The etiology of rotated maxillary central incisor is unclear, but it has a clear familial tendency. Except for the environmental factors, gene expression directly influences craniofacial growth and the types of malocclusion deformity. In this article, a case of 180° rotated left maxillary central incisor of a male with family history of the deformity was reported. Relevant literature was also reviewed.
Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion ; diagnosis ; Maxilla

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of uhrasonography for arthrocentesis in the hip and the advance of the femoral head/acetabulum as the puncture location in patients without sonographically obvious joint effusion.Methods Forty-three patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis or osteoarthritis were included,82 hip joints were involved and received ultrasounded-guided intra-articular injections.The puncture site was the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum.The times,depth,procedure time,side effects and complications of each injection were recorded.ResultsAll 82 hips could be explicitly displayed.The depths from the skin surface to the joint space were (3.4 ± 0.9)cm (left)and (3.1 ± 0.8)cm (right),respectively.Overall,100％ of hip joints were punctured successfully,and 95.1％ of them were succeeded with the first arthrocentesis.The procedure time was (287.9 ± 45.8) s.No side effects or complications were observed.ConclusionsThe sonographic technique could be used as a primary method of image guidance for performing hip arthrocentesis and the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum could be a choice of target location for the patients without joint effusion.

Objective To compare the efficiency of oscillation with sonication in preparing nano-scale microbubbles (NBs).Methods Nano-scale microbubbles were prepared using oscillation and sonication respectively,and then compared the NBs' size,size distribution,concentrations and time-consumption of the two methods.Results The sizes of nanobubbles prepared by sonication and oscillation were (373.88 ±18.43)nm and (360.74 ± 14.39)nm,respectively.There was no significant difference in size between the two methods (P =0.523).The polidispersity was larger in sonication before centrifugation,there was significant difference between the two methods (P ＜0.001).The concentration of nanobubbles prepared by oscillation was (1.48 ± 0.15) × 1010,which was higher than that by oscillation [(8.07 ± 0.62) × 108],there was significant difference between the two methods (P ＜ 0.001).The consuming time was shorter in oscillation,the difference was significant when compared with sonication (P ＜0.001).Conclusions Both two methods can successfully prepare NBs.Compared with sonication,oscillation can effectively produce NBs with smaller polidispersity,higher concentration and shorter time-consumption.

Objective To explore the clinical application and diagnostic efficiency of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in assessing liver fibrosis of patients with viral and non-viral hepatitis. Methood Seventy-three patients with viral hepatitis and sixty with non-viral hepatitis scheduled for liver biopsy in the third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University from April, 2011 to January, 2013 were enrolled in this study. The Young's modulus in different fibrosis stages, correlation coefficients of liver fibrosis level and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were compared between patients with viral and non-viral hepatitis respectively. Results The hepatic Young's modulus of patients with viral and non-viral hepatitis in S0-1, S2-3, S4 were 6.1(4.8-6.6)kPa,7.4(6.0-8.4)kPa,10.3(7.6-14.0)kPa, and 10.7(8.0-13.5)kPa,24.7(17.4-32.1)kPa,26.8(16.5-31.7)kPa, respectively. The difference of Young's modulus between viral and non-viral hepatitis in S0-1 were statistically significant (Z=-3.45, P=0.001), while not in S2-3 and S=4 (Z=-0.40, -0.06, P=0.686, 0.956). Correlation coefficients of liver fibrosis with 2D-SWE in viral and non-viral hepatitis are 0.964,0.817 ( both P=0.000 ) with statistically significant difference (Z=2.42, P=0.015). The area under ROC for S≥2 and S=4 in viral and non-viral hepatitis were 0.964 and 0.930,0.817 and 0.906 respectively. The comparison was significantly different for S≥2 (Z=-2.47, P=0.014), while not for S=4 (Z=-0.502, P=0.616). Conclusion In liver fibrosis assessment, the diagnosis efficiency of 2D-SWE in patients with viral and non-viral hepatitis was different and dependent on fibrosis stage.

Objective To prepare targeted nanoscale lipid ultrasound contrast agent and study the targeting function in vitro.Methods After the biotinylated monoclonal antibody Herceptin was prepared,the biotinylated degree and immunological activity were determined.Then biotinylated antibody was attached to the surface of nanoscale lipid ultrasound contrast agents by avidin-biotin system to prepare the targeted nanobubbles.The targeting function was studied by observing the combination ability of the targeted nanobubbles with SKOV3 cells in vitro,non-targeted nanobubbles as controls,and observing ultrasound imaging in vitro.Results About 16 biotin molecules were coupled to each antibody in average,and the immunological activity of the biotinylated antibody didn't decrease compared with the free one(P ＞0.05).SKOV3 cells were combined firmly and surrounded regularly by red dyed targeted nanobubbles,while control groups were negative.Ultrasound imaging could be significantly enhanced by targeted nanobubble binding to SKOV3 cell slides,the other two control groups were negative.Conclusions Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agent and antibodys can be combined firmly by avidin-biotin system to produce the targeted nanobubbles,which have strong targeting function in vitro and significantly enhanced ultrasound signal.

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) and analyze the relation between the enhancement patterns of bile duct wall of ITBL and its outcome.Methods 36 patients confirmed with ITBL (24 cases),anastomotic biliary stricture (3 cases),cholangitis (4 cases),biliarysludge (1 cases),and acute rejection (4 cases),who underwent CEUS examination,were enrolled in this study.The images were retrospectively analyzed in consensus by 2 readers.After reviewing the images,the readers were asked to make a diagnosis of ITBL.The diagnostic standard was hypo-or non-enhancement of hilar bile duct wall in arterial phase on CEUS.Results The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 66.7％,83.3％,72.2％,88.9％,and 55.6％ for reader 1;62.5％,83.3％,69.4％,88.2％,and 52.6 ％ for reader 2,respectively.The interobserver agreement was good (κ =0.83).In 24 ITBL patients,the ratio of mortality or retransplantation with non enhancing hilar bile duct wall in arterial phase was much higher than that with enhancing hilar bile duct wall (non-enhancement 54.5％,hypo-enhancement 20％,hyper-or iso-enhancement 12.5％).Conclusions CEUS had diagnostic value of ITBL.Non-enhancing hilar bile duct wall in arterial phase on CEUS predicated the poor outcome.

Objective To tested the passive targeting of nanobubbles penetrating tumor vascular endothelial cells gap.Methods Twenty female BALB/c nude mice subcutaneously bearing human ovary cancer SKOV3 were devided into two groups:group A (ultrasound imaging) and group B (frozen sections:B1 and B2).DiI labled nanobubbles and microbubbles were prepared and adjusted into the same concentrations.Group A:Microbubbles and nanobubbles of 35 μl were injected into the tail vein of every mouse respectively (1.5 h interval).Ultrasound imaging were acquired.Group B:Nanobubbles and microbubbles of 10 μl were injected into the tail vein of mice in Group B1 and Group B2 respectively.Heart perfusion by PBS or 0.9％ normal saline was carried out 1.5 h after bubbles injection to clear the free bubbles in blood circulation.And the tumor and muscle of right lower limb were immediately cut off for frozen slices (3 μm),which were stained by Hoechst 33342 to mark the nucleus.Images were obtained with a confocal microscope.Results In vivo ultrasound imaging,the time to peak and clearance time of nanobubbles were longer than those of microbubbles,whereas the intensity of enhancement was lower than microbubbles.Frozen sections showed:with the confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging,quite a number of DiI-labeled nanobubbles existed in the intercellular space of SKOV3 tumor,whereas there were few nanobubbles in skeletal muscle sections.In the control,rare DiI-labeled microbubbles were observed in tumors and skeletal muscle.Conclusions Self-made lipid nanobubbles were small enough to pass through the tumor vascular endothelial gap,namely achieve the tumor passive targeting.

AIM: To study the effect of berberine(Ber) on invasion and migration of PG cells from a high metastatic human giant lung carcinoma cell line and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: Agarose drop method was used to detect PG migration; transwell cabin with FN in lower chamber was adopted to detect PG chemotaxis. PG adhesion to FN and martrigel was detected by MTT; PG invasive ability was determined by transwell cabin covered with martrigel. Expression of MMP2/TIMP2 protein and mRNA were detected by quantitative immunocytochemical method and RT - PCR respectively. RESULTS: After PG was treated by Ber( 10 mg/L) for 24 h: 1 ) migration distance of Ber- treated PG cells was markedly shorter than that of control cells (P ＜0. 01 ) and the number of passed membrane cells towards FN was much fewer than that of control cells ( P ＜ 0. 01 ); 2) PG adhesion to FN and martrigel was inhibited remarkably by Ber compared with control PG; 3) the migration of PG cells through the martrigel -coated transwell was significantly inhibited by the addition of Ber; 4) MMP2 expression was reduced significantly(P ＜0. 01 ), while the TIMP2 expression showed up - regulating tendency, but had no differences compared with control group (P ＞ 0. 05). The MMP2/TIMP2 ratio was decreased; 5 )the MMP2 mRNA/TIMP2 mRNA ratio was decreased by Ber. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of cell migration, adhesion to ECM and invasion into ECM of tumor cells and regulation of homeostasis between MMPs and TIMPs to maintain ECM integrity may be the basic mechanism of inhibitive effect of Ber on invasion and metastasis of tumors.

Objective To know the change of medical care and health services utilization of Yayuncun community residents in Beijing. Methods Using the prospective study, residents above 15 years old were selected to answer the Beijing Typical Community Resident Questionnaire designed by the local researchers. In 2004 and 2005, the baseline survey was carried. From 2006 to 2008, same questionnaire was used to follow-up survey, and 1412 residents were selected into the last study. Results The proportion of people who should see a doctor but not in past month were decreased, the differences among the three years were significant (P ＜ 0. 01 ); The top three reasons that who should see a doctor but not were the "medical care costs too high", "self- felt the sickness light", "self-treatment". The residents who went to the community health agencies increased from 2006 to 2008. The medical costs ( drugs, medical fees,inspection fees) decreased from 2006 to 2008, the differences were significant (P ＜0. 01 ) ;The satisfaction increased from 2006 to 2008, the differences were significant ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Under the comprehensive promotion of community health services in Beijing, the satisfaction and the utilization of medical care and health services were improved.

Objective To quantitatively study the distance between the left atrial posterior wall and the descending aorta(DLD)in the normal fetal four-chamber view using fetal echocardiography.Methods The distances between the left atrial posterior wall and the descending aorta in end-systole (DLDs) and in end-diastole(DLDd) were measured in a standard apical four-chamber view using fetal echocardiography in 300 normal fetuses.The gestation ages ranged from 20 to 40 weeks.Fetal non-cardiac biometric parameters included femoral length(FL),biparietal diameter(BPD) and gestation age (GA) based on menstrual age. The correlation between DLDs,DLDd and non-cardiac biometric parameters were analyzed.Results In normal fetuses,the DLDs was (0.32±0.08)cm with a range of 0.19 -0.48 cm,the DLDd was (0.43 ± 0.10)cm with a range of 0.25-0.62 cm.The DLDs and DLDd increased with the growth of GA,and were correlated with GA and BPD and FL significantly (r = 0.545,0.556,0.574,0.530,0.563 and 0.576, respectively,all P <0.001).The linear regression equations between DLDs,DLDd and GA,BPD,FL were:Y =0.009GA+0.041 ,Y =0.038BPD+0.028,Y =0.044 FL+0.073,Y =0.01 1 GA+0.083,Y =0.048 BPD+0.063,Y = 0.054 FL + 0.124,respectively.Conclusions In normal fetuses,the DLDs and DLDd increase with the growth of GA,and have good correlation with GA,BPD,and FL respectively.Normal reference ranges of DLDs and DLDd have been provided.These normative data may be a new tool for assessment of fetal heart,especially has potential applications in screening of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TPVAC),absent pulmonary valve syndrome(APVS)or other complex congenital heart defects.