Maidong"(Radix Ophiopogonis), is a traditional Chinese drug. Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1990) recorded that the botanical origin of "Maidong" is Ophlopogon iaponicus(L.f.) kerGawl. (Liliaceae). A recent survey of drug resources in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan,Yunnan, Guizhou, jiangsu, Anhui and Fujian Provinces showed that Plants under the general name "Maidong" involve 26 species and varieties from Gen. Ophiopogon to Gen. Liriope.Among these, 16 species and varieties are used as "Maidong"in commerce, the most popular being O.japonicus, L.spicata var. Prolifera and L.muscari. The steroid saponins and homeisoflavonoids contained in the tuberous roots of 16 species and varieties mentioned above awere compared on the basis of HPTLC with 45 steroid saponins and 5 homeisoflavonoids as uthentic samples. The results showed that the plants belonging to Gen. Ophiopogon contain either steroid saponins composed of ruscogenin or diosgenin, or homeisoflavonoids; the plants belonging to Gen. Liriope contain only steroid saponins composed of 25(S)-ruscog-enin or yamogenin. It is easy to identify the varied species and varieties on TLC. The polysaccharide in the tuberous roots of the 16 species and vartieis was determined by visible spectrophotometry. Results indicated that the polysaccharide content in varied species is very different, and is also dependent on locations, cultivated years and the grade of crude drug.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ADAM33 T1, S2 gene polymorphism and Bronchial asthma risk in china. Methods We retrived the relevant published studies about ADAM33 T1, S2 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma risk. Then we divided the population into Chinese and other Asian population. Odds ratio (OR) of Case group and control group was selected as the effect index. Stata 11.0 software was used to calculate heterogeneity test, ORs and 95%CI of two areas, and gave the forest plot and funnel plot of meta results. Results A total of 27 studies were included in this analysis,18 studies in ADAM33 T1 site were 3881 cases in case group, and 3780 cases in control group;and 14 studies in ADAM33 S2 site were 3222 cases in case group, and 3513 cases in control group. Additive model, dominant model, recessive model of ADAM33 T1 in Chinese had association with the susceptibility of bronchial asthma. The results were OR=1.488, 95% CI:1.002-2.167 in Additive model, OR=1.619, 95%CI:1.059-2.475 in dominant model;OR=2.523, 95%CI:1.910-3.333 in recessive model. Three models of ADAM33 T1 in other Asian country had no association with the susceptibility of Bronchial Asthma. Three gene model of ADAM33 S2 in Asian had no association with bronchial asthma susceptibility. Except ADAM33 T1 polymorphism in recessive model, other mode of T1, S2 had no publication bias in Chinese population. Conclusion There are association between ADAM33 T1 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma, but ADAM33 S2 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma have no association in Chinese population.

This paper summarized Professor PENG Peichu's experience in the differentiation and treatment of prostate cancer in three phases and four stages. It is considered that prostatic cancer is categorized into root deficiency and branch excess， with depletion of healthy qi as the root， and the accumulation of cancer toxin as the minifestation. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer can be divided into three phases and four stages according to the exuberance and decline of pathogenic and healthy qi and the changes of deficiency and excess of yin and yang. In the initial accumulation phase of cancer toxin （yang excess stage）， the key pathogenesis is the accumulation of dampness， heat and static blood， and internal generation of cancer toxin， and the treatment should be resolving toxins， fighting cancer and dispelling yang excess. In the phase of healthy qi deficiency and toxin accumulation （yin deficiency stage）， with the lung and kidney yin deficiency， dampness， heat and static toxin accumulation as the key pathogenesis， the treatment should be centered on mutual generation between metal and water to nourish kidney yin， supplemented with the method of clearing heat and draining dampness， activating blood and resolving toxins， for which self-made Nanbei Formula（南北方）is usually used. In the phase of yang deficiency and cold stagnation （yang deficiency stage and yin excess stage）， with the spleen and kidney yang deficiency， cold dampness stagnation， static heat and toxin accumulation as the key pathogenesis， the treatment should be warming and tonifying spleen and kidney to dissipate cold accumulation； for deficiency of both yin and yang， and excess pathogen obstruction， modified Yanghe Decoction（阳和汤） is recommended， while for yang deficiency， cold congealing and blood stasis， self-made Wenshen Sanjie Formula（温肾散结方） can be used， and for cold dampness binding with cancer toxin， and cold complex with heat， self-made Quanan Formula （泉安方） is advised.

OBJECTIVETo study the patterns of dynamic accumulation of total flavonoids and total saponins in the roots of Ophiopogon japonicus collected from different harvest times, and compare the contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in roots of O. japonicus which were processed with different methods.

METHODThe total flavonoids and total saponins contents in O. japonicus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONFrom December to January, the total contents of flavonoids and saponins in the roots of O. japonicus gradually decreased, and gradually increased from February to March, and kept stable in April. The contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in the O. japonicus were influenced by different processing methods.

Desiccation ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Saponins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To assess the feasibility,safety and efficacy of primary PCI in elderly patients with AMI.Methods Three hundred and sixty-four AMI patients were divided into ≥75 years old group (n=90) and ＜75 years old group (n=274).The successful operation rate,preoperative complication rate,mortality and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded during their hospital stay time.Results The successful operation rate was 94.4％,the postoperative TIMI 3 blood flow rate was 87.8％,and the preoperative complication rate was 10.0 ％ in ≥75 years old group.The mortality and incidence of MACE were significantly higher in ≥75 years old group than in＜75 years old group during the hospital stay time (12.2％ vs 2.9％,P =0.001;16.7 ％ vs 5.1％,P =0.000).Conclusion Transradial primary PCI is a safe,feasible and effective therapy for ≥75 years old AMI patients.

Objective:To study the toxicity of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) on adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and its effect on processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) -enzymolysis.Methods:In vitro experiments, PC12 cells were divided into blank control (CT) , low DOP (DOP1) , medium DOP (DOP2) , high DOP (DOP3) , low DOP+Aβ 25-35 (DOP1+Aβ) , medium DOP+Aβ 25-35 (DOP2+Aβ) , high DOP+Aβ 25-35 (DOP3+Aβ) , Aβ 25-35 (Aβ) , a total of 8 groups, each with 4 samples. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured, and cysteine protease 3 (Caspase-3) was determined by Western blot. In the transfection experiment, the hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with APP695 and treated with different concentrations of DOP. They were divided into V-Flag control (V-Flag) , APP695-Flag (APP695) , low DOP (DOP1+APP695) , medium DOP (DOP2+APP695) , high DOP (DOP3+APP695) , a total of 5 groups, each with 4 samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of Aβ 1-40 and the activity of γ-secretase. In vivo experiment, 50 male Kunming mice of SPF grade, weighing (20±2) g, were selected and randomly divided into control, lead (Pb) , low DOP (DOP1＇) , medium DOP (DOP2＇) , high DOP (DOP3＇) consisted of 5 groups, each with 10 mice, continuously gavage for 6 weeks. Morris water maze method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of DOP on learning and memory in mice, and ELISA method was used to detect β-secretase, γ-secretase activity and Aβ 1-40 content in brain tissue. Results:Compared with the CT group, the cell viabilities of the DOP2 and DOP3 groups were decreased, and the contents of LDH, MDA, and NO were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the CT group, the cell viabilities of DOP1+Aβ, DOP2+Aβ and DOP3+Aβ groups were decreased, the contents of LDH, MDA, NO were increased, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Aβ group, the cell viability of DOP3+Aβ group was decreased, the contents of LDH, MDA, NO were increased, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Aβ group, the contents of LDH and NO in the DOP2+Aβ group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the CT group, the expression levels of Caspase-3 in the DOP2 and DOP3 groups were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Aβ group, the expression levels of Caspase-3 in the DOP2+Aβ and DOP3+Aβ groups were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the APP695 group, the contents of Aβ 1-40 and the activities of γ-secretase of the DOP2+APP695 and DOP3+APP695 groups were increased ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the activities of β-secretase, γ-secretase and the content of Aβ 1-40 in the brain tissue of DOP3＇group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Pb group, the activities of β-secretase, γ-secretase and the content of Aβ 1-40 of the DOP3＇group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the target quadrant stay time and the number of crossings in the DOP2＇and DOP3＇groups were reduced, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:DOP has a certain toxic effect on PC12 cells, causing learning and memory impairment in mice, and may promote the pathological progression of Alzheimer＇s disease.

Objective:To study the toxicity of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) on adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and its effect on processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) -enzymolysis.Methods:In vitro experiments, PC12 cells were divided into blank control (CT) , low DOP (DOP1) , medium DOP (DOP2) , high DOP (DOP3) , low DOP+Aβ 25-35 (DOP1+Aβ) , medium DOP+Aβ 25-35 (DOP2+Aβ) , high DOP+Aβ 25-35 (DOP3+Aβ) , Aβ 25-35 (Aβ) , a total of 8 groups, each with 4 samples. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured, and cysteine protease 3 (Caspase-3) was determined by Western blot. In the transfection experiment, the hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with APP695 and treated with different concentrations of DOP. They were divided into V-Flag control (V-Flag) , APP695-Flag (APP695) , low DOP (DOP1+APP695) , medium DOP (DOP2+APP695) , high DOP (DOP3+APP695) , a total of 5 groups, each with 4 samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of Aβ 1-40 and the activity of γ-secretase. In vivo experiment, 50 male Kunming mice of SPF grade, weighing (20±2) g, were selected and randomly divided into control, lead (Pb) , low DOP (DOP1＇) , medium DOP (DOP2＇) , high DOP (DOP3＇) consisted of 5 groups, each with 10 mice, continuously gavage for 6 weeks. Morris water maze method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of DOP on learning and memory in mice, and ELISA method was used to detect β-secretase, γ-secretase activity and Aβ 1-40 content in brain tissue. Results:Compared with the CT group, the cell viabilities of the DOP2 and DOP3 groups were decreased, and the contents of LDH, MDA, and NO were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the CT group, the cell viabilities of DOP1+Aβ, DOP2+Aβ and DOP3+Aβ groups were decreased, the contents of LDH, MDA, NO were increased, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Aβ group, the cell viability of DOP3+Aβ group was decreased, the contents of LDH, MDA, NO were increased, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Aβ group, the contents of LDH and NO in the DOP2+Aβ group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the CT group, the expression levels of Caspase-3 in the DOP2 and DOP3 groups were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Aβ group, the expression levels of Caspase-3 in the DOP2+Aβ and DOP3+Aβ groups were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the APP695 group, the contents of Aβ 1-40 and the activities of γ-secretase of the DOP2+APP695 and DOP3+APP695 groups were increased ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the activities of β-secretase, γ-secretase and the content of Aβ 1-40 in the brain tissue of DOP3＇group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the Pb group, the activities of β-secretase, γ-secretase and the content of Aβ 1-40 of the DOP3＇group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the target quadrant stay time and the number of crossings in the DOP2＇and DOP3＇groups were reduced, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:DOP has a certain toxic effect on PC12 cells, causing learning and memory impairment in mice, and may promote the pathological progression of Alzheimer＇s disease.

Objective:To evaluate the aesthetic results of bilateral breast symmetry after reduction mammaplasty, we proposed a handheld 3D scanner-based evaluation method to achieve the desired aesthetic effects.Methods:From June 2018 to June 2019, a total of 56 female patients with an average age of 34 years (18 to 56 years) requested for bilateral breast reduction in the Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Three-dimensional scans were performed intraoperatively in 27 cases in study group, and symmetry adjustments were made during breast contouring based on the analysis results; in the control group, a total of 29 patients did not undergo three-dimensional scans intraoperatively. Three-dimensional scans were obtained from both groups 3 months after surgery to objectively assess breast symmetry. Six third-party physicians scored the two groups based on anonymous photographs of the patients in 5 dimensions of breast symmetry to assess the symmetry of the pre- and post-operative bilateral breasts.Results:The difference in breast volume in the study group was significantly smaller bilaterally than in the control group [35.26 (20.01, 55.61) vs 110.02 (43.52, 186.30) cm 3,U=221.00, P=0.001]. The results reported by the evaluators showed that all five aspects of breast symmetry measured by breast reduction were significantly improved in the study group compared to the preoperative period ( P<0.001) and were all statistically superior to the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Intraoperative three-dimensional scanning technology presents a dependable method to facilitate in optimizing bilateral breast symmetry, which in turn provides an opportunity to enhance the aesthetic outcome after reduction mammoplasty.

Objective: To investigate the application and therapeutic effect of external tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting for delayed breast reconstruction. Methods: Patients began wearing the BRAVA negative pressure system 8 hours a day for recipient tissue expansion for one month before the fat grafting procedure. After fat grafting, BRAVA was recommended to be worn 8 hours a day from postoperative 48 hours to one month. The interval of each fat grafting procedure was 2.5 to 3.0 months. The procedures were repeated until the completion of breast reconstruction. Water-jet assisted liposuction and subcutaneous release of scars were also performed during surgery. Results: From January 2013 to November 2016, 29 patients were followed up for 12 to 58 months, with average of 31.6 months. 28 patients completed the external tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting breast reconstruction. Completion required 1 to 6 procedures, with average of 3.4 procedures. The total initial fat fill volume for each breast was ranged from 200 to 1 000 ml, with average of 583.7 ml. The initial fat fill volume for each breast was ranged from 92.5 to 243.7 ml per operation, with average of 173.8 ml. One patient underwent latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction after 3 fat grafting procedures. 8 patients completed the inframammary fold reconstruction, 3 patients underwent breast lift, 1 patient underwent lipofilling augmentation for the contralateral side. Postoperative satisfaction rate was 82.8% in patients and 75.9% in surgeon. Complication statistics: 5 cases of palpable nodules which recognized as fat necrosis (17.2%), one case of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (3.4%) and one case of locoregional cancer recurrence (3.4%). Conclusions External tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting is a minimally invasive procedure for breast reconstruction. Satisfactory results could be obtained for most of the patients who would like to choose fat grafting and have enough fat deposit in other parts of the body.

Objective: To propose a classification method and explore the indications and technical tips of the pedicled deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap. Methods: From July 2005 to December 2017, 18 patients underwent soft-tissue defect repairment using the pedicled DIEAP flap. The defect locations included abdomen (n=6), iliolumbar region (n=2), perineum (n=4), and proximal thigh (n=6). The flaps were divided into two types. The type Ⅰ flap were further subdivided into two subtypes. The type Ⅰa flap was solely based on the DIEAP. The type Ⅰb flap was also based on the DIEAP, however, the main trunk of the deep inferior epigastric vessels needs to be divided to further improve the pedicle length. The type Ⅱ flap was the traditional pedicled DIEAP flap. Results: Twenty flaps were included in this series. The mean flap size and pedicle length of the 4 flaps in type Ⅰa were 19.0 cm× 6.5 cm and 2.88 cm respectively. The rotation angles were 60 degrees (n=1), 120 degrees (n=1), and 180 degrees (n=2). The 3 flaps of type Ⅰb was 26 cm × 6 cm, 20 cm × 5 cm and 24 cm × 7 cm in size, and the pedicle lengths of them were 6 cm, 7 cm and 7 cm, respectively. All flaps in this subtype were rotated by 180 degrees. The mean flap size and pedicle length of the 13 type Ⅱ flaps were 21.46 cm × 9.38 cm and 11.08 cm. 17 flaps completely survived postoperatively. Small-sized necrosis of the distal portion of the flap occurred in 3 flaps. All patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years, with the averaged 11 months follow-up time. All patients were satisfied with the final outcomes. Tumor recurrence was not noticed for the oncological patients. Conclusions The pedicled DIEAP flap has remarkable versatility in the defect repairment for the regions including abdomen, iliolumbar region, proximal thigh, and perineal region. Combining with the " propeller flap" concept, the clinical application of pedicled DIEAP flap could be further expanded. The pedicled DIEAP flap is a reliable reconstructive method for defect repairment in abdominal and iliolumbar regions.