OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hydrophilic polymers on the stability of self-microemulsifying drug deliv-ery systems (SMEDDS). METHODS:Taking felodipine (FDP) as model drug,the content of FDP was determined by HPLC method. The effects of pure water,0.5% Kollidon VA64,HPMC E5,HPMC K100LV,HPMC K4M,PVP K30 solution,while 0.1%,0.5% and 1.0% HPMC E5 and Kollidon VA64 on residual content of dissolved FDP were determined in SMEDDS. RE-SULTS:The residual contents of dissolved FDP in SMEDDS placed in Kollidon VA64,HPMC E5,HPMC K100LV,PVP K30, HPMC K4M and pure water for 1 h were 92.7%,63.6%,50.2%,46.2%,36.0%and 24.0%,respectively. The order of maintain-ing the supersaturation state was Kollidon VA64>HPMC E5>HPMC K100LV>PVP K30>HPMC K4M>pure water. The residu-al contents of dissolved FDP in SMEDDS placed in 0.1%,0.5%,1% Kollidon VA64 and HPMC E5 and pure water for 1 h were 93.2%,95.1%,96.0% and 48.4%,62.1%,75.1%. CONCLUSIONS:Kollidon VA64 and HPMC E5 can significantly inhibit drug release in SMEDDS and be used as stabilizer of SMEDDS,wherein Kollidon VA64 was better.

Objective The cytotoxic microbial strains isolated from the deep ocean water and sediments were screened,and the secondary metabolites of bioactive fungus c2b were investi- gated.Methods Active bioactive microbial strains were screened using brine shrimp and chro- nic medulla leucocythemia leukocythemia(K562)cell line.The cytotoxic components of fun- gus c2b were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and solvent extraction,silica gel col- umn chromatography and preparative HPLC.Their structures were established by pbysico- chemical properties and spectral analyses.The cytotoxicities of compounds were evaluated by SRB method.Results and Conclusion Twenty-nine strains of fungi were isolated.Among them,seven strains showed cytotoxic activities.Six compounds(1～6)were isolated and i- dentified as N-acetyl histamine(1),chrysogine(2),ergosterol peroxide(3),5,8-epidioxy- 24-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3?-ol(4)cerevisterol(5)and(4E,8E)-N-[(2'R,3'E)-2'-hy- droxy-3'-hexadecenoyl]-1-O-?-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadiene(6),respective- ly.Compound 3 and 4 showed median cytotoxicity.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in the early diagnosis of neonatal myocardial injury (NMI). Methods The GPBB and H-FABP levels in the blood were detected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after onset of the NMI. The GPBB and H-FABP levels were compared among NMI, Non-NMI and control groups. The NMI diagnosis sensitivity and specificity for GPBB, H-FABP, GPBB combined with H-FABP were compared. The relationships of GPBB, H-FABP levels with the risk factors were analyzed. Results The GPBB and H-FABP levels of NMI group were higher than those of Non-NMI and control groups (P < 0.01). The diagnosis sensitivity of four time points (3, 6, 12 and 24 h) of combined GPBB and H-FABP were higher than those of the GPBB and H-FABP (P < 0.05). The GPBB and H-FABP were negatively correlated with blood glucose level, positively correlated with asphyxia degree and septicemia degree. Conclusion The combined application of GPBB and H-FABP can improve sensitivity in the early diagnosis of NMI.

The previous pharmacokinetic methods can be only limited to drug analysis in vitro, which provide less information on the distribution and metabolismof drugs, and limit the interpretation and assessment of pharmacokinetics, the determination of metabolic principles, and evaluation of treatment effect. The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of gene recombination angiogenesis inhibitor Kringle 5 in vivo. The SPECT/CT and specific 131I-Kringle 5 marked by Iodogen method were both applied to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 131I-Kringle 5 in vivo, and to investigate the dynamic distributions of 131I-Kringle 5 in target organs. Labeling recombinant angio-genesis inhibitor Kringle 5 using 131I with longer half-life and imaging in vivo using SPECT instead of PET, could overcome the limitations of previous methods. When the doses of 131I-Kringle 5 were 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0 g/kg, respectively, the two-compartment open models can be determined within all the metabolic process in vivo. There were no significant differences in t1/2α, t1/2β, apparent volume of distribution and CL between those three levels. The ratio of AUC(0 ? 1) among three different groups of 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0 g/kg was 2.56:1.44:1.0, which was close to the ratio (2:1.5:1.0). It could be clear that in the range of 5.0–10.0 g/kg, Kringle 5 was characterized by the first-order pharmacokinetics. Approximately 30 min after 131I-Kringle 5 was injected, 131I-Kringle 5 could be observed to concentrate in the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs by means of planar imaging and tomography. After 1 h of being injected, more radionuclide retained in the bladder, but not in intestinal. It could be concluded that 131I-Kringle 5 is mainly excreted through the kidneys. About 2 h after the injection of 131I-Kringle 5, the radionuclide in the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs was gradually reduced, while more radionuclide was concentrated in the bladder. The radionuclide was completely metabolized within 24 h, and the distribution of radioactivity in rats was similar to normal levels. In our study, the specific marker 131I-Kringle 5 and SPECT/CT were suc-cessfully used to explore pharmacokinetic characteristics of Kringle 5 in rats. The study could provide a new evaluation platform of the specific, in vivo and real-time functional imaging and pharmacokinetics for the clinical application of 131I-Kringle 5.

Objective To study the rat pulmonary irritant of aerosol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection .Methods Rats were devided into two groups for each medicine (low concentration group and high concentration group ) ,nebulized drug administration for seven days ,with the control group irrigated with saline ,and were sacrificed .Through bronchoalveolar lav-age ,excurrent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was used for total protein determination and LDH vitality test to evaluate pulmonary toxicity of two medicines .Results The protein concentrations of two groups in low and high concentrations of Tan-reqing and Reduning respectively are (193 .78 ± 27 .74) ,(235.33 ± 50.41)μg/ml;(174 .02 ± 17 .82) ,(227 .27 ± 66 .03)μg/ml;LDH vitalities respectively are 1065 .21 ± 181 .76 ,1467 .33 ± 101 .87;307 .97 ± 47 .56 ,1377 .29 ± 566 .48 .By t-test ,compared with normal saline ,there was no significant effect among these five groups on protein concentration ,but these two medicine were able to improve LDH activity (P<0 .05) which was more obvious in high concentration group .When two medicines were in low concentration ,LDH activity was higher in Tanreqing group with statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Aero-sol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection in rats have some pulmonary irritation and potential safety hazard in this delivery w ay .

Attitude to Health ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; ethics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; psychology ; Male ; Singapore ; Students ; psychology ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; ethics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Universities ; Young Adult

Objective : To learn the awareness of chronic diseases prevention and control and its influencing factors among high school students in regions inhabited by ethnic groups,so as to strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases among adolescents in these regions. Methods: Totally 1 050 high school students in Tuquan County,Hinggan League,Inner Mongolia were selected by cluster sampling method. The general information,family factors,attitude to learning,psychological factors,behavioral styles and awareness of chronic diseases prevention and control were investigated,and the influencing factors for the awareness were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: There were 1 001 valid questionnaires recovered,with a response rate of 95.33%. There were 685 Han students,accounting for 68.43%,241 Mongol students,accounting for 24.08%,and 75 students with other ethnic minorities,accounting for 7.49%. The average awareness rate of chronic diseases prevention and control was 53.25%;the awareness rates of hypertension prevention measures,smoking and drinking hazards,food susceptible to aflatoxin pollution and high cholesterol food were high,all more than 70%;while the awareness rates of long-term high lipid hazards,high blood pressure diagnosis standard and diabetes symptoms was low,all less than 40%. There was no significant difference in the awareness rate of chronic diseases prevention and control among different nationalities（P>0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the students who were female（OR=1.309,95%CI：1.008-1.700）,had high achievement（OR=1.509,95%CI：1.055-2.159）,and thought exams were important（OR=1.570,95%CI：1.204-2.046）were more likely to have high awareness,while the students who spent five to less than eight hours a day on screens（OR=0.514,95%CI：0.335-0.789）were less likely to have high awareness. Conclusions The awareness rate of chronic diseases prevention and control of high school students in Tuquan County is 53.25%,and there is no significant difference between Mongol and Han students. Gender,academic performance,attitude to examination and time spent on screens can affect the awareness rate.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the childhood trauma and neruocognition in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Sixty-two patients with schizophrenic were selected from Anhui mental health center, and sixty-three community health controls were selected. All subjects were assessed with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), Wisconsin card sorting Test (WCST), attention network test (ANT), verbal fluency test (VFT) and digit span test (DST). SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. t-test was used to compare the measurement data of normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the measurement data of non-normal distribution. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CTQ score and cognitive function score. Results:Compared with health controls(34.00(30.00, 37.00), 6.00 (5.00, 7.00), 5.00(5.00, 5.00), 5.00(5.00, 5.00), 9.00(6.00, 11.00), 7.00(6.00, 10.00)), the total score of CTQ, subscores of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect in patients with schizophrenia were significantly increased (48.50(37.75, 57.00), 9.00(6.00, 12.25), 7.00(5.00, 9.25), 5.50(5.00, 7.25), 13.00 (9.00, 16.25), 11.00(8.00, 13.00)) ( Z=-4.781--6.724, all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the number of WCST classification completed in the patient group was lower, while the number of wrong answers, continuous answers and persistent errors increased ( Z=-5.655--6.060, all P< 0.01). The correct rate of ant decreased, but the reaction time increased ( Z=-5.796, -6.094, all P< 0.01). VFT and DST scores were decreased ( Z=-3.492--8.499, both P< 0.01). In patients with schizophrenia, CTQ sexual abuse subscore were negatively correlated with completed categories scores ( r=-0.384) and positively correlated with total errors ( r=0.360), perseverative responses( r=0.394) and perseverative errors ( r=0.381) on WCST(all P<0.01). CTQ physical neglect scores were negatively correlated with the ANT correct ratio( r=-0.400) and conflict resolution( r=-0.417) (all P<0.01). CTQ emotional neglect scores were negatively correlated with VFT scores( r=-0.345) ( P<0.01). The significant associations remained after controlling for age, education and PANSS scores. Conclusion:Patients with schizophrenia experience more traumatic events in their early years and have extensive cognitive defects. The childhood trauma has negative effects on cognitive flexibility, attention, memory and speech function in patients with schizophrenia.However, the positive correlation between childhood trauma and executive conflict of attention network needs to be further verified and explored.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate long-term survivals and toxicities of early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic area, evaluating the role of chemotherapy in stage II patients. Materials and Methods: Totally 187 patients with newly diagnosed NPC and restaged American Joint Committee on Cancer/ International Union Against Cancer 8th T1-2N0-1M0 were retrospectively recruited. All received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)±chemotherapy (CT) from 2001 to 2010. Results: With 15.7-year median follow-up, 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were 93.3%, 93.5%, 92.9% and 88.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed cervical lymph nodes positive and pre-treatment prognostic nutritional index ≥ 52.0 could independently predict DMFS (p=0.036 and p=0.011), DSS (p=0.014 and p=0.026), and OS (p=0.002 and p < 0.001); Charlson comorbidity index < 3 points could predict DSS (p=0.011); age > 45 years (p=0.002) and pre-treatment lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 240 U/L (p < 0.001) predicted OS. No grade 4 late toxicity happened; grade 3 late toxicities included subcutaneous fibrosis (4.3%), deafness or otitis (4.8%), skin dystrophy (2.1%), and xerostomia (1.1%). No differences on survivals were shown between IMRT+CT vs. IMRT alone in stage II patients, even in T2N1M0 (p > 0.05). Unsurprising, patients in IMRT+CT had more acute gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression, mucositis, late ear toxicity, and cranial nerve injury (all p < 0.05) than IMRT alone group. Conclusion Superior tumor control and satisfying long-term outcomes could be achieved with IMRT in early-stage NPC with mild late toxicities. As CT would bring more toxicities, it should be carefully performed to stage II patients.

Objective:To establish a predictive equation for the osmolarity of parenteral nutritional prescription in China.Methods:From July 2019 to September 2019, 2 480 individualized samples of 328 different parenteral nutritional prescriptions (adult) of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected, and the osmolarity of parenteral nutritional solution samples was determined by a freezing point reduction method. Pearson χ2 test and a multiple linear regression analysis were utilized to establish a prediction equation for the osmolality of parenteral nutritional solution. Results:The average osmolarity of parenteral nutritional prescription was (1 164.20 ± 252.59) mOsm/kg, and the best fitting equation was (9.66A+ 7.88G+ 3.52F+ 36.4Na+ 27.55K+ 3.38P+ 7.46W-250)/V.Conclusion:The osmolarity is determined accurately and effectively by the fitting equation, which provide a benefit reference for the formulation, review and selection of clinical parenteral nutrition prescription especially in China.