Objective Pathogens from the nosocomial infection have been analyzed by MALDI‐TOF microbial identification system ,to evaluate mass spectrometry analysis advantage and explore the mass spectrometry method .Methods The pathogens have been analyzed by MALDI‐TOF microbial identification system ,by compared with the VITEK‐2 compact detection in the tes‐ting time ,detection rate and the amounts of identified strains .The homology differences have been analyzed by comparison calcula‐tion of common peaks from the fingerprint spectrums .Results Thirty‐one Escherichia coli strains ,28 Klebsiella pneumonia strains and 9 unusual pathogen strains have been identified by MALDI‐TOF MS for only 1 hours .It has more advantages than VITEK‐2 in the testing time and other aspects .Conclusion Nosocomial infection of pathogen shows a point source propagation mode centering on the department .MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry is able to rapidly and correctly identify the pathogen .MALDI‐TOF microbial i‐dentification system is expected to be the major detecting technique in the field of the pathogen monitor and resistance monitoring a ‐nalysis .

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to detect the influence of plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels before treatment in the prognosis of advanced stage (stageⅢB-Ⅳ) of NSCLC. Methods The study comprised 134 NSCLC patients with clear pathological diagnosis. All patients were grouped by plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels before treatment. We set the normal values of fibrinogen as≤4 g/L and D-dimer as≤500μg/L(FEU). Patients with normal levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were grouped into low risk group, patients with elevated fibrinogen or D-dimer were grouped into median risk group, and patients with both elevated values were grouped into high risk group. Chi-square test and one way ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the clinicopathologic features of different groups. The OS and PFS in different groups were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate analysis of PFS and OS were conducted. Then multivariate analysis was conducted with the Cox regression model in three groups. Results The clinicopathologic features showed no differences between different groups. There were significant differences in OS and PFS between high risk group and other groups. In the survival curves, the high risk group showed poor prognosis. The result of multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage (OS:RR=1.846, 95%CI 1.150-2.964,P=0.011; PFS:RR=1.762, 95%CI 1.190-2.609, P=0.005) and grouped by fibrinogen and D-dimer (OS:RR=1.415,95%CI 1.050-1.908,P=0.023;PFS:RR=1.373,95%CI 1.070-1.761,P=0.013) were prognostic factors for patients with NSCLC. Conclusion The plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels before treatment are closely related with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. And a high plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels before treatment are associated with poor prognosis in advanced stage of NSCLC patients.

Limb length discrepancy is caused by either congenital or acquired conditions,such as growth arrest,osteomyelitis,trauma or tumor.Conventional Limb lengthening utilizes external fixators which lead to great inconvenience to patient's daily life.Complications are however common including pin-site infection,soft tissue tethering from the pins and wires resulting in pain,regenerate deformity or fracture after frame removal and intolerance of the frames.In order to reduce the time of external fixator treatment,various combinations techniques of both external and internal fixation have been developed.However,there is still a risk of deep infection of the implant due to contamination of the previous pin tracts of the external fixation.Fullly implantable intramedullary lengthening nail can avoid the problems of external fixator,including discomfort,pin sites infection,muscular transfixation and soft tissue tethering.There are still some problems including serious pain,too quick lengthening and authorization,so the earlier generations of products could not be safely and widely used.The newest generation of magnetic intramedullary lengthening nail represented by PRECICE (NuVasive,Inc.,Irvine,CA,USA) has obtained good early clinical results with its stability,precision and controllability.PRECICE is broadly used in the world,which may become the new direction of treatment for limb lengthening and deformity correction.This article aims to review the recent development of fully implantable intramedullary lengthening nail,including clinical application,preoperative planning,key points of surgery,postoperative rehabilitation,and complications.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of the Ilizarov method combined with two kinds of reversed neurocutaneous island flaps transfer for posttraumatic equinus with soft tissue defects on ankle and foot.Methods Data of 21 cases of posttraumatic equinus with soft tissue defects on ankle and foot who were treated with the Ilizarov external fixation combined with the two kinds of reversed neurocutaneous island flaps transfer from June 2006 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 17 males and 4 females,aged from 26 to 65 years,with an average age of 43.9 years.The soft tissue defect dimensions ranged from 6 cm×5 cm to 10 cm×9 cm,and the time from the initial trauma to the operation ranged from 2.5 to 240.0 months.The mean preoperative equinus contracture was-38.9° (range,-25° to-66°),and total ankle range of motion (ROM) was 7.1° (range,0°-18°).All cases were treated with the Ilizarov external fixation combined with the two kinds of reversed neurocutaneous island flaps transfer.Two weeks after the flap transfer,distraction of the Ilizarov fixator was initiated to gradually correct the equinus foot.The flap survival was observed in the postoperative period,and the International Club Foot Study Group (ICFSG) score was collected at the latest follow-up.The criteria were used to assess the morphological and functional outcome.Results A total of 21 resversed flaps were transferred,including 15 sural neurocutaneous flaps and 6 saphenous neurocutaneous flaps.The sizes of flaps were from 7 cm±6 cm to 11 cm± 10 cm.Among them,17 patients underwent primary flap transfer,and 4 patients underwent a delayed second-stage procedure 2 weeks after primary surgery.The 4 delayed flaps contain 3 sural neurocutaneous flaps and 1 saphenous neurocutaneous flap.All 21 patients were followed up and the average periodof follow-up was 20.3 months (range,8-96 months).Among the 21 flaps,19 survived completely.Although marginal necrosis was observed in 2 cases,these wounds healed after subsequent debridement and dressing change treatment.No major complication was seen,but superficial pin tract infection was present in 4 cases who then received dressing change and oral antibiotic.Deformities were corrected,and ankle motion had increased significantly.The mean ankle activity at the latest follow up was 22° (range,8°-38°),and postoperative ICFSG score at the latest follow-up was 5.67±3.09,which significantly reduced compared with preoperative one (30.81 ±3.63).The difference was statistically significant (t=32.815,P=0.035).The results were excellent in 13 feet,good in 7,and fair in 1,with the excellent and good rate of 95.24％ (20/21).The local infections were cured without recurrence at operative site.Equinus deformities were corrected,and the latest follow-up results showed that all patients walked normally without recurrence.Conclusion Ilizarov method combined with reversed sural and saphenous neurocutaneous island flap can improve the limb function and the flap can survival with good clinical effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of combined Ilizarov technique with tendon transfer for the treatment of rigid equinovarus foot deformity.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 11 patients (14 feet) with rigid equinovarus foot deformity who were treated by Ilizarov technique combined with tendon transfer without additional bony procedures from August 2015 to February 2018.The average age was 21.6 years old (range,12-36 years old) and 6 patients were males and 5 patients were females.According to Dimeglio classification,8 feet were grade Ⅱ and 6 feet were grade Ⅲ.Seven patients (10 feet) were treated with external fixator and tendon transfer simultaneously.Four patients (4 feet) underwent staging surgery,in which Achilles tendon lengthening,plantar fascia lysis and slow correction of deformity with external fixator were performed as the first stage operation,followed by the second stage tendon transfer.The average interval between the two operations was 26.5 days (range,20-32 days).The lateral tibiotalar angle on load-bearing ankle radiographs and tibiocalcaneal angle on Saltzman view radiographs were measured after operation,and compared with that before operation.Functional evaluation was performed by The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Ankle Hind foot Scale.Quality of life assessment was assessed by the MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Scale.The excellent and good rate of operation was evaluated by the International Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) scoring system.Results All patients were followed up for 6 months to 36 months with an average of 20 months.All cases achieved effective correction.There were no neurovascular complications in this group of patients.The preoperative ankle range of motion in dorsiflexion was-19.9°± 14.8°,and plantar flexion 38.5°± 12.8°.At the latest follow-up,the mean dorsiflexion increased to 2.7°± 1.6° and the plantar flexion decreased to 21.0°±9.2°.Preoperative Dimeglio classification included 8 feet in grade Ⅱ,6 feet in grade Ⅲ.At the latest follow-up,there were 13 feet in grade Ⅰ and 1 foot in grade Ⅱ.The tibiotalar angle was 122.2°± 16.6° before surgery and 100.8°±4.8° at the latest follow-up.The tibiocalcaneal angle of the Saltzman view was-25.2°±9.2° before surgery and-3.7°±2.8° at the latest follow-up.The mean preoperative AOFAS score increased from 63.9± 12.7 to 85.2±9.7,with statistically significant difference (t=14.87,P＜ 0.05).The average SF-36 score increased from 50.1±8.4 to 63.7±8.1,with statistically significant difference (t=4.10,P＜ 0.05).At the latest follow-up,the average ICFSG score was 6.6 (range,3-16).According to the classification of ICFSG score,there were 7 feet excellent,6 feet good,and Ⅰ foot fair,with an excellent and good rate of 92.9％ (13/14).Conclusion Ilizarov technique combined with tendon transfer could achieve successful correction of rigid equinovarus foot deformity with satisfactory short-term results.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of circular external fixator and intramedullary nail in treatment of tibial segmental fractures.Methods:A retrospective case control study was performed on clinical data of 43 patients with segmental tibial fractures treated from January 2006 to December 2012 in Tianjin Hospital. There were 31 males and 12 females with age range of 20-60 years［（35.9±9.6）years］. All fractures were classified as type 42C2 using the AO/OTA classification. A total of 21 patients treated with circular external fixator（circular fixator group）and 22 patients were treated with intramedullary nail（intramedullary nail group）. The condition of vascular and neural injuries，methods of fracture reduction，time of full weight bearing，bone healing time and infection rate were compared between the two groups. The proximal tibial medial angle，proximal tibial posterior angle，IOWA knee and ankle joint score，range of motion of flexion of keen joint and range of motion of plantar flexion and dorsal flexion of ankle joint were compared between the two groups at the last follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 12- 48 months［（19.6±2.1）months］. There were no vascular and neural injuries or other severe complications in both groups. All 21 patients in circular fixator group underwent closed reduction but 3 patients in intramellary nail group were treated by open reduction. The time of full weight bearing was（12.9±2.8）days and in circular fixator group and（75.1±8.0）days in intramedullary nail group（ P<0.05），with bone healing time for（7.0±1.0）months and（8.2±1.4）months，respectively（ P<0.05）. There was no deep infection in both groups. In circular fixator group and intramedullary nail group，the proximal tibial medial angle was（86.7±1.5）° and（93.5±1.7）°（ P<0.05），while the proximal tibial posterior angle was（82.1±1.8）°and（75.1±2.7）°（ P<0.05）. No significant differences were found between the two groups at the last follow-up concerning IOWA knee and joint score，range of motion of flexion of keen joint and range of motion of plantar flexion of ankle joint（ P>0.05）. The range of motion of dorsal flexion of ankle joint in intramedullary nail group was（30.9±3.0）°，better than（21.2±2.2）° in circular fixator group（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:For segmental tibial fractures，cirlular external fixation is superior to intromedullary nail in aspects of completely close reduction，early full weight bearing and early bone healing and alignment.

Treatment of large bone defects and nonunion induced by various causes requires bone graft, and autologous iliac bone graft has always been considered as the gold standard for the treatment of bone transplantation. However, there exist problems such as postoperative pain and numbness in the donor area or insufficient bone taking. The application of reamer-irrigator-aspirator（RIA）technique can reduce complications in the donor area and collect a maximum of 90 ml of autologous bone to treat large bone defects. In addition, it can also be used to remove the infected lesion and residual bone cement in the medullary cavity. The authors review the instrument structure, operation process, clinical application and complications of RIA technique, so as to provide a reference in the treatment of bone defects and intramedullary canal infection.

Objective:To investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD),thus to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of the Eight Confluent Points.Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a blank group,a model group,an electroacupuncture(EA)group,and a Western medicine group by the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the blank group did not receive modeling or intervention.Rats in the other three groups were subjected to the FD with mood disorder model using the compound etiology modeling method.After the successful modeling,rats in the model group did not receive any interventions,rats in the Western medicine group received deanxit and mosaprid intervention,and those in the EA group received EA intervention on the ipsilateral Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)for 21 d.The sugar-water consumption rate was measured before the experiment and before and after interventions to assess the emotional status.The gastric emptying rate was measured after interventions to assess the gastrointestinal dynamics.The expression levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and adrenal corticosterone(CORT)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the blank group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were decreased(P<0.01),and the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT expression levels were increased(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT were significantly decreased(P<0.01)in the EA group and the Western medicine group.The differences between the EA group and the Western medicine group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:The Eight Confluent Points Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)can improve the mood and gastrointestinal dynamics in FD rats,which may be achieved by down-regulating the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT,as well as by correcting the HPA axis hyperfunction.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of Ilizarov external fixation combined pedicle flap transfer in the treatment of infected tibial nonunion plus soft tissue defects.Methods:A retrospective study was performed to analyze the data of 35 patients with infected tibial nonunion plus soft tissue defects who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University from July 2005 to July 2020. There were 25 males and 10 females with an age of (37.5±6.0) years. Their original traumas were 27 open and 8 closed fractures, with a disease course ranging from 8 to 42 months. Three patients had undergone 1 operation, 7 patients 2 operations, and 25 patients 3 or more operations. All patients presented with different degrees of skin and soft tissue defects or bone exposure, wound sinus formation and bone scaring. The size of pedicle flaps transferred ranged from 6 cm×5 cm to 15 cm×10 cm. Surgical transfer of skin flap and external fixation were performed at one stage in 25 patients while staged surgery was performed in 10 patients. The first stage consisted of local debridement, vacuum sealing drainage, and delayed flap operation while the second stage consisted of delayed flap transfer and Ilizarov external fixation. The survival of skin flap, limb shortening, bony union and complications were observed after operation. The limb function was evaluated according to the criteria of The Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) for bone and functional results.Results:All patients were followed up for (23.8±7.4) months. Fracture union was achieved in all. The flaps survived postoperatively, the wounds were repaired by the first intention, infection did not recur, and bony union was achieved in 32 patients. Partial necrosis of the flap edge occurred in 3 cases, but responded to dressing change. In the 10 patients undergoing delayed flap operation, 100% of the flaps survived. In all patients, the limbs were shortened by (0.8±0.1) cm, and the tibial fractures got united after (7.2±1.2) months. By the ASAMI criteria for bone results, 29 cases were excellent and 6 cases good; by the ASAMI criteria for functional results, 25 cases were excellent, 8 cases good, and 2 cases fair.Conclusion:As Ilizarov external fixation combined pedicle flap transfer can repair bone and soft-tissue defects at the same time, this surgical scheme facilitates infection control and leads to reliable outcomes.

Objective To measure the gap of community health staffing and establish new norms for community health facilities by means of the WHO Workload indicator of staffing need (WISN) method,for reference of the government in evaluation and decision making of community health staffing. Methods With Xicheng District of Beijing as an example,we collected data on community health staffing and calculated the total demand,measuring the total demand and supply,and gap or surplus in the staffing.Results in 2013,the demand of community health staffing was about 1 7.18 million standard equivalents in Xicheng,while the supply was 10.5 12 million.The WISN ratio was 0.67 for community health supply and demand,in which the ratio of physicians was close to 1,while that of nurses and public health workers was far below 1.850 extra community health staff was needed to reach the total of 2 602 persons.Conclusion The demand and supply of community health service in Xicheng District was seriously unbalanced,a huge gap featuring overstaffing of nurses and inadequate public health workers.This results from the enhancement of primary public health services and rising utilization of community healthcare services in recent years,which deserves high attention from government of all levels,by increasing the staffing of community health staffing standards.