HUANG Yuan-yu's understanding of viscera qi and blood based on the theory of rise and fall of middle qi. He believes that rise and fall of middle qi plays a vital role in the normal operation of the function of organs and blood, so the blood stasis and qi disorder of spleen and stomach can cause the dysfunction of other organs. Therefore, he adopts the method of rising and falling middle qi and four dimensions, which can provide new ideas for clinical treatment of qi and blood stasis syndrome.

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated rec eptor γ (PPARγ) and glucokinase (GK) induced by Wnt signaling pathway in mice NIT-1 β-cells,and to explore the interaction between PPARγ and Wnt signaling pathways.Methods Recombinant Wnt3a protein was applied to NIT-1 beta-cells to activate Wnt signaling pathway.The expression of PPARγ was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The expression of GK was determined by real time PCR.Results Wnt3a rapidly activated Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signaling pathway,and increased PPARγ and GK mRNA expression by 41.2％ and 65.0％ in NIT-1cells,with PPARγ protein expression increasing by 97.8％ (P＜0.01).These effects were abrogated by Wnt and PIK3 inhibitors,dickkopf 1 and wortmannin treatment (P＜ 0.01).Conclusions PPARγ and GK can be upregulated by Wnt singnaling,and the effects might partially be PI3K-dependent.

Objective This study was to systemically evaluate the efficacy of TACE before hepatectomy on resectable primary HCC.Methods The articles focused on preoperative TACE for resectable primary HCC,published from Jan.1,1980 to Jan.1,2008,were selected by computerized search of literatures and manual search of bibliographies.The clinical controlled trials meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically by meta-analysis.The reported data were processed with the statistical techniques of meta analysis.The combinability of the studies was assessed in terms of clinical and statistical criteria.Tumor-free survival rate was calculated.And pooled estimates were computed according to a fixed or random effect model by heterogeneity.Results A total of 1288 patients were included in 8 trials.There was no difference between the two groups in the 1,3-year tumor-free survival rate.Conclusion Preoperative TACE for resectable primary hepatic carcinoma can't improve survival rate.

Objective To evaluate the value of fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography ( 5D Heart) and Virtual Intelligent Sonographer Assistance ( VIS-Assistance ? ) in the display of key diagnostic elements in basic fetal echocardiographic views . Methods The heart volumes data of 209 normal fetuses were collected and then the offline analysis was conducted . Processing of the built-in VIS-Assistance ? for each diagnosis plane was optimized . The display success rate and image quality difference of diagnosis images and diagnosis elements before and after the VIS-Assistance ? processing as well as the repeatability between observers were analyzed and compared . Results Totally 262 fetal heart volume data were collected from 209 fetuses ,and 231 volume data of 182 cases could be used for the analysis ,with the acquiring success rate of 88 .2% . For the display rate of 8 diagnosis sections of the 231 fetal heart volume data before and after VIS-Assistance ? processing ,abdominal transverse section at stomach level showed no significant difference ,while the other diagnostic sections showed significant differences ( all P < 0 .05) ,and the display rate after the processing was higher than that before the processing . For the image quality scores of diagnosis sections before and after VIS-Assistance ? processing ,abdominal transverse section at stomach level showed no significant differences ,while other diagnostic sections showed significant differences ( all P < 0 .01) ,and the image quality scores after the processing were higher than those before the processing . According to Bland-Altman analysis ,95% credibility interval of the total scores of 8 sections measured by different observers before and after VIS-Assistance ? were ( - 0 .17/ + 0 .18 ) and ( - 0 .17/ + 0 .18 ) , respectively ,6 .06% (14/231) and 3 .89% (9/231) of the points were outside the 95% credibility interval , and the rest had high consistency . Conclusions 5D Heart and VIS-Assistance ? technology can significantly improve the display rate of diagnostic section and image quality of element structures , and has high reliability and repeatability in obtaining fetal cardiac diagnosis sections and displaying fetal elemental diagnostic information .

Objective To evaluate the left atrial(LA) and right atrial(RA) volumes and functions of fetuses in second and late trimester by using atrial volume tracking (AVT).Methods One hundred and seventy-six fetuses were enrolled in this study.Using AVT,the maximal and minimal volumes of RA and LA were measured from time-atrial volume tracking curves.RA and LA ejection fraction (RAEF and LAEF) derived from the value of atrial maximal volumes(LAVmax,RAVmax) subtracted atrial minimal volumes (LAVmin,RAVmin) and divided by LAVmax or RAVmax.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between LAVmax,RAVmax,LAVmin,RAVmin,LAEF,RAEF and gestational ages.Results For all normal cases,the volumes of LA and RA were closely correlated with gestational weeks(r =0.80,0.85,0.83,0.82,P ＜0.001).The volume of LA was significantly smaller than that of RA (P ＜0.01).The RAEF and LAEF remained stable with advancing gestational age and there was no significantly difference between RAEF and LAEF (P ＞0.05).Conclusions This study establishes normal reference values for fetal RA and LA volumes during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.The volumes of RA and LA are correlated with gestational weeks,and the volume of RA is bigger than that of LA.RAEF and LAEF are uncorrelated with gestational weeks,and there's no difference between RVEF and LAEF.

Tree shrews have an excellent visual system, their cones accounted for 96%of the photorecepter cells, so that their color vision and stereo vision are well developed.With their rich resources and low cost, tree shrews have been considered as an ideal animal model in eye research in comparative medicine and genomics research.The ophthalmological research on tree shrew mainly focused on the establishment of myopia model, as well as the changes in myopic sclera and choroids, and the basic studies of their retina, optic and visual cortex.This paper reviewed the basic ophthalmological re-search of tree shrew.

BACKGROUND:With the development of medical instruments, more and more traditional surgical operations are replaced by minimal y invasive surgeries. In minimal y invasive surgery, cutting and sealing tissue is a conventional procedure;however, due to the limitation of space and vision, the ordinary methods are not suitable for minimal y invasive surgery. OBJECTIVE:To develop high frequency electrosurgical generator that has a constant power output and ability for tissue cutting and closing. METHODS:In order to improve the efficiency of tissue cutting and sealing in surgical, a kind of high-frequency energy generator was developed for tissue cutting and sealing. The instrument consisted of switching power supply with adjustable amplitude, high-frequency power amplifier, impedance monitor and microcontrol er. The energy converter composed of switching power supply and high-frequency power amplifier converted the 220 V, 50 Hz utility powers to a kind of high-frequency energy with 450 kHz and applied on tissues. Impedance monitor would real-timely detect the electrical parameter impacting on tissue that was provide the amount of feedback to microcontrol er in order to complete constant power control and bioimpedance determination by the control er. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The experimental results indicated that the instrument could rapidly and stably provide high-frequency energy, and could detect the biological impedance in real-time, achieve constant power output through feedback control, and could cut and close the biological tissue efficiently.

Objective To quantitatively study the correlation of the distance of pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery bifurcation (DPVB) of normal fetuses in second and late trimester with the fetal biometric parameters using fetal echocardiography.Methods The distances of pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery bifurcation in end-systole (DPVBs) and in end-diastole (DPVBd) were measured in a standard short axis view or right ventricular outflow tract view using fetal echocardiography on 419 normal fetuses.The gestation ages ranged from 20 to 35+ weeks.Fetal non-cardiac biometric parameters including biparietal diameter (BPD),femoral length (FL) and gestation age (GA) based on menstrual age,pulmonary valve annulus diameters (PA) at end-systole were measured.The correlation between DPVBs,DPVBd and non-cardiac biometric parameters were analyzed.Results In normal fetuses,the DPVBs was (1.14±0.24)cm with a range of 0.67 to 1.61 cm,the DPVBd was (0.93±0.20)cm with a range of 0.53 to 1.33 cm.The DPVBs and DPVBd were increased with the growth of GA,and were positively correlated with GA,BPD,FL and PA (r=0.827,0.798,0.793,0.769;0.802,0.764,0.773 and 0.771,respectively,all P<0.001).The linear regression equations between DPVBs,DPVBd and GA,BPD,FL,PA were:Y=0.054×GA-0.369,Y=0.184×BPD-0.179,Y=0.217×FL+0.011,Y=1.602×PA+0.156,Y=0.045×GA-0.330,Y=0.152×BPD-0.157,Y=0.182×FL-0.018,Y=1.380×PA+0.080.Conclusions In normal fetuses,the DPVBs and DPVBd increase with the growth of GA,and have good correlation with GA,BPD,FL and PA,respectively.Normal reference ranges of DPVBs and DPVBd have been provided.These normative data may become a new tool for assessment of fetal heart,especially has potential applications in screening of complex congenital heart defects.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (5D Heart) in the display of key diagnostic elements in basic fetal echocardiographic views.Methods Using volume probe,3D volume datasets of the 209 normal singleton fetuses in the second and third trimesters were acquired from a four-chamber view.After processing the datasets by using 5D Heart,9 cardiac diagnostic planes were acquired and then the image qualities of key diagnosis elements of the heart and great vessels were graded by 3 doctors with different experiences of performing fetal echocardiography.Results Two hundred and sixty-two volume datasets were acquired from 209 normal fetuses,including 53 volume datasets collected when cardiac apex was in different directions,satisfactory datasets failed to be acquired in 27 fetuses because of the maternal obesity,the artifacts of fetal movement,or other influencing factors.Two hundred and thirty-one volume datasets of 182 fetuses could be used for 5D Heart analyzing and displaying,and the displaying rate of 9 standard diagnostic views was up to 88.2％.No significant difference was found when comparing the grading results of one observer in different periods of time,the grading results between two experienced doctors and the grading results among the experienced doctor and one relatively inexperienced doctor (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions 5D Heart has high reliability and repeatability in obtaining fetal echocardiographic diagnosis views and displaying fetal elemental diagnostic information.

Objective To investigate the correlation between eigenvalues(λ∥ andλ⊥)of sciatic nerve and limb function in a rabbit model of acute nerve traction inj ury for finding the role ofλ∥ andλ⊥ on diagnosis of nerve inj uries.Methods The right sciatic nerves of 32 Newland rabbits were selected to be performed as traction injury,and then left sciatic nerves were treated as control for the sham operation side.MRI DTI scan was performed before and after the operation on 1 day ,3 day,and 1 week,2,3,4,6 and 8 weeks respectively.Theλ∥ andλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves and sham operated nerves were measured,meanwhile functional exami-nations were evaluated,and then analyzing the correlation betweenλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves and the score of inj ured limb function in the periods of 3 days to 8 weeks;finally different portions of sciatic nerve were removed for histological examinations.Results Theλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves in the proximal portion was slightly increased at 3 days and recovered to the normal at 2 weeks.Theλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves in the traction portion and distal portion were slightly raised at 1 day,reached to its maximum value at 3 days,and then decreased gradually after 1 week and dropped to the pre-operation level after 4 weeks.Theλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves in the proximal portions was significantly higher than that of the sham-operated nerves from 1 day to 1 week(F=7.275,P=0.000). Theλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves in the traction portion and distal portion were significantly higher than that of the sham-operated nerves from 1 day to 3 weeks(F=5.851,F=3.794,P=0.001,P=0.000).However,there was no significantly difference between theλ∥ of inj ured nerves in each portion and sham-operated nerves .The negative correlation between theλ⊥ of inj ured sciatic nerves in the distal portion and the score of the nerve function in the injured limb was found (r=-0.938,r=-0.897,P<0.01).Conclu-sion Theλ⊥ of inj ured nerves in the traction portion and distal portion could monitor the process of degeneration and regeneration of sciatic nerve in traction inj ury,while theλ∥ plays no obvious role in diagnosis of nerve inj uries.