Animals ; Basilar Artery ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; Brain Stem ; blood supply ; Cats ; Medulla Oblongata ; blood supply

OBJECTIVE: To summarize our experience of successful and failed management in 8 huge lobulated nasopharyngeal angiofibromas with intracranial extensions, and introduce some key points of perioperative treatments. METHOD: Eight male case with an average age of 18 years, were all lobes extending into middle and/or anterior cranial fossa, in which 5 cases revealed blood supply from the internal carotid arteries and 3 cases were reoperated because of recurrence. Preoperatively, the tumor were evaluated by CT, CTA, MRI and/or MRA, and super selective embolization of the feeding arteries were crucial procedures. The combined craniofacial approaches were used to excise these tumors. RESULT: Five cases were removed completely, and 3 cases were removed partly in which 2 were due to serious bleeding caused by lack of DSA technique at that time and 1 were due to neglecting the tumor lobe in the sphenoid sinus of the other side. CONCLUSION Reasonable perioperative management are very important for control of intra-operative blood loss, complete remodeling of the tumor and avoiding complication.
Adolescent ; Angiofibroma ; blood supply ; pathology ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; secondary ; surgery ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Treatment Outcome

Based on the pathophysiology of the brain, advance in angiogenesis induced by stroke, and evidences of Chinese-medicine-mediated angiogenesis, the possibility to study the stroke-treating mechanism of Chinese medicine in angiogenesis was discussed. And regarding our previous work on angiogenesis modulated by qi-tonifying and stasis-eliminating therapy following intracerebral hemorrhage, we proposed some questions, which should be taken into account in the further work.
Brain ; blood supply ; pathology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Stroke ; therapy ; Wound Healing

Angiomatosis ; complications ; pathology ; Brain ; blood supply ; Brain Diseases ; complications ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Ganglioglioma ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; classification ; complications ; pathology ; Meninges ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo study angiogenesis patterns in the edematous area and the center of human astrocytomas by histological observation, and to reveal histological basis of vasculogenic mimicry.

METHODTissue samples were drawn from the tumor center and the edematous area in 51 patients with human astrocytomas during operation MR and were examined by CD34 endothelial marker periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) dual staining.

RESULTSVessels or capillaries stained by both PAS and CD34 were found in edematous areas of human astrocytomas. Besides vessels or capillaries stained by both PAS and CD34, vasculogenic mimicries (PAS-positive and CD34-negative tubes containing red blood cells and lined by neoplastic cells), PAS-positive and CD34-negative tubes containing red blood cells and without cells around, PAS-positive and partial CD34-positive vessels or capillaries, and PAS-positive and CD34-negtive vessels or capillaries were detected in the center of tumor of 4 human glioblastomas.

CONCLUSIONSVasculogenic mimicries in the center of some high-grade astrocytomas may be caused by blood capillary dysplasia, while angiogenesis patterns are vessels or capillaries in the edematus area and the center of most human astrocytomas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Astrocytoma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Young Adult

Anti-angiogenic therapy has shown promising but insufficient efficacy on gliomas. Recent studies suggest that vasculogenic mimicry (VM), or the formation of non-endothelial, tumor-cell-lined microvascular channels, occurs in aggressive tumors, including gliomas. There is also evidence of a physiological connection between the endothelial-lined vasculature and VM channels. Tumor cells, by virtue of their high plasticity, can form vessel-like structures themselves, which may function as blood supply networks. Our previous study on gliomas showed that microvessel density was comparably less in VM-positive tumors than in VM-negative tumors. Thus, VM may act as a complement to ensure tumor blood supply, especially in regions with less microvessel density. Patients with VM-positive gliomas survived a shorter period of time than did patients with VM-negative gliomas. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms for VM are not fully understood, glioma stem cells might play a key role, since they are involved in tumor tissue remodeling and contribute to neovascularization via transdifferentiation. In the future, successful treatment of gliomas should involve targeting both VM and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the progress and challenges of VM in gliomas.
Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Glioma ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Microcirculation ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis

AIMObservations on medullary ischemia region, the morphology of neurons and changes of respiration and blood pressure were made, in order to give evidences on how medullary ischemia affects respiration and circulation and give some advices on how to protect from it.

METHODSUsing cats as the experimental animals, the different parts of the basilar artery trunk were ligated. The changes in the density of blood vessels, the morphology of neurons in the brainstem, the electromyogram (EMG) of the diaphragm and the blood pressure of the femoral artery were investigated.

RESULTSThe density of blood vessels notably decreased in the medulla after ligating the basilar artery trunk. The ischemic range induced by ligation of the different parts of the basilar artery trunk overlapped, mainly locating in the medulla rostral to the obex. The soma were swelled and the Nissl bodies decreased in some of neurons in the ischemic region of medulla. The duration of inspiration (T1) and expiration (TE) shortened, respiratory frequency (RF) increased, and mean blood pressure (MBP) decreased in the experimental groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is an obvious overlap of the areas in which blood supplied by different parts of the basilar artery trunk. Medullary ischemia can involve in changes of respiration and blood pressure. The ischemic damage of neurons in the medulla might be the structural basis of the changes in the respiratory and circulatory functions.

Animals ; Basilar Artery ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Cats ; Medulla Oblongata ; pathology ; Respiration ; Respiratory System ; blood supply ; physiopathology

We measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ABI in 97 ischemic stroke patients and 93 control subjects to investigate the relationship between baPWV, ABI and risk factors of ischemic stroke. The stroke patients were grouped according to the results of MRA and Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound. The correlation of baPWV and ABI to the arteriosclerosis was discussed. There was a significant difference in the patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, baPWV and ABI between ischemic stroke patients and control subjects. baPWV was the most sensitive risk factor for ischemic stroke. ABI and diabetes mellitus were the relatively sensitive risk factors for ischemic stroke. baPWV were found to have a positive correlation with common carotid arteriosclerosis (gamma=0.215, P=0.048), while ABI had a negative correlation with intracranial arteriosclerosis (gamma=-0.237, P<0.05). BaPWV and ABI may closely relate to severity of ischemic stroke. Simple measurements of baPWV and ABI in patients could be a useful tool for evaluating the risk of ischemic stroke.
Aged ; Ankle ; blood supply ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arteriosclerosis ; physiopathology ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Brachial Artery ; physiopathology ; Brain ; blood supply ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Carotid Arteries ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulsatile Flow ; Pulse ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology

AIMTo study the effect of different intervals between occlusions of vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries on the Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model, and the features of ischemia of the brainstem and hippocampus induced by occulusion of bilateral common carotid arteries under the condition of occlusion of unilateral vertebral artery.

METHODSEighty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group, bilateral vertebral artery occluding group, global brain ischemic insult group, and unilateral vertebral artery occluding plus bilateral common carotid arteries occluding group. In the global brain ischemic insult group, rats were further divided into 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h interval subgroups according to the interval between the occlusion of the vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries. The responses including enlarging of pupils and the light reflex during the brain ischemia were observed. The duration of right reflex disappearing, the general state, and the delayed neuronal death (DND) of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus of the rats after the brain ischemia were also observed.

RESULTSAmong the global brain ischemic insult group, both the responses and DND were more severe in 72 h interval subgroup than those in 24 h and 48 h interval subgroups. There was no significant difference between 24 h and 48 h interval subgroups. When the bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded under the condition of occlusion of unilateral vertebral artery, severe DND was observed in the CA1 hippocampus ipsilateral to the occluding vertebral artery, but no significant DND was observed in the contralateral CA1 hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that the prior occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries during producing Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model might be a cerebral ischemic preconditioning that could protect to some extent pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus against severe ischemic insult induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries within 48 h. Moreover, There is ipsilateral predominance of blood perfusion from one side of vertebral artery to the brainstem and hippocampus, although there was Willis artery circle in rats.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vertebral Artery ; pathology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) on apoptosis of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Forty-six rats whose bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded permanently were assigned to one of four groups: sham group, limb ischemia group, cerebral ischemia group and LIP group. LIP was performed by occluding the bilateral femoral arteries for 10 min 3 times in an interval of 10 min. Global cerebral ischemia was underwent by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for 8 min immediately after LIP. Assays for apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons were biologically and morphologically performed using gel electrophoresis, TUNEL and AO/EB staining. Characteristic DNA ladder was clearly visualized with gel electrophoresis in the hippocampus in cerebral ischemia group, but not in LIP group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampus was significantly reduced by LIP from 69.8+/-12 (cerebral ischemia group) to 17.8+/-5.8 (P<0.01). AO/EB staining also showed a reduction of apoptosis in LIP group compared with cerebral ischemia group. These results suggest that LIP can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which contributes to the protection against the delayed neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemic insult.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; Pyramidal Cells ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control