Objective To investigate the risk factors,clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and history of stroke. Methods A total of 771 patients with acute myocardial infarction diagnosed and admitted to Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2005 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into either a stroke group (n=387)or a control group (n=384)according to whether they had previous ischemic stroke or not. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease,clinical characteristics of the disease,and clinical outcomes of the patients in both groups were compared through the case control analysis. The endpoint events observed were acute ischemic stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,and cause of death during hospitalization. Results (1)The median age of the patients in both stroke and control groups was 71 (37-91 )and 62 (29-90 )years respectively. The female patients in the stroke group were more than those in the control group (n=125 vs. n=91). The incidence of complicated with hypertension (72. 9%[n=282]and 47. 6%[n=183]) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (39. 0%[n=151]and 20. 8%[n=80]respectively)were high. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). (2)The time from the onset to admission in patients of the stroke group was longer than that in patients of the control group (median 11 h vs. 4 h). The incidence of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (16. 0%[n = 62 ]and 1. 8%[n = 7 ] respectively)was higher. The incidences of complicated with gastric stress ulcer (7. 0%[n =27 ]and 2. 1%[n=8]respectively),atrial fibrillation (10. 6%[n=41]and 3. 9%[n=15]respectively),and acute pulmonary edema-cardiac function Killip class≥Ⅱ(51. 9%[n =201 ]and 37. 8%[n =145 ] respectively)were more higher. The findings of coronary angiography in patients of the stroke group were that the incidence of left main coronary artery or 3 -branch lesion higher than that of the control group (52. 9%[126/238]and 32. 4%[97/299]respectively). There was significant difference (P <0. 05). (3)The incidence of new stroke in patients of the stroke group (5. 7%[n =22 ]and 1. 8%[n =7 ] respectively)and in hospital mortality (13. 7%[n=53]and 7. 6%[n=29]respectively)were higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences (P<0. 01). Conclusion The age of the patients with acute myocardial infarction with previous identified history of stroke is older. The incidence of female patients is higher than that of the non-stroke patients,and most of them have risk factors that complicated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. These patients often have the complications with peptic ulcer disease and heart failure,and their coronary angiography often show multi-branch lesions,and they are more prone to ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular events during the hospitalization.

Objective: To search for the best condition of microwave assisted extraction(MAE) for the flavonoids in Radix glycyrrliza and to compare with traditional boiling water extraction(WE). Methods: MAE and BWE were adopted, and its proper experimental conditions were examined and optimized by means of uniform design. The flavonoids in Radix glucyrrliza were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: Appropriate MAE conditions included extraction time of 1min, ethanol concentration of 38%, liquid/solid ratios of 8∶1(ml/g) and the power of microwave oven of 288W, the recovery of flavonoids from Radix glycyrrliza with MAE(24.6mg/g) was higher than BWE (11.4mg/g). Conclusion: Compared with traditional boiling water extraction(BWE), the experiment results demonstrated higher extracting rate and shorter extracting time. It indicated that MAE was more suitable to extraction of the flavonoids.

Aim To study of the expression and distribution of four α-synuclein truncations in three cells.Method Four α-synuclein gene truncations were obtained by PCR method,followed by subcloning into the pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic expression vector.Four obtained recombination plasmids were transfected into MN9D cells,PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells using Lipofectamine 2000 respectively.The expression and distribution of four α-synuclein truncations were observed by Confocal.Results Distribution of four α-synuclein truncations was discrepant obviously,the truncations,with more C terminal remained,were prone to emerging in nuclei.Conclusion Localization of α-synuclein protein in cells may be related to the C terminal,and the whole C terminal plays an important role in distribution of α-synuclein into nuclei.

Aim To iuvestigate the effect and the mechanism of salmonmilt DNA (SMD) on age-related involutions in mouse thymus. MethodsFemale BALB/c of 10 months were divided randomly into three groupsaccording to their weights: high dosage group 333.33 mg/(kg @ d), lowdosage group 166. 67 mg/(kg @ d) and control group 0 mg/(kg @ d) .After five weeks, with Image-Pro Plus (version. 4.0) software, the thymusindexes and the thymoctytes in the thymus section were measured, as wellas the thymus cortex thickness. All the data were analyzed by SAS statisticsoftware. Mieroarray technique was applied to screen the gene fragments,which were differently expressed between the high dosage group and thecontrol group, together with RT-PCR to further confirm some of them.Results No significant differences of the variables including bodyweight, thymus weight and thymus indexes among the three groups werefound (F ＜ 3.0 and P ＞ 0.05, respectively). The thymocytes quanti-ties of thymus cortex and medulla in the high dosage group were significantlyhigher than those of the control group [cortex D(H, C) = 9.46, P ＜ 0.01;medulla t( H.C) = 2.53, P ＜ 0.05]. The thymus cortex thicknesses of bothSMD supplement groups were significantly higher than that of the control group[cortex D(L,C)=3.65, P＞ 0.05; medulla t(L, C)=0.8, P＞ 0.05] .112differently expressed gene fragments were isolated. Furthermore, we foundthe fragments with the logged number of U23789, X80232 and Aw209102were highly expressed in the high dosage group when RT-PCR techniquewas used. Conclusion SMD may reverse the age-related involutions inmouse thymus via up-regulation the expression of proliferation related genesand development and differentiation related genes simultaneously.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPOC) on myocardial perfusion and prognosis in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who were treated with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 203 patients with STEMI who received emergency PCI were randomly divided into IPOC group (n=103) and control group (n=100). For the patients of IPOC group the angioplasty balloon was re-inflated within one minute after the beginning of reperfusion, the procedure was repeated three times, each time the inflation of balloon lasted for 1 minute using low-pressure (4-6 atm), and the interval between the inflation procedures was one minute. For the patients of the control group , no additional intervention was employed during the first 6 minutes of reperfusion. Cardiac troponin I(cTnI) peaks, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) peaks, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), wall motion score index (WMSI), corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred during hospitalization time in both groups were recorded and the results were compared between the two groups. Results No significant differences in age, sex, risk factors, infarction-related artery, ischemia time, etc. existed between the two groups (P>0.05). The CTFC values of IPOC group were significantly faster than those of the control group, that was (25.3±7.9) vs.(29.4±8.4),(P<0.05). The CK-MB peak and cTnI peak values of IPOC group were remarkably lower than those of the control group, those were (157.3 ±83.6) U/L vs. (201.5 ±77.3) U/L and (2.5 ±1.3) ng/mL vs. (3.1 ±1.0) ng/mL respectively (P<0.05). At the time of admission, there were no significantly differences in the LVEF and WMSI values between the two groups, and three months after PCI the LVEF and WMSI values of IPOC group were significantly better than those of the control group, those were (57.4 ±8.7)% vs. (53.6 ±9.3)% and (1.19 ±0.4) vs. (1.27 ±0.3) respectively, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Three months after PCI, the occurrence of MACE in IPOC group was obviously lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can improve the infarction-related artery blood flow in patients with STEMI who receive emergency PCI treatment, it can also reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve the cardiac function as well as patient’s prognosis after AMI.

This study was aimed to establish the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) model of ginsenoside Rb1 following the intravenous administration of Shengmai injection in subjects with stable angina pectoris.A total of stable angina pectoris were selected and received Shengmai injection for 14 days.Plasma samples were collected at different time points.Plasma concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS).The concentration-time curves (AUC) were drawn,and then the PK parameters were calculated.The systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were monitored,and the combined PK-PD model was established based on the theory of effect compartment.The results showed that PK of ginsenoside Rb1 conformed to a mono-compartment model.The effect of Shengmai injection lagged behind the concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 in plasma.The effect exhibited good correlation with ginsenoside Rb1 in effect compartment.The relationship between effect and plasma concentrations fits the Inhibitory Effect Imax model.It was concluded that the study successfully established the combined PK-PD model of ginsenoside Rb1 in subjects with angina pectoris.The model can efficiently evaluate the effective substance of Shengmai injection.

In the item bank construction of medical microbiology examination questions,the accurate difficulty coefficient is an important parameter to guarantee the quality of the bank.Thus,the accurate difficulty estimate plays an important role in the item bank construction of examination questions.Methods of estimating the difficulty of medical microbiology test questions were explored,based on the knowledge points,the type of test questions,the structure of test questions and the degree of students’ familiarity with the questions and so on.Finally,the feasibility of methods was confirmed through the simulated tests.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the anxiety problems in hospitalized COVID-19 patients so as to provide evidence for formulation of relevant mental health management strategies.Methods:A Psychological Questionnaire for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan was used to investigate the anxiety status of the COVID-19 patients who had been hospitalized to Wuhan Tong Ji Hospital which had been assisted by Peking University People's Hospital. The patients were categorized into a mild group and a non-mild group according to The Diagnosis and Management Protocols for COVID-19 (Trial version 7). The population characteristics, anxiety status and disease recovery were analyzed in the 2 groups. Scores from 0 to 7 indicated no anxiety and ≥ 8 anxiety.Results:A total of 46 patients were included in this study, including 28 men and 18 women aged from 23 to 78 years (average, 60.9 years). There were 13 mild cases and 33 non-mild ones. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in age or gender ( P>0.05). Of all the patients, 52.2% (24 cases) had a close relative or family member definitely diagnosed of COVID-19. To the question "Do you have any worry?" , 73.9% of the patients (34 cases) answered yes. The mild cases scored 7.3 points±2.0 points, showing mild anxiety; the non-mild cases scored 8.7 points±1.2 points, showing mild anxiety too. There were no significant differences between the mild and non-mild cases in any anxiety scoring item( P>0.05). The single factor analysis of the general data showed no significant correlation between anxiety and education, COVID-19 diagnosis of a close relative or family member, current situation of anti-COVID-19 or future life ( P>0.05), but a significant correlation between anxiety and therapeutic outcomes and the current situation of family members ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Anxiety is a common problem in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Anxiety about prognosis and family members is the main factor affecting their psychological status. Attention should be paid to the mental health of COVID-19 patients by governments and medical staff.

Objective:To develope and analyze and optimize the performance of some kinds of environmentally friendly flexible X-ray protective materials in attempt to tackle the various environmental and high energy consumption problems in the development of traditional medical X-ray protective clothing.Methods:The Monte Carlo program was used to establish a simplified model of medical X-ray tube. The aim was to carry out numerical simulation and prediction of the shielding materials′ performance against X-ray, prepare the flexible X-ray shielding materials through experiments and test and verify the their shielding performances The development and optimization path was also obtained by comparing the result between simulation and experiment.Results:Bi was the preferred alternative to toxic Pb elements, while W was able to compensate for weak X-ray absorption zone of Bi. The shielding efficiency of the composite material doped with 25% Bi+ 25% W was able to reach 77.8% and 66.3% at 80 and 120 kV p tube voltages, respectively. Conclusions:With both the selection of elements and the optimization of functional particles, the combination of W and Bi is an economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient shielding way within the energy range of medical diagnostic X-rays. The numerical simulation helps reduce experimental costs, shorten the research period, and improve the design efficiency of X-ray shielding materials.

Objective To study the rat pulmonary irritant of aerosol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection .Methods Rats were devided into two groups for each medicine (low concentration group and high concentration group ) ,nebulized drug administration for seven days ,with the control group irrigated with saline ,and were sacrificed .Through bronchoalveolar lav-age ,excurrent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was used for total protein determination and LDH vitality test to evaluate pulmonary toxicity of two medicines .Results The protein concentrations of two groups in low and high concentrations of Tan-reqing and Reduning respectively are (193 .78 ± 27 .74) ,(235.33 ± 50.41)μg/ml;(174 .02 ± 17 .82) ,(227 .27 ± 66 .03)μg/ml;LDH vitalities respectively are 1065 .21 ± 181 .76 ,1467 .33 ± 101 .87;307 .97 ± 47 .56 ,1377 .29 ± 566 .48 .By t-test ,compared with normal saline ,there was no significant effect among these five groups on protein concentration ,but these two medicine were able to improve LDH activity (P<0 .05) which was more obvious in high concentration group .When two medicines were in low concentration ,LDH activity was higher in Tanreqing group with statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Aero-sol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection in rats have some pulmonary irritation and potential safety hazard in this delivery w ay .