Objective:To observe the effect of reward alteration following acupuncture for morphine withdrawal rats on the behavior and neuronal discharges in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Methods:The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into a model group, a confinement group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group, and a control group. Rats with morphine addiction were made by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone (same dose injection of saline for rats in the control group), followed by a 2-week morphine withdrawal. Acupuncture and confinement were completed during the morphine withdrawal period. Upon withdrawal, the rats received conditioned place preference (CPP) training and open field test. The multi-channel neural signal processor was used in the electrophysiological experiment to measure the neuronal discharges in different subareas of prefrontal cortex in CPP box and aversion box. Results:Rats in the model group and the confinement group spent longer period of time in CPP box than those in the EA group and the control group (allP<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the EA group and the control group. The total distances of movement by rats in the model group and the confinement group were longer than those in the EA group and the control group (allP<0.01). The mPFC neuronal discharge frequencies were compared between morphine preference box and aversion box. The mPFC neuronal discharge frequencies in the model group and the confinement group were higher than those in the EA group and the control group (allP<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference between the EA group and the control group. Conclusion:Acupuncture can effectively interfere with the reward alteration following morphine withdrawal, possibly because of its involvement with the mPFC neuronal discharges.

Objective To study the effect of lung cancer prevention in Baoji city, one of the cities with high lung cancer morbidity in China. Methods To investigate the mortality of lung cancer from 1992 to 1996 in Baoji and compare it with the data of Baoji in 1970s and the current data in whole China. Information of lung cancer pa- tients was collected from the Malignant Tunout Monitoring Station in Baoji. To investigate by sampling survey the status of smoking of Baoji population based on the principle of clustering random sampling. Information about air pollution in 1980s and 1990s was obtained from the Environmental Monitoring Station in Baoji. ResultsComparing with 1970s, the crude mortality rates of lung cancer in Baoji in 1992～ 1996 increased both in males and females,but the range was narrower than that in whole China. Ajusted mortality rates of lung cancer didn＇t change in females but decreased in males. However, either crude or adjusted mortality rate was lower than the average level of the whole country. The status of air pollution has been improved dramatically since the early 1980s in Baoji. So far, except to- tal suspended particles (TSP), NOx and SO2 levels have reached the Criteria of Air Quality of China. But the smoking rate was still higher. ConclusionThe prevention of lung cancer in Baoji is effective, but the role of measures needs further study. Baoji should not be considered as a city with high lung cancer morbidity in our country at present.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and incidence of depression in patients with different lo-cations and pathological types of brain tumors. Methods Hamilton Depression Scale (HRSD) was used to assess the de-pression in 140 patients with brain tumor before and after operation. Results The preoperative mean depression rating score was 15.36 ± 6.52 and the prevalence rate of depression was 50 cases (35.7%) in 140 patients with brain tumor. The postoperative mean score of depression was 9.71 ± 5.55 and the prevalence rate of depression was 9 cases (6.4%) in 140 patients with brain tumor. The postoperative depression score and the prevalence rate was significantly decreased after op-eration (P<0.05)(χ2=36.10,P<0.05). The postoperative depression score in either benign or malignant brain tumors was significantly lower after than before operation(all P<0.05)The postoperative depression score in either the left or right or bilateral brain lesions were significantly decreased after than before operation(all P<0.05).Conclusion Pa-tients with brain tumors have different degrees of depression in perioperative. Depression may be associated with brain tu-mour pathological types and lesion sites in patients with brain tumors.

Objective Through the establishment of adjacent cabin blast injury model of Beagle dog,to investigate the pathophysiological changes in the experimental animals in this scenario,then speculate on the mechanisms of injury.Methods Several adjacent cabins were built in the same size with the real warship.Seven Beagle dogs were subjected to injuries from the explosion,from whom one was selected randomly to implant intracranial pressure transducers before blast,the others were tested on the pathophysiological changes after blast.The dogs were mounted on the platform of a cabinet in the adjacent cabin,subjected to injury from 650g bare TNT explosive blast.The transducers recorded the value of space and intracranial shock wave pressure.Following blast treatment,the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,neuron specific enolase (NSE),brain and chest CT and pathological changes of the brain tissue were observed.Results Serum levels of IL-6,IL-8 and NSE were elevated to varying degrees after blast.All of them increased significantly at different time points after blast (P＜0.05).Brain and chest CT examinations did not show any significant positive results.Pathological results showed that there was a little necrosis in the brain,some neurons had karyopycnosis,karyolysis or disappearance of the nucleoli,and the cell boundaries were blurred.The blast wave was blocked greatly by the scalp and skull (about 90％),but could still penetrate them and cause brain injuries.Conclusions Explosion in the adjacent cabin causes mainly mild traumatic brain injuries.Blast wave can be blocked by the scalp and skull greatly.

Based on the questionnaire survey among 10 Traditional Chinese Medicine medical institutions in Beijing , this paper found that 65 . 2％ of the medical staffs and 82 . 0％ of the patients agreed to include the medical expertise into Traditional Chinese Medicine service system;37 . 3％ of the medical staffs believed that there was a certain risk of relaxing access of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinics, and 38. 4％ of the patients showed that they would choose private clinics to see a doctor. Most medical staffs considered that the current risks of Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis and treatment focused on standardized use of toxic decoction pieces and overdose of drugs. Medical staffs were most concerned about the risk of"diagnosis and treatment" on the Internet, were least worried about the risk of "distribution". The clinic registration system of the Law of the People ' s Republic of China on TCM, the registration system of the processed concocted decoction pieces, and the unclear scope of diagnosis and treatment technology posed challenges to future risk management, and it need to adopt the following countermeasures to respond:establishing a new multiple and multi-level risk management mechanism, exploring differentiated supervision, perfecting the technical norms and application scope of Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis and treatment, establishing a special system for regulating Traditional Chinese Medicine health care services, and establishing and improving a flexible supervision and law enforcement model to protect the legitimate rights and interests of relatives.

Objective: To investigate and understand the causes of partial disorder in health care market of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate 410 medical staff and 535 patients in 10 traditional Chinese medicine medical institutions in Beijing. Self-filling questionnaires were used to obtain relevant data on their views on partial disorder of health care services in traditional Chinese medicine. Statistical software SPSS22.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Firstly, both doctors and patients believed that "unclear functions of supervision department" was the main cause of some disorder in health care industry of TCM. Secondly, medical staff were more inclined than patients to think that the main causes were "lack of access threshold for institutions and personnel", "unclear functions of supervision department"and "lack of basis for law enforcement". Thirdly, 63.0％ of medical staff said that the legal system most needed to promote the healthy development of health care industry in traditional Chinese medicine was "industry standard system". Conclusion: According to the results of the survey, this paper holds that the healthy development of health care services in traditional Chinese medicine should be ensured by standardizing the supervision system of health care in traditional Chinese medicine, strengthening the construction of industry standards, establishing the self-regulatory mechanism of the industry, standardizing the media propaganda of health care in traditional Chinese medicine, and strengthening the ethical constraints of practitioners.

Different from Western medicine theory, Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge is tacit knowledge, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge system also is a complete system independent from the Western medicine system. But the protection for Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge nowadays still mainly stems from the Western intellectual property system. The current intellectual property system is in a dilemma in the protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its limitations, and it urgently needs to build a special knowledge protection system that is specially applicable to traditional knowledge;while using genetic resources protection system and benefit sharing system of traditional knowledge from Convention on Biological Diversity to protect Traditional Chinese Medicine has its advanced nature and rationality. In the premise of clarifying the definition of "intellectual property right of Traditional Chinese Medicine", this paper proposed 5 countermeasures and suggestions, including establishing the legal content of Traditional Chinese Medicine intellectual property, promoting the legislative coordination of existing intellectual property law and the Law of the People' s Republic of China on TCM, strengthening the institutional coordination of the Law of the People' s Republic of China on TCM, the Law of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Law of the People' s Republic of China on Drug Administration, promoting the institutional innovation at the local legislation level, and building a benefit sharing mechanism for the holders of Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge.

Discrimination against patients with mental disorders and the resulting stigma will not only affect patients’ medical treatment, but also bring about community isolation and lack of resources. Mental health problems have become a major public health problem and a prominent social problem. From the perspective of bioethics, the existence of public mental disorders stigma violates the principles of justice and respect. This paper quantitatively described the status quo of public mental disorders stigma in China, and explored its influencing factors through factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The public stigma of mental disorders score was (54.64±11.048). Factor analysis extracted 4 common factors, namely isolation, pain, contact, and empathy, with a cumulative explained variance of 68.948%. The results showed that age and contact history were the main factors affecting the public stigma of mental disorders. It is recommended to reduce discrimination by enhancing understanding and improving empathy. Specifically, it is to implement the personal liability for discrimination through ethical regulation and legal construction, and strengthen the concept of a community of shared future for mankind by creating a tolerant social atmosphere, so as to achieve an appropriate balance between public safety and individual rights and interests.

Discrimination against patients with mental disorders and the resulting stigma will not only affect patients’ medical treatment, but also bring about community isolation and lack of resources. Mental health problems have become a major public health problem and a prominent social problem. From the perspective of bioethics, the existence of public mental disorders stigma violates the principles of justice and respect. This paper quantitatively described the status quo of public mental disorders stigma in China, and explored its influencing factors through factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The public stigma of mental disorders score was (54.64±11.048). Factor analysis extracted 4 common factors, namely isolation, pain, contact, and empathy, with a cumulative explained variance of 68.948%. The results showed that age and contact history were the main factors affecting the public stigma of mental disorders. It is recommended to reduce discrimination by enhancing understanding and improving empathy. Specifically, it is to implement the personal liability for discrimination through ethical regulation and legal construction, and strengthen the concept of a community of shared future for mankind by creating a tolerant social atmosphere, so as to achieve an appropriate balance between public safety and individual rights and interests.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of mini-hook locking plate fixation for the treatment of avulsion intra-articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal joint.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 13 patients with avulsion intra-articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal joint admitted to Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University from June 2016 to December 2017. There were nine males and four females, aged 22-61 years [(46.0±1.3)years]. All patients had closed fracture. According to Pechlaner classification, there were 5 patients with Grade A1 and 8 patients with Grade B1. All fractures were treated with open reduction and mini-hook locking plate internal fixation. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, internal fixation position and bone healing time were recorded. The target joint range of motion (ROM) and grip strength were compared with the contralateral side two months after operation. Hand function was evaluated by total active motion (ATM). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was evaluated before operation two months after operation. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.Results:All the patients were followed up for 9-19 months [(11.3±1.1)months]. The operation lasted for 20-30 minutes [(25.5±1.3)minutes], with blood loss of 5-10 ml [(5.5±1.3)ml]. After operation, anatomical reduction was achieved in all patients and position of implant placement was suitable. Bone healing time was 4-8 weeks [(4.7±0.3)weeks] for all fractures. There were no significant differences in the target joint ROM compared with the contralateral side two months after operation ( P>0.05). ATM was excellent in 11 patients and good in 2, with excellent rate of 100%. VAS was significantly decreased from preoperative (5.9±1.1)points to (0.5±0.1)points two months after operation ( P<0.05). No internal fixation failure or wound infection occurred after operation. Conclusion:For avulsion intra-articular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal joint, mini-hook locking plate internal fixation has advantages of shortened operation time, rigid internal fixation after anatomical reduction, shortened bone healing time, fast recovery of hand function, obvious pain relief and few complications, which provides a treatment alternative for clinics.