With the development of business of manned spaceflight, the body damage of astronauts on the space en-vironment has received growing concern. Weight loss is the most important cause of various diseases, and the weightlessness muscle atrophy is one of urgent problems to be solved in aerospace medicine. Although there is no concept of weightlessness or weightlessness muscle atrophy in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM can grasp the pathogenesis of complex diseases, and provide important theoretical references for the prevention and management of weightlessness diseases, especially weightlessness muscle atrophy. In this paper, TCM Cognition of weightlessness and the pathogenesis of weightlessness muscle atrophy was studied by the sight of TCM theory of qi hoisting. The discussion was made from aspects of circulation of qi and blood, zang-fu function. This work is wished to be beneficial to apply the TCM theory in aerospace medicine.

BACKGROUND:Osteopontin, a kind of extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has been found to participate in synthesis and catabolism of osteoarthritic chondrocyte extracellular matrix. However, the effect of osteopontin on the proliferation ability of osteoarthritic chondrocytes is little reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of osteopontin on the chondrocyte proliferation in human knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Cartilage samples were obtained from the patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing knee arthroplasty at the Xiangya Hospital from January 2012 to June 2012. The chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and then divided into four groups: blank control, osteopontin, Con-shRNA and osteopontin-shRNA groups. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfection of osteopontin-shRNA lentivirus, the infection rate was up to 80%. Compared with the blank control group, osteopontin group showed a significant increase in the absorbance value of osteoarthritic chondrocytes, while after osteopontin-shRNA lentivirus transfection, the absorbance value was significantly decreased (bothP < 0.05). Additionally, after osteopontin-shRNA transfection, the expression level of osteopontin was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). To conclude, osteopontin can promote the proliferation of osteoarthritic chondrocytes, which is considered as a new treatment target for osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the diagnositc value of high frequency ultrasound guided fine needle aspirates (FNA) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in fine-needle aspirate fluid (FNA-Tg) measurement for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in patients underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods Sixty-five patients with 79 suspected metastatic lymph nodes were retrospective analysis in this study.FNA for suspected lymph nodes was performed guided by high frequency ultrasound and FNATg was measured.The histopathologic diagnosis for all of the suspected lymph nodes was obtained after lymphadenectomy.Results By histopathologic diagnosis,62 lymph nodes were positive metastasis,while 17 were negative metastasis.Fifty-four lymph nodes were diagnosed as positive metastasis and 25 as negative metastasis by FNA.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FNA for assessing cervical metastatic lymph nodes from PTC were 89.87％ (71/79),87.10％ (54/62),100％ (17/17),100％ (54/54) and 68.00％ (17/25),respectively.Sixty-five lymph nodes were diagnosed as positive metastasis and 14 as negative metastasis by FNA-Tg.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FNA-Tg were 96.20％ (76/79),100％ (62/62),82.35％ (14/17),95.38％ (62/65) and 100％ (14/14),respectively.There was no significant difference between FNA and FNA-Tg for evaluating cervical metastatic lymph nodes from PTC (x2 =1.454,P =0.228).Eight positive metastatic lymph nodes which were missed by FNA were corrected diagnosed by FNA-Tg measurement.Conclusions Both FNA and FNA-Tg are effective methods for assessing cervical metastatic lymph nodes from PTC postoperatively,and these two methods could be combined for early and accurate evaluating the lymph nodes state.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment of skeletal crossbite adults with mandibular deviation.

METHODSEighteen skeletal Class III adult patients with borderline skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation were selected (5 males, 13 females). The mean age was 25 years. All cases were treated with straight-wire appliance in upper arch and occlusal plate in the lower arch.Elastics were applied to correct mandibular deviation. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before and after treatment. Paired t-test was performed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the anterior crossbite was corrected and Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved. The inclination of upper incisors was increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONSStraight-wire appliance combined with occlusal plate was effective on correcting adult patients with mild, moderate skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation.

Adult ; Cephalometry ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Molar ; Orthodontic Wires

Objective To review the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute focal renal infarction. Methods Three cases of focal renal infarction were reported and the literature was reviewed.The patients aged from 45 to 63 years with mean age of 54. Two cases had low back pain, 1 case with abdominal pain. Based on clinical history, B-ultrasonography and CT scan, focal renal infarction was diagnosed in 3 patients. There were 2 cases on left kidney and 1 case right. All cases were applied digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and thrombolytic anticoagulant therapy. Results Two cases received DSA and thrombolytic therapy. The other one case received pethidine 50 mg, progesterone 20 mg treatment, the salvia infusion and low molecular heparin 6000 U anticoagulant therapy. All patients had symtoms relieved after 1 d. A week later CT scan, 3 cases of renal infarction were apparently disappeared. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were normal. Three patients were followed, mean follow-up time was 1. 5 (0. 5-2) years. Conclusions The diagnosis of acute focal renal infarction mainly depends on B-ultrasound and CT. Early diagnosis and treatment is important for achieving recovery of the compromised renal function. Renal infarction should be suspected in the presence of abdominal pain of sudden onset.

Objective: To observe the joint effect of school and family tobacco control on middle school students, and to explore its effectiveness in reducing second-hand smoke exposure in middle school students’ families, as so asto provide a new way of thinking for controlling smoking among middle school sudents. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the study of 2 125 primary and high school students in four middle schools in the Dongcheng District of Beijing by means of a stratified group sampling method. Personal information of students, tobacco control environment around the family, school and surrounding ares, as well as the knowledge, attitude and behavior of students related to tobacco control was collected. Results: The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in the families of middle and high school students in Dongcheng District of Beijing was 33.41%. Smoking by at least one parent was positively correlated with second-hand smoke exposure in the student’s home (OR=22.88, P<0.05). Among the students who saw the "clear no-smoking label" on campus, the exposure rate (4.92%) when the smoking restriction was set on the home was lower than that of those who did not have a regulation in the home (58.94%) (χ2=452.57, P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression showed that there was a combination of family smoking restrictions and second-hand smoke exposure in middle and high school students who had seen the smoking ban on campus (OR=0.08) and had the school’s tobacco control education (OR=0.08). Conclusion The joint tobacco control measures between school and family can effectively reduce the exposure rate of second-hand smoke in middle school students’ families, which is better than the effect of tobacco control alone.

Baicalein(BE), a natural flavonoid mainly extracted from Radix Scutellaria, has comprehensive pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammation, anti-virus and anti-cancer activities. It belongs to BCS class II compound with relatively low oral bioavailability. The current study aims to improve its aqueous solubility and dissolution and hence to enhance its oral absorption by cocrystallization technique. Slurry crystallization method was employed to prepare baicalein cocrystal with co-former caffeine(CA), followed by physicochemical characterizations with DSC, XRPD and FTIR. Compared to BE and physical mixture of BE and CA, BE-CA cocrystal had a significantly higher dissolution of BE. In addition, in comparison to BE, this cocrystal achieved reduced time to peak(tmax)as well as significantly higher peak plasma concentrations(cmax)and area under the curve(AUCs)for both BE and its active metabolite baicalin(BI)in rats, suggesting enhanced the oral bioavailability of BE.

Objective:To investigate the diversity of T cell receptor repertoire in patients with Takayasu arteritis and analyze the side chain gene expression and distribution pattern of V、J gene rearrangement of T cell receptors.Methods:The peripheral blood samples of 8 patients with Takayasu arteritis and 4 healthy controls were collected. After constructing the library, high-throughput sequencing was performed with Illumina hiseq X10 sequencer. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to obtain the sequences and compared with the reference sequences. the frequency information of V/D/J genes, and extraction of CDR region sequenceswere compared. The diversity of the TCR repertoire was also evaluated, and the comparative analysis and cluster analysis between groups and within samples were carried out. The data were analyzed by R language statistical software. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results:There was no significant difference in D50 index and Shannon entropy of chain CDR3 between Takayasu arteritis group and healthy control group. There was no significant difference in high-frequency cloning between the two groups. However, a total of 21 gene rearrangement fragments were different between the two groups. The expression of 14 V/J gene rearrangement fragments such as TRBV15-TRBJ2-3 [0.31 (0.27, 0.70) ], TRBV26-TRBJ2-6[0.30 (0.23, 0.57) ], TRBV28-TRBJ1-4[179 (139, 412) ], TRBV28-TRBJ1-6[362 (253, 419) ] in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( Z score were 2.65, 2.08, 2.27, 2.27, 2.27, 2.08, 2.65, 2.08, 2.27, 2.27, 2.08, 2.08, 2.46 and 2.22 respectively, P<0.05). The expression of seven V/J gene rearrangement fragments such as TRBV10-1-TRBJ1-2 [7.49 (4.9, 12.1) ],TRBV29-1-TRBJ2-2[10.5 (4.0, 12.8) ], TRBV-4-2-TRBJ2-6 [3.31 (1.8, 5.8) ] in the patients with Takayasu arteritis group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( Z score were -2.08, -2.27, -2.08, -2.08, -2.27, -2.08 and -2.29, P<0.05). Conclusion:Although there is no significant decrease in the diversity of peripheral blood TCR repertoire in patients with Takayasu arteritis, there are differences in the expression of chain V and J genes of TCR genes, and there is unique V/J rearrangement clones.

Objective To explore the sonographic features and clinical factors associated with skip metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods We reviewed 276 PTC cases pathologically confirmed after operation in our hospital,analyzing the ultrasonographic features and clinical characteristics of primary site and risk factors of skip metastasis.Results The rate of skip metastasis was 16.6％,and level Ⅱ or level Ⅲ were the most common area.In univariate analysis,skip metastasis was associated with tumor location,tumor maximum size,and calcification.Multivariate analysis showed the primary tumor location in the upper portion,tumor size ≤ 10 mm,and microcalcification were independent predictive factors for skip metastasis.Conclusions In papillary thyroid carcinoma,skip metastases rate is high when primary tumor location in the upper portion,tumor size ≤ 10 mm,and there is microcalcification.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic genes, clinical features and treatment as well as follow-up of children with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS).Methods:The clinical data, genetic test results and follow-up data of 16 congenital LQTS children with syncope as the first manifestation admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from August 2016 to March 2023 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 16 LQTS patients, the age of first syncope onset was 1.3-13.3 (7.37±3.41) years, and the interval between first syncope onset and clinical diagnosis was 0-48 (14.8±16.2) months.A total of 13 (81.3%) patients had triggers of syncope, of which nine were exercise-induced and four were emotional induced.Genetic testing was performed in 13 patients with LQTS, of which 12 (92.3%) were found to have pathogenic or suspected pathogenic mutations from KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A gene.The corrected QT interval of 16 patients was (550.0±50.2) ms, all cases≥460 ms.Schwartz scored 6.0 (5.0, 6.0) points, all cases≥4 points.All patients were initially treated with metoprolol or propranolol, of which 14 patients were followed up to date, three patients had recurrent syncope, and five patients stopped taking the medicines by themselves.One patient with high-dose metoprolol (LQT2) was treated with mexiletine after recurrent episodes.One patient who was intolerant to high-dose propranolol underwent left cardiac sympathectomy and was followed up after surgery without syncope episodes.None of the patients underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Conclusion:Children with LQTS and syncope symptoms have high positive rate of genetic tests.The genetic results could assist typing of patients with LQTS and guide treatment.Routine electrocardiogram screening in children with syncope may diagnose LQTS earlier and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.β-blockers are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with LQTS.Strengthening follow-up management and improving patients′ treatment compliance is conducive to further improving the treatment response rate of patients.