. Liposuction was used to reduce breast tissue in gynecomastia. Protruding of areola was corrected by intra-areola or circum-areola parenchymal excision. Large areolas were reduced by intra-areola circular incision. Large nipples were reduced by Regnault tehnique or wedge resection. We conclude that new trends of male breast correction is to watch nipple-areola-breast as one complex. A combined procedures must be done for correction of these trends.
Breast ; Classification* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Lipectomy ; Male ; Nipples

PURPOSE: As the Korean life style is becoming westernized at a rapid pace, the rate of breast cancer is growing at the same time. So, the case of breast reconstruction after mastectomy increases, too. Points of breast reconstruction are symmetry, scar, size, and shape. Especially symmetry and scar are more important than others for Korean. This study is aimed to identify the method of breast reconstruction that accomplished the best results in terms of symmetry and scar. METHODS: A total 15 patients were operated on from March of 2005 to July of 2009. The 5 patients were reconstructed by mammoreduction method after periareolar incision, the 7 patients were reconstructed by pectoralis-major transfer with implant after periareolar incision, and 3 patient were reconstructed by both breast augmentation. RESULTS: Follow up period was 20.2 months on average and no complications such as breast deformity were observed. In symmetry of breast, the satisfaction score of periareolar approach is 4.4 and the satisfaction score of other approaches are 4.2(p>0.05). But in scar of breast, the satisfaction score of periareolar approach is 4.6 and the satisfaction score of other approaches is 3.4(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Author's method of breast reconstruction after removal of breast cancer through periareolar incision is effective method in patients who care about aesthetic result after mastectomy.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Life Style ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy