OBJECTIVE To explore how to establish the hospital infection control process by using evidence-based medicine.METHODS In order to establish the hospital infection control process for every department the data related to hospital infection were collected through searching related literature from MEDLINE,Chinese biomedicine literature database authorized by Institute of Medical Information.Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and evidence-based medicine network then estimated thoroughly.RESULTS The incidence of hospital infection patients,environment sanitation inspection,medical staff hand-washing compliance,and occupational exposure all were up to scratch(P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin sequential therapy in treatment with my-coplasma pneumonia. Methods A total of 134 cases with mycoplasma pneumonia were selected in respiratory depart-ment of our hospital during April 2012 to June 2013, and then divided into observation group and control group ac-cording to the different treatment, which received azithromycin sequential therapy and erythromycin intravenous infu-sion respectively. The clinical effects and the incidence of adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed. Results 14 d after treatment,the treatment efficiency of observation group reached 95.71%,which was significantly higher than that in control (79.69%)(P<0.05).The fading time of coughing,the fading time of crackles and rale and the time of fever descending to normal were significantly shorter than that in control (P<0.05). Meanwhile,the adverse reaction rate of the observation group, include joint pain, rash, gastrointestinal reactions, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase,were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Azithromycin sequential therapy have a good clinical efficacy in treatment with mycoplasma pneumonia, shorten the symptoms disappearance time and hospi-talization time and reduce toxicity,which is widely used in clinical practice.

Objective:Healthy life expectancy (HLE), which combines life expectancy with health, is an essential comprehensive measure of life length and quality. This article aimed to systematically review the methods for defining and measuring HLE and describe application studies published, providing a reference for decision makers to select and develop methods suitable for China's conditions to measure HLE.Methods:Seven Chinese and English literature databases were searched up to May 7, 2022, and several related reviews and bibliography were manually retrieved. Systematic reviews and empirical research were included concerning HLE indicators and measurement of HLE. Information including the study area, type of the study, study population, HLE index, measurement method, data sources, and results from application studies published in the last five years were extracted. The evolution of the definition of HLE, the scope of different indicators, the measurement scale of health, and measurement methods, were all collected. Results of the empirical research related to measurement methods of indicators were summarized. The study followed the scoping review framework and was written according to the PRISMA-ScR statement.Results:A total of 84 articles were included, including 13 reviews, 17 original studies related to HLE index definition, ten original studies related to index measurement, and 44 empirical studies conducted in the past five years. There were as many as 20 indicators related to HLE, and each scale had its emphasis. A total of ten methods measuring HLE were identified, which vary in the definition of health, whether using weight, and the data type. The most commonly used indicators in the past five years were disability-free life expectancy and HLE. For the method of HLE calculation, Sullivan's method was mainly used for cross-sectional data, and the multistate life table was mainly used for longitudinal data.Conclusions:There are various definitions and measurement methods of HLE, but none are suitable for all scenarios. To summarize the HLE concept, health evaluation techniques, measurement methods, and application studies published worldwide can provide a reference for the localization of HLE measurement in China.

Objective To study the preoperative ultrasonographic parameters and their relationship with age in symptomatic CAS patients with different curative effects of stenting.Methods Fiftyseven symptomatic CAS patients admitted to our hospital for stenting were divided into young age group (n=7),middle age group (n=25),old age group (n=25) according to their age,and into very good curative effect group (n=18),good curative effect group (n=33) and no curative effect group (n=6) according to their postoperative NIHSS score.The carotid ultrasonographic parameters in different groups were compared and analyzed within 3 days before operation.Results A significant difference was found in the ratio of UPT,maximal ER of plaques,PV of stenosis,PI,resistance index (RI),carotid artery stiffness index (SI),distensibility coefficient (Dc) and compliance coefficient (Cc) in different curative effect groups (P＜0.01).The carotid artery SI was significantly higher in old age group than in young age group and middle age group (P＜0.01).A linear regression equation was established between carotid stiffness and age (y=0.075x-1.537,R2 =0.448,F=44.727,P =0.000).Conclusion The ratio of UPT,maximal ER of plaques,PV of stenosis,PI,RI,carotid artery SI,Dc and Cc are different in patients with different curative effects of stenting,and a linear relationship is found between carotid artery SI and age of patients.

【Objective】 To analyze the effect of different range and location of foramen formation on the biomechanics of lumbar spine by three-dimensional finite element analysis （D-FEA）. 【Methods】 A complete model of the lumbar spine （L5）， M0， was developed using the finite element method， and the models M1， M2， M3， M4 and M5 were obtained by sequentially simulating the apical， medial 1/4， 2/4， 3/4 and 4/4 graded resections of the left superior articular process of L5 under a lateral posterior approach with full spinal endoscopy. The displacements were recorded in six conditions： forward flexion， back extension， left and right lateral bending， and left and right lateral rotation. The results were compared between the resected models and the unresected group M0. 【Results】 The three-dimensional finite model of the L4-L5 segment developed in this experiment was valid. Compared with the unresected group M0， the differences in ROM were statistically significant for M1 under forward flexion load （all P<0.05）， M2 under forward flexion and back extension load （all P<0.05）， M3 and M4 under forward flexion， back extension and left and right lateral bending load （all P<0.05）. The differences were statistically significant for M3 and M4 under anterior flexion， posterior extension， left and right lateral flexion， and right rotation loads （all P<0.05）； and for M5 under anterior flexion， posterior extension， left and right lateral flexion and right rotation loads （all P<0.05）. Compared with M0 in the unresected group， the differences were statistically significant for M1 under anterior flexion loads （all P<0.05）， M2 under anterior flexion and left and right rotation loads （all P<0.05）. The differences were statistically significant for M3， M4 and M5 in forward flexion and extension， left and right lateral flexion， and left and right rotational loading （all P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 In the process of foramen formation， removal of the tip or the medial quarter of the unilateral single segment of the upper articular process of the lumbar spine will affect the stability of the lumbar spine， and increase the maximum value of the stress of the intervertebral disc during the activities of the lumbar spine. Removal of one half or more will significantly damage the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. In order to avoid damaging the normal biomechanics of the lumbar spine， the upper articular process should be protected as much as possible during the whole spinal endoscopic foraminal reconstruction.

【Objective】 To observe the short-term clinical effect of selective nerve block combined with percutaneous posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy （PPECD） in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. 【Methods】 We reviewed 22 patients who received selective nerve block combined with percutaneous posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy （PPECD） for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy from June 2018 to January 2020. We recorded Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score for treatment evaluation， visual analogue scale （VAS）， the neck disability index score （NDI） preoperative 1 day， postoperative 1 day， 1 month， 3 months， 6 months and 1 year. All data were imported into SPSS26.0 software for analysis and processing. Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The scores of neck VAS， arm VAS， JOA and NDI were compared at different time points by repeated measurement analysis of variance. Paired t-test was used to compare each time point after operation and the first day before operation. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant， and the modified MacNab standard was used to evaluate the clinical effect at the last follow-up. 【Results】 All operations were successfully completed under ultrasound-guided selective nerve block combined with endoscopic operation. The average operation time was 125.6 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was 2-100 mL and the average blood loss was 19.1 mL. All patients were followed up for 15-33 months， with an average follow-up of 24.1 months. No patients had spinal cord， nerve root and vascular injury， dural tear or other complications. Compared with the preoperative VAS score， the VAS score of neck and upper arm decreased significantly （P<0.05）， while the JOA score increased significantly （P<0.05）， and the preoperative NDI score decreased significantly （P<0.05）. At the last follow-up， the modified Macnab criteria showed there were 15 excellent cases， 5 good cases， 2 medium cases and 0 poor case. The excellence rate was 91%. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and 3D computed tomography reconstruction of the cervical spine showed that the disc had been fully removed and the nerve root compression at the surgical segment was relieved. 【Conclusion】 Ultrasound-guided selective nerve block combined with percutaneous posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with reliable short-term efficacy.