To make sure the compliance of education about how to preventing sharp instrument injuries among clinical nurses, and then propose certain effective countermeasures to preventing sharp instrument injuries. Methods Using the questionnaire which was designed according to the requirement of preventing sharp instrument injuries in clinical nursing cares to investigated 1291 nurses from 22 hospitals, and then analyzed the datum which had summarized from this investigation. Results The self-prevention of sharp instrument injuries in clinical nursing cares was weak in general. There were 11.93% nurses know nothing about how to preventing sharp instrument injuries. The ratio of usually washing hands before and after touch patients was 33.23% , and the ratio of usually wearing gloves when doing some operation which maybe touch blood was 23.01 %. There were 976 accidents of sharp instrument injuries in this investigation, the ratio of report was only 23.16%. Conclusion Reinforce the education about how to preventing sharp instrument injuries among clinical nurses is an effective method to low down the incidence rate of sharp instrument injuries, and then avoid the risk of infection which come from clinical nursing operation.

Objective To evaluate the preoperative diagnosis of ureteral carcinoma.Methods The clinical features and selection of imaging and endoscope in 32 ureteral carcinoma patients were analyzed.Results The common symptom was hematuria.32 cases were confirmed by pathological examination as ureteral carcinoma and the diagnostic corresponding rate was 100% by color doppler and endoscopic technique.Conclusion Imaging and endoscopic examination are very important in hematuria patients without unknown reasons.Ureteral carcinoma should be considered when B mode ultrasound and venous urography show hydronephrosis and no development.Retrograde ureteropyelography and ureteroscopy are the most important diagnostic methods among various examinations.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects of Ziyin Xiehuo Recipe (ZYXHR) for nourishing yin and lowering fire and Yishen Tianjing Recipe (YSTJR) for nourishing kidney and replenishing essence on regulating the gonadotrophic and somatotrophic functions of hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and to reveal the mechanisms of ZYXHR and YSTJR in modulating the course of pubertal development of children with precocious puberty. METHODS: The pubertal rats were fed with ZYXHR or YSTJR for 30 days, and the parameters of rats were monitored as the followings: The content of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the frequency and amplitude of GnRH impulse releasing, the releasing amounts of aminoacid neurotransmitters, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and beta-endorphin (beta-END) in the gonadotrophic area of the hypothalamus were detected with neurobiological methods (push-pull perfusion, homogenate, incubation of brain slices, and immunohistochemical staining). The levels of gene and protein expressions of GnRH, growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS) in hypothalamus, and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) in adenohypophysis as well as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in metaphysis were determined with real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The ZYXHR could reduce the activity of GnRH neurons in hypothalamus through inhibiting the release of central exciting aminoacid neurotransmitters, whereas promoting the release of central inhibiting aminoacid neurotransmitters, NPY and beta-END in gonadotrophic area of hypothalamus. The expression levels of GnRH, FSH and LH mRNAs were down-regulated while the expression level of SS mRNA in hypothalamus was up-regulated in the ZYXHR-treated group. The GH mRNA in hypophysis and the IGF-I mRNA in metaphysis were both down-regulated by ZYXHR. The YSTJR could promote the activity of GnRH neurons in hypothalamus through inhibiting the release of NPY in gonadotrophic area of hypothalamus, up-regulating the expression levels of GnRH, FSH, LH and GH mRNAs in hypophysis, and IGF-I mRNA in metaphysis, while down-regulating the expression level of SS mRNA in hypothalamus. CONCLUSION: The ZYXHR and YSTJR could both regulate the gonadotrophic and somatotrophic functions of hypothalamic-pituitary axis through modulating the neuroendocrine regulation and the gene expressions of GnRH and SS in hypothalamus, GH, FSH and LH in hypophysis, and IGF-I in metaphysis. These may be the chief mechanisms of ZYXHR and YSTJR in modulating the course of pubertal development and ameliorating the skeletal development in children with precocious puberty.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the microorganisms on the hands of nurses who are doing the intravenous infusion.METHODS Sampled the hands of nurses during the procedure of intravenous infusion randomly,and then sampled after monitoring the nurses washing their hands by the six steps hand-cleaning technique.Then cultured the samples and did the identification of bacteria.The distribution of microorganism on nurses' hands was analyzed.RESULTS During the procedure of intravenous infusion,before and after the intervention the microorganisms on the nurses' hands had evident difference and with the statistic meanings.CONCLUSIONS The handwashing compliance among nurses before working in our hospital is poor,and the hand hygiene status during the nursing procedure needs to be improved.

Objective: To study the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati on expression of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-?1) in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.Method: 120 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group(n=30),the bleomycin(BLM) model group(n=30),the Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group(n=30),the 7 th day treatment group(n=20) and the 28 th day treatment group(n=10).The rat models of pulmonary fibrosis were established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin, while the control group was given with normal saline instead.The Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group received intragastric administration with 4ml?kg-1?d-1 Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 2 days before setting up models.The 7 th day treatment group and the 28 th day treatment group received the treatment on the seventh day and the twenty-eighth days after establishing models respectively.The other two groups received saline instead.On the 3rd,7th,14th,28th,42th and 56th day after instillation of bleomycin,lung samples were obtained and the content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue homogenate was detected to judge the degree of fibrosis and the therapeutic efficacy.At the same time the express of TGF-?1mRNA and TGF-?1 protein was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method.Results: Compared with the model group,the content of hydroxyproline in the Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group and the 7th day treatment group decreased significantly(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) andchronic prostatitis(CP). Methods Three hundred BPH patients were studied, aged from 51 to 96 (aver-age 72). All patients were divided into 3 groups (Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°and Ⅲ°)according to result of digital rectal examina-tion, which include 85 cases , 139 cases and 76 cases respectively. The incidence of CP among 3 groups were compared and analyzed. Results Two hundreds and thirty-five of the 300 cases with BPH were accompa-nied with CP(77.7%). Among the 233 cases, 53 cases were in Ⅰ degree BPH group (53 / 85, 62.4% ), 113 cases were in Ⅱ degree BPH group (113/139, 81.3%), 67 cases were in Ⅲ degree BPH group (67/76, 88.2%). Conclusions Many BPH patients were accompanied by CP. The prostate size and the inflamma-tion of prostate were positive correlated. The effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in Ⅰ degree and Ⅱ degreeBPH patients was better than Ⅲ degree BPH patients.

Combining with the data based on data mining,to collect the clinical experimental research ralating to thermal moxibustion from June 2010 to March 2015, and extract the representative clinical experimental research of clinical diseases. To summarize advances in clinic study of Thermal Moxibustion in recent five years.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the diseases and effects of the manipulations to promoteby filiform needles, with the help of data mining technique.

METHODSLiterature about different manipulations to promoteby filiform needles in recent 60 years was collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). Then databases were established to mine the relativities among the diseases, subjects, acupoints selection law,routes and directions of meridianand effects.

RESULTS①Total 489 articles were included. The basic manipulations with the frequency of 630 were on the top. The auxiliary and four methods ofrespectively appeared 70 times. The diseases in the internal medicine were treated with the basic and auxiliary methods of the higher frequencies, 311 and 44 times separately. While the four methods ofwere mostly used in the surgical area, 37 timestotally. ②The diseases treated from high to low by lifting, thrusting and twirling represented retention of urine, sequelae of stroke, pain in waist and lower limbs, of which the effect for retention of urine was better than those of the other two, and the lifting and thrusting method was superior to twirling. ③As for the auxiliary methods, 25 times were found about vibration needling; 18 times, twisting. The highest frequency of 6 times for the vibration needling was on the sequelae of stroke; while 4 times for the twisting, stranguria. ④As to the four methods of,was most frequently applied, and its highest frequency of 18 was onsyndrome.

CONCLUSIONSManipulations to promoteby filiform needles are crucial to achieving the effects of acupuncture. The basic methods are widely used in clinic and have been seen good efficacy. While the auxiliary means assist to promoteto stimulate the body,among which the four methods ofare mainly to smooth the meridians and driveof patients with surgical diseases and take meridian blocking the priority.