BACKGROUND: We compared health behaviors, including current smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, obesity, and abdominal obesity, among Korean cancer survivors with and without family history of cancer. METHODS: This study included 5,247 cancer survivors with family history of cancer (1,894 with and 3,353 without), who were recruited from the Health Examinee cohort. Health behaviors were identified using questionnaire. Adjusted ORs (aORs) between health behaviors and family history of cancer were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors. All analyses were conducted separately according to sex. RESULTS: Prevalence of current smoking, alcohol drinking, no regular exercise, obesity, and abdominal obesity was 16.3%, 48.3%, 36.0%, 31.3%, and 42.3% in male cancer survivors and 1.7%, 20.6%, 43.8%, 28.5%, and 72.5% in female, respectively. Health behaviors in male cancer survivors with and without family history of cancer were not significantly different after being adjusted for other covariates (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.75–1.44 for current smoking; aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.76–1.22 for current drinking; aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.66–1.10 for regular exercise; aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.73–1.25 for obesity; aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.75–1.25 for abdominal obesity). In female cancer survivors, there were no significant differences in health behaviors according to family history of cancer (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.44–1.32; aOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.94–1.31; aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.87–1.14; aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.85–1.16; aOR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.80–1.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We identified no significant differences in health behaviors according to family history of cancer in cancer survivors. More studies should be conducted to identify correlations between family history of cancer and prognosis in cancer survivors.
Alcohol Drinking ; Cohort Studies ; Drinking ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Genome* ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survivors*

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and periodontitis and occuring with an estimated incidence of 1-4 cases per million. Patients with PLS are highly susceptible to infection. The etiology of an infective susceptibility is unknown; however, an association with defects in neurophil dysfunction, insufficient lymphocyte response to pathogens, defects in monocyte functions and impairment of NK cell cytotoxic function has been suggested. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of atypical maxillary sinusitis accompanied by PLS, and we represent the case with a review of the related literatures.
Humans ; Incidence ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocytes ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Monocytes ; Papillon-Lefevre Disease ; Periodontitis

BACKGROUND: To identify work sectors with high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Korean men and women. METHODS: We analyzed nationwide data to identify ergonomic risk factors in Korean employees. In particular, we analyzed data on exposure to five ergonomic risk factors (painful/tiring postures, lifting/moving heavy materials, standing/walking, repetitive hand/arm movements, and hand/arm vibration) according to employment sector, sex, and age, using the 2014 Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We also used workers' compensation data on work-related MSDs in 2010, which is available by sex. RESULTS: The different work sectors had different gender distributions. “Manufacturing” (27.7%) and “construction” (11.3%) were dominated by males, whereas “human health and social work activities” (12.4%), “hotel and restaurants” (11.7%), and “education” (10.4%) were dominated by females. However, “wholesale and retail trade” and “public administration and defense” employed large numbers of males and females. Furthermore, the work sectors with a greater proportion of work-related MSDs and with multiple ergonomic risk factors were different for men and women. For men, “construction” and “manufacturing” had the highest risk for work-related MSDs; for women, “hotel and restaurants” had the highest risk for work-related MSDs. CONCLUSION: Ergonomic interventions for workers should consider gender and should focus on work sectors with high risk for MSDs, with multiple ergonomic risk factors, and with the largest number of workers.
Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; Risk Factors ; Social Work ; Workers' Compensation

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Korean women with obesity. Methods: Cancer-free women (n=6 142 486) aged 40-79 years, who underwent National Health Insurance Service health examinations in 2009 and 2010 were included. The incidence of CRC was followed until 2018. The hazard ratio (HR) of MetS for the incidence of colon and rectal cancer was analyzed according to body mass index (BMI) categories, adjusting for confounders such as women’s reproductive factors. In addition, the heterogeneity of associations across BMI categories was assessed. Results: Women with MetS were at increased risk of colon and rectal cancer compared to women without MetS (HR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.23 and HR,1.15; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.20), respectively. The HR of MetS for colon cancer across BMI categories was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.19), 1.14 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20), and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.21) in women with BMIs <23.0 kg/m2, 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, and ≥25.0 kg/m2, respectively. The HR of MetS for rectal cancer across corresponding BMI categories was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.26), 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23), and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.20). The heterogeneity of associations across BMI categories was not significant in either colon or rectal cancer (p=0.587 for colon cancer and p=0.927 for rectal cancer). Conclusions Women with MetS were at increased risk of colon and rectal cancer. Clinical and public health strategies should be considered for primary CRC prevention with an emphasis on improving women’s metabolic health across all BMI groups.

Objective: This study investigated the associations between obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), the combination of these two components as a metabolic obesity phenotype, and endometrial cancer risk in East Asian women. Methods: A total of 6,097,686 cancer-free women aged 40–74 years who underwent the National Health Insurance Service health examination between 2009 and 2010 were included. Cancer incidence was identified using the healthcare utilization database. Associations between baseline obesity (body mass index <23 kg/m2, 23–24.9 kg/m2, ≥25 kg/m2), MetS, each component of MetS, MetS stratified by obesity status, combination of obesity and MetS, and endometrial cancer risk were investigated using hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Obesity, each component of MetS, and MetS increased the endometrial cancer risk. After these factors were mutually adjusted for, the association did not change. When stratified by obesity, MetS and MetS components were not associated with endometrial cancer in normal-weight or overweight women. However, in obese women, MetS and MetS components increased the risk of endometrial cancer (HR=1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.20–1.39). Compared with normal-weight women without MetS, endometrial cancer risk was not increased in normal-weight women with MetS. Overweight women showed an increased risk of endometrial cancer irrespective of the presence of MetS (HR=1.37 and 1.38, respectively). The HR of obese women with MetS was higher than that of obese women without MetS (HR=2.18 and 1.75). Conclusion The association between MetS and endometrial cancer was most prominent in obese women, suggesting that obese women with MetS would be more vulnerable to endometrial cancer.

In this study, we compared health behaviors, including current smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity, in thyroid cancer survivors and non-cancer controls and investigated the factors associated with unhealthy behaviors among survivors. Baseline data from the Health Examinees study, collected from 2004 to 2013, were used. Thyroid cancer survivors (n = 942), defined as those who had received a clinical diagnosis of thyroid cancer, and 9,420 matched non-cancer controls without past history of any cancer were included in the analysis. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity in thyroid cancer survivors were 2.3%, 26.6%, and 52.0%, respectively, with adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI between survivors and non-cancer controls of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.08-1.56), 0.46 (95% CI = 0.29-0.74), and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.44-0.96). The prevalence of unhealthy behaviors was higher among male thyroid cancer survivors than female thyroid cancer survivors. In thyroid cancer survivors, those who smoked were more likely to drink (aOR = 4.55 [95% CI = 1.61-12.85]) and those who were physically inactive were less likely to drink (aOR = 0.58 [95% CI = 0.42-0.82]). Current drinking and physical inactivity contributed to a higher likelihood of smoking (aOR = 4.31 [95% CI = 1.35-13.73] and 6.34 [95% CI = 1.65-24.34]). Thyroid cancer survivors had better health behaviors than the non-cancer controls.However, some survivors still had unhealthy lifestyles, especially displaying a clustering of unhealthy behaviors. Thus, health behavior promotion through medical intervention is important for thyroid cancer survivors.

Purpose: This study investigated the incidence of secondary malignancy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients compared with that in the general population using a population-based database covering all residents in Korea. Materials and Methods: Based on the national health insurance system in Korea, all people primarily diagnosed with MM between January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 were identified. A total of 9,985 MM patients aged ≥ 20 years in Korea were included. Results: Among them, 237 (2.4%) developed secondary malignancies by 2018. The standardized incidence rates (SIRs) of all secondary malignancies in MM patients were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 0.98), with a higher incidence of hematologic malignancies than in the general population with an SIR of 3.80 (95% CI, 2.61 to 5.00). The incidence rates of both lymphoid malignancy (SIR, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.31 to 4.82) and myeloid malignancy (SIR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.16 to 6.39) were higher in MM patients than in the general population. In contrast, a lower incidence of solid cancer was observed in MM patients than in the general population (SIR, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.86). There was no significant difference in survival in MM patients without secondary malignancies, with hematologic malignancy, and with solid cancer (p=0.413). Conclusion MM patients had a greater risk of secondary malignancies, especially hematologic malignancies, than the general population. Future studies with a focus on analyzing patients’ history, treatment details, and genetic information in various stages of MM patients are needed to better understand the mechanism behind this increased risk.

Many surgical methods for the reconstruction of orbital floor fractures have been reported, and theseinclude transorbital, transantral and transnasal endoscopic approaches, among others. The choice of surgical approach and materials for the reduction of orbital blowout fractures depends on the surgeon's experience and preference. For the cases of large orbital floor fractures, reduction has beenperformed most frequently through the transantral approach, and the herniated orbital tissue generally has been supported by asilastic block, silastic tube or urethral balloon catheter. However, the transantral approach has significant drawbacks that includethe requirement of removal surgery, displacement of materials, and inflammation of the maxillary sinus. To overcome these negative effects, the authors used fibrin glue tosecure the reduction through the transantral approach in two cases of patients with orbital floor fractures.
Catheters ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Maxillary Sinus ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures

BACKGROUND: Long working hours adversely affect worker safety and health. In 2004, Korea passed legislation that limited the work week to 40 hours, in an effort to improve quality-of-life and increase business competitiveness. This regulation was implemented in stages, first for large businesses and then for small businesses, from 2004 to 2011. We previously reported that average weekly working hours decreased from 2006 to 2010, based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey. METHODS: In the present study, we examine whether average weekly working hours continued to decrease in 2014 based on the 2014 Korean Working Conditions Survey. RESULTS: The results show that average weekly working hours among all groups of workers decreased in 2014 relative to previous years; however, self-employed individuals and employers (who are not covered by the new legislation) in the specific service sectors worked > 60 h/wk in 2014. CONCLUSION: The Korean government should prohibit employees from working excessive hours and should also attempt to achieve social and public consensus regarding work time reduction to improve the safety, health, and quality-of-life of all citizens, including those who are employers and self-employed.
Commerce ; Consensus ; Korea* ; Small Business

PURPOSE: The aim of this clinical study was to assess the accuracy of the implants placed using a universal digital surgical guide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 17 patients, 28 posterior implants were included in this study. The digital image of the soft tissue acquired from cast scan and hard tissue from CBCT have been superimposed and planned the location, length, diameter of the implant fixture. Then digital surgical guides were created using 3D printer. Each of angle deviations, coronal, apical, depth deviations of planned and actually placed implants were calculated using CBCT scans and casts. To compare implant positioning errors by CBCT scans and plaster casts, data were analyzed with independent samples t-test. RESULTS: The results of the implant positioning errors calculated by CBCT and casts were as follows. The means for CBCT analyses were: angle deviation: 4.74 ± 2.06°, coronal deviation: 1.37 ± 0.80 mm, and apical deviation: 1.77 ± 0.86 mm. The means for cast analyses were: angle deviation: 2.43 ± 1.13°, coronal deviation: 0.82 ± 0.44 mm, apical deviation: 1.19 ± 0.46 mm, and depth deviation: 0.03 ± 0.65 mm. There were statistically significant differences between the deviations of CBCT scans and cast. CONCLUSION: The model analysis showed lower deviation value comparing the CBCT analysis. The angle and length deviation value of the universal digital guide stent were accepted clinically.
Casts, Surgical ; Clinical Study ; Humans ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Stents ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted