No abstract available.
Brachiocephalic Veins

Lipomas are common soft tissue tumors that are located in the body tissues containing adipose tissues. However, lipomas arising from the walls of a vein are very rare. Intravascular lipomas have been described most commonly in association with the inferior vena cava. Intravascualar lipomas involving the subclavian vein are rare. We are reporting a case of an asymptomatic lipoma of the right subclavian vein, growing into the right brachiocephalic vein.
Brachiocephalic Veins ; Lipoma ; Subclavian Vein ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Inferior

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent insertion incentral venous steno-occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 1992 and January 1998, 11 patients with symptomatic central venous steno-occlusion(six stenoses and five occlusions) underwent pereutaneous treatment. Eleven PTAs were performed and stents were introduced in two patients because of incomplete PTA. During follow-up, a total of eight revisions were performed in five patients with recurrence(six stenoses and two occlusions). Success and long term patency rates were evaluated. The length and degree of the lesion and degree of residualstenosis, as well as pressure gradient through the lesion and decrease of the gradient after PTA, were correlated with patency rates. Complications during the procedures and follow-up period were evaluated. RESULT: The overall success rate was 89.5%; those of primary and revision intervention were 90.9% and 87.5%, respectively. Primary and revision patency rates were 72.7% and 50%, respectively, at 6 months, and 40% and 25% at 12 months. In five patients who underwent revision, primary and secondary patency rates were 80% and 100% at 6 months, 40% and 80% at 12 months, and 0% and 60% at 18 months. Only reduction of the pressure gradient after PTA correlated significantly with patency rates. No significant complications observed during the procedures follow-up period. CONCLUSION: PTA and stent insertion is effective for the treatment of central venous steno-occlusion.
Angioplasty* ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Stents*

Subaortic left brachiocephalic vein is a rare congenital anomaly that is sometimes found in the normal population. We report here on a case of subaortic left brachiocephalic vein that was detected incidentally by performing contrast transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with using agitated saline and computed tomography (CT).
Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Dihydroergotamine ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal

Percutaneous venous angioplasty and stent placement is a effective procedure in the treatment of central venous stenosis and occlusion. But multiple repeat interventions are occasionally required due to restenosis. Self expandable stent is preferred to balloon expandable stent in case of brachiocephalic vein stenting due to anatomic consideration and veinous characteristics. We reported two cases of successful recanalization using self expandable stent of the occlusive kinked in-stent restenosis of the previous balloon expandable stent at left brachiocephalic vein occlusion.
Angioplasty ; Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis ; Stents*

We experienced a case in which a central venous catheter (CVC) was misplaced into the wrong vein, which was mistaken for the internal jugular vein (IJV), identified by chest x-ray and ultrasound. The vertebral vein passes through the transverse foramina from the atlas to the 6th cervical vertebra. After exiting the transverse foramen of the 6th vertebra, the vein subsequently runs anterolateral to the vertebral artery and posterior to the IJV and drains the innominate vein. In this case, chest x-ray and ultrasound revealed that the inserted CVC had a course very similar to the vertebral vein. The misplacement of a CVC into the vertebral vein might occur from excessive rotation of the patient's head, which leads to alterations in the cervical vascular anatomy, and from deep insertion of the puncture needle. Therefore, it is advised, for safe CVC insertion, to minimize a patient's head rotation and to make use of ultrasound when the anatomical structures cannot be clearly identified.
Brachiocephalic Veins ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Head ; Jugular Veins ; Needles ; Punctures ; Spine ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography ; Veins* ; Vertebral Artery

A malformation of azygos and hemiazygos system were observed from the cadaver for anatomy practice in College of Medicine, Chungnam National University. The observing results were as followings ; Hemiazygos vein was connected with left superior vena cava and drained into coronary sinus, which engorged enough to fill up with blood about 20cc to 30cc. Communicating pathway from hemiazygos vein to azygos veln wasn't found the diameter of left brachiocephalic vein was very small, about 2mm to 3mm. And, the diameter of left internal jugular vein was smaller than that of right infernal jugular vein. In this case, the azygos and hemiazygos system ceased its development at early embryologic stage(around 7 week embryo) and didn't progress into next stage.
Brachiocephalic Veins ; Cadaver ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Coronary Sinus ; Jugular Veins ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior

A 46-year-old male sustained severe pe- netrating injury by a sharp instrument to his right upper sternoclavicular junction. The wound tract was from suprasternal notch to mediastinum. Exploratory operation via median sternotomy under general anesthesia found a large mediastinal septum hematoncus, as well as brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein injuries. The perforating vascular wounds were repaired with 5-0 prolene suture. He was recovered uneventfully and discharged 9 days after operation. There was no sequel found during 7 years follow-up.
Brachiocephalic Trunk ; injuries ; surgery ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sternoclavicular Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Wounds, Penetrating ; surgery

Anaplastic thryoid carcinomas are very aggressive and lethal solid tumors; they sometimes show microscopic vascular invasions, but they rarely result in tumor thrombus in the internal jugular vein or in the other great veins of the neck. We encountered a 64-year-old woman with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and a tumor thrombus that extended from the Lt. internal jugular vein to the innominate vein. Palliative total thyroidectomy, modified radical neck dissection and segmental resection of the Lt. internal jugular vein were done, along with removal of the intravascular tumor thrombus. We recommended postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the patient refused additional treatments. We report here on this case for which we first experienced anaplastic thryoid carcinoma associated with tumor thrombus of the internal jugular vein.
Brachiocephalic Veins ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Radiotherapy ; Thrombosis* ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic* ; Thyroidectomy ; Veins

Catheterization of the innominate vein or superior vena cava vein via the external and internal jugular veins was attempted in 68 pediatric patients weighing less than 20 kg in body weight who were scheduled for cardiovascular and pulmonary surgery. Both jugular veins were utilized in 63 cases, of these, and post operative X-ray confirmed a 19% malposition rate. Catheterization was performed in 45 cases throuhg the left external jugular veins and in 18 cases through the right external jugular vein,and the malposition rates were 25% and 6% respectively. The right internal jugular vein, utilized in 5 cases and, all provided successful results. Difficulty was encountered in passing of the catheter in 32% of the cases using both external jugular veins. Catheter curling was noted in 1 cases. No complications were encountered during and after catheterization.
Body Weight ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Child* ; Humans ; Jugular Veins* ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior