OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was conducted in 7 cases of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma from January 1986 to March 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital for summarizing therapy results and prognosis-affecting factors.

RESULTSIncidence of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma was about 0.66% (7/1055). Serous adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological type in 4 cases and the subsequent was adenocarcinoma in 3 cases. All the patients were diagnosed at late stage, 6 cases with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIc and 1 with FIGO stage IV. The mean duration from diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma to brain metastasis was 32.7 +/- 20.0 months (range, 23-73 months). Single metastasis focus occurred in 43% of cases and multiple metastases in 57% of cases. Fifty-seven percent of patients presented extracranial metastasis. Serum CA125 played a role in monitoring reoccurrence and brain metastases. The average survival time was about 12 months. Better treatment with prolonged survival could be achieved by combination of operation and chemotherapy or combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONSAs a rare condition, brain metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rising in incidence with improved treatment of ovarian carcinoma and prolonged survival. However, brain metastasis indicates bad prognosis which can be improved by combined therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; secondary ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis

We report a case of anaplastic ganglioglioma. A 45-yr-old woman was admitted with a 5-month history of headache and dizziness, both of which progressed slowly. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a strong enhancing mass in the left frontal lobe extending to the cingulate gyrus. Adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy were given after gross total resection of the tumor. Histological and immunohistochemical studies showed an anaplastic ganglioglioma. Gangliogliomas of the central nervous system are rather uncommon tumors, and anaplastic ones are extremely rare. The pertinent literature regarding gangliogliomas is reviewed.
Anaplasia/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/pathology ; Ganglioglioma/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Gyrus Cinguli/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor characterized by endothelial tumor cells and variable malignant behavior, and it's not common for this lesion to involve the bone. Although there are a few reports of cranial involvement by hemangioendothelioma, only rare cases arising in temporal bone have been published. We present the radiologic findings of a 7-year-old boy who had a high grade hemangioendothelioma involving the temporal bone with intracranial extension. Evidence of flow voids on MR images suggested a tumor of vascular origin, and the ill-defined margins, cortical destruction and intracranial extension on the CT and MR images were correlated with the tumor's high histologic grade.
Brain Neoplasms/*diagnosis/therapy ; Child ; Hemangioendothelioma/*diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Temporal Bone/*pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Intracranial tumor is the most common primary neoplasm in the central nervous system, it is a complex, heterogeneous and hard to cure disease. Current treatments include gross resection of the tumor, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and Chinese medicine treatment. Despite valiant efforts, prognosis remains dismal. The thrust of an integrated approach to increase disease-free survival and improve quality-of-life is urgently required. In the era of molecular targeted therapy, recent promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have resulted from advancement in understanding molecular brain tumor biology, neuroimaging, neurosurgical treatment, radiotherapy, combined chemotherapy and molecular therapy. This review outlines the current status of diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in intracranial tumor. The article discusses the perspective of molecular therapy. This approach includes new technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, nanomedicine and metabolomics.
Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Glioma-related edema (GRE) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality from glioma. GRE is a complicated process involving not only peritumoral edema but also the water content of the tumor body. In terms of etiology, this condition derives from both GRE in the untreated state and GRE secondary to clinical intervention, and different cell types contribute to distinct components of GRE. Peritumoral edema was previously believed to loosen glioma tissue, facilitating tumor-cell invasion; however, the nutrition hypothesis of the tumor microecosystem suggests that tumor cells invade for the sake of nutrition. Edema is the pathologic consequence of the reconstructed trophic linkage within the tumor microecosystem. Glioma cells induce peritumoral brain edema via an active process that supplies a suitable niche for peritumoral invasive cells, suggesting that glioma-related peritumoral brain edema is determined by the invasive property of tumor cells. There are differences between pivotal molecular events and reactive molecular events in the development of GRE. Molecular therapy should target the former, as targeting reactive molecular events will produce undesired or even adverse results. At present, brain glioma angiogenesis models have not been translated into a new understanding of the features of brain images. The effect of these models on peritumoral brain edema is unclear. Clinical approaches should be transformed on the basis of new knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying GRE. Exploring clinical assessment methods, optimizing the existing control strategy of GRE, and simultaneously developing new treatments are essential.
Brain Edema ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in head and neck.

METHODSA retrospective review of the medical records for the cases of PNET in head and neck from 2004 to 2014. General clinical information including diagnosis and treatments was obtained and analyzed. A literature review was also conducted.

RESULTSA total of 5 cases diagnosed with PNET were included. Of 5 patients, one patient with lesion in the temporal field was treated with radical resection, followed by radiotherapy, and a 24-month follow-up showed no recurrence. Three patients presented with maxillary, infratemporal fossa or cheek invasion respectively, after diagnosed with pathological examination, one patient received preoperation radiotherapy plus radical resection and postoperative chemotherapy, and the lesions had no obvious progress with follow-up of 106 months; one patient was applied with preoperative chemotherapy plus extensive resection and postoperation radiotherapy, showed recurrence 15 months later, and was lost to follow-up; and another patient underwent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and extensive resection, presented with pulmonary metastasis 5 months later, and died of brain metastasis within 25 months. One foreign patient presented with tumor involved submaxillary, mouth and tongue, the tumor was reduced obviously after chemotherapy, but he was lost to follow-up after getting home.

CONCLUSIONSPNET in head and neck is rare and the clinical profile of PNET is the presence of occupying and compression. The pathology examination is an only way to confirm the diagnosis of PNET. The combination of excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the treatment choice.

Brain Neoplasms ; secondary ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between TCM syndrome type and intracranial aggressive potentiality of untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSSixty untreated NPC patients of different syndrome types were treated conventionally and followed up for over one year. Correlation between the TCM syndrome type differentiated at the first consultation and the intracranial aggressive potentiality of the primary focus of NPC were analyzed.

RESULTSThe incidence of intracranial aggression was significantly higher in patients with Qi-Yin deficiency type than that in those with other two syndrome types during the follow-up period (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe intracranial aggessive rate in the untreated NPC patients of Qi-Yin deficiency type was higher than in those of either Qi and blood coagulation type or fire-toxin stagnation type.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; secondary ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Syndrome

A 31-year-old Korean male presented with altered consciousness and severe headache. Brain MRI delineated focal leptomeningeal enhancement without any intracerebral lesions. Diagnosis was made based on a brain biopsy showing anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), immunohistochemical stains revealing positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and an absence of involvement in any other organs; specifically, the primary central nervous system ALK+ALCL. Complete remission was achieved following 5 cycles of systemic chemotherapy with a high dose of Methotrexate and a simultaneous 7 cycles of intrathecal triple chemotherapy. Diagnosis of primary leptomeningeal ALK+ALCL is challenging given its rarity and non-specific symptoms along with non-pathognomonic radiologic findings. We present the first case of primary leptomeningeal ALK-positive ALCL where the clinical course, pathologic characteristics and treatment modality are described as well as a review of literature.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism

Bilateral thalamic gliomas (BTGs) are rare brain tumors. In general, the prognosis is poor because of the involvement of bilateral thalami and limitations of surgical excision. Consequently, patients with symptoms of personality changes and memory impairment must be differentiated from others. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for the diagnosis of BTGs and reveals a hypo-intense lesion on T1-weighted images and a hyper-intense lesion on T2 images. We report a case of a 17-year-old female patient suffering from progressive cognitive dysfunction and personality changes and subsequent rehabilitation treatment. Brain MRI showed an enlarged bilateral thalamus, with hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and iso-intensity on T1-weighted images. A biopsy was performed, and the pathology revealed a high-grade glioma. The patient was referred for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. She also underwent rehabilitation treatment for 5 weeks and showed improvement in standing balance, endurance, and speech fluency. The patient's Modified Barthel Index scores also improved. Cancer rehabilitation is important in brain tumor patients because they have a higher incidence of neurological sequelae than others. Rehabilitation of patients with a malignant brain tumor is also important for improving health-related quality of life by maintaining the general condition and preventing complications during and after cancer treatment.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Glioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Memory Disorders ; Neurobehavioral Manifestations ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy ; Rehabilitation ; Thalamus

Choroid plexus tumors are uncommon brain tumors that primarily occur in children. Most of these tumors originate from the intraventricular area, and the most common clinicalpresentation is increased intracranial pressure. Dissemination through the cerebrospinal fluid space is the inevitable natural course of the disease. Here, we present 2 rare cases of adult choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), each with distinct clinical presentation and progression. The first case was a 40-year-old male who presented with multiple intraventricular masses. After surgical biopsy, radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy failed to elicit any response. The patient progressed with spinal cord dissemination and expired 1 year later. The second case presented with visual disturbance, and brain MRI revealed a large ovoid juxtaventricular mass with peritumoral edema. This 49-year-old female patient underwent craniotomy for what was thought to be a high-grade glioma; however, the mass was connected to the choroid plexus at the operative field. Her pathology specimen was diagnosed as CPC, and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was administered. She has now been free of recurrence for 10 months. The description of the presentation and progression of these rare adult-onset CPC provides insight for the diagnosis and treatment of other rare instances of choroid plexus tumors.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; Choroid Plexus ; Choroid ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Edema ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Glioma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord