Cancer immunotherapy is a new approach to cancer treatment. Dendritic cells, the most potent antigen-presenting cells found in humans, have attracted a lot of researches. However, dendritic cells are insufficient to cross-present self-antigens in-vivo. To improve the dendritic cells' antigen-presenting capabilities and the anti-tumor effect, in vitro preparation of dendritic cell vaccine and combination with pro-apoptotic treatments such as chemotherapy are being used.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of uhrasonography for arthrocentesis in the hip and the advance of the femoral head/acetabulum as the puncture location in patients without sonographically obvious joint effusion.Methods Forty-three patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis or osteoarthritis were included,82 hip joints were involved and received ultrasounded-guided intra-articular injections.The puncture site was the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum.The times,depth,procedure time,side effects and complications of each injection were recorded.ResultsAll 82 hips could be explicitly displayed.The depths from the skin surface to the joint space were (3.4 ± 0.9)cm (left)and (3.1 ± 0.8)cm (right),respectively.Overall,100％ of hip joints were punctured successfully,and 95.1％ of them were succeeded with the first arthrocentesis.The procedure time was (287.9 ± 45.8) s.No side effects or complications were observed.ConclusionsThe sonographic technique could be used as a primary method of image guidance for performing hip arthrocentesis and the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum could be a choice of target location for the patients without joint effusion.

Objective To investigatet the effects of miR-122 in the therapy of bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs)for acute liver injury in the rats,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods The BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of male rats by density gradient centrifugation.The BMSCs were divided into transfection group and control group.The BMSCs in transfection group were transfected with miR-122 mimics by liposome,while the BMSCs in control group were not.60 SD rats with acute liver injury induced by 10%CCl4 were randomly divided into control group (the saline was injected through mainline),normal treatment group (the normal BMSCs were injected through mainline) and experimental therapy group (the BMSCs transfected with miR-122 mimics by liposome were injected through mainline)(n=20).The liver function and tissue pathology were examined at 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after transplantation.Results The expression level of ALB in BMSCs was up-regulated,while the AFP expression level was down-regulated after the transfection of miR-122 mimics.At 1 d after transfection of BMSCs,the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities had no significant difference between normal treatment group and experimental therapy group.At 7 d and 14 d after transfection of BMSCs,the serum ALT and AST activities in experimental therapy group were obviously lower than those in normal treatment group (P <0.05).The liver congestion,cytoplasm degeneration and liver cell necrosis in experimental therapy group were improved compared with normal treatment group.Conclusion The up-regulation of miR-122 expression in BMSCs would promote its differentiation into hepatocyte like cells,which plays a role in promoting the recovery of liver injury.

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) and analyze the relation between the enhancement patterns of bile duct wall of ITBL and its outcome.Methods 36 patients confirmed with ITBL (24 cases),anastomotic biliary stricture (3 cases),cholangitis (4 cases),biliarysludge (1 cases),and acute rejection (4 cases),who underwent CEUS examination,were enrolled in this study.The images were retrospectively analyzed in consensus by 2 readers.After reviewing the images,the readers were asked to make a diagnosis of ITBL.The diagnostic standard was hypo-or non-enhancement of hilar bile duct wall in arterial phase on CEUS.Results The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 66.7％,83.3％,72.2％,88.9％,and 55.6％ for reader 1;62.5％,83.3％,69.4％,88.2％,and 52.6 ％ for reader 2,respectively.The interobserver agreement was good (κ =0.83).In 24 ITBL patients,the ratio of mortality or retransplantation with non enhancing hilar bile duct wall in arterial phase was much higher than that with enhancing hilar bile duct wall (non-enhancement 54.5％,hypo-enhancement 20％,hyper-or iso-enhancement 12.5％).Conclusions CEUS had diagnostic value of ITBL.Non-enhancing hilar bile duct wall in arterial phase on CEUS predicated the poor outcome.

Objective To investigate the effects of a new c-Met inhibitor SU11274 on apoptosis and motility of c-Met-positive basal-like breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Methods The concentrations of SUl1274 were set to 0,0.1,1,10 and 20 μmol/L.Morphological change of apoptotic cells was analyzed by Hoechst33342,MitroTrackerRed and Yo-pro-1 staining.The apoptotic rate of MDA-MB-231 cells were determined by Annexin V/PI double-staining. The expression of apoptosis related proteins (Bcl-XL,Caspase-3 and PARP) and phosphorylation levels of c-Met and Akt were analyzed by Western blot.The capability of motility were measured by wound-healing assay and chemotaxis assay. Results After treatment by SU11274( 10 μmol/L) for 48 h,shrinking apoptotic cells of MDA-MB-231 was observed by flurescent microscope and nuclear fragmentation was seen.Annexin V/PI double-staining showed SU11274induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells (P ＜ 0.05 ),and the apoptotic rates were (7.3 ± 0.9) ％,( 14.1 ±0.6) ％,(35.5 ± 4.4) ％ and (48.2 ± 5.3 ) ％,respectively.SU11274 downregulated the expression of Bcl-XL and promoted the dissection of Caspase-3 and PARP in a dose dependent relationship.SU11274 prolongs the wound-healing time,decreases the migration cell count (P ＜ 0.05 ) and effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of c-Met and its downstream key proteins Akt in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions C-Met inhibitor SU11274 induces apoptosis and inhibits the motility of c-Met-positive basallike breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231,probably through inhibiting phosphorylation of c-Met/PI3K/Akt.

Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of blindness in people with diabetes.At present,there are many views on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy,including the changes of retinal microenvironment caused by high glucose,the formation of advanced glycation end products,oxidative stress injury,inflammatory reaction and angiogenesis factor.These mechanisms produce a common pathway that leads to retinal degeneration and microvascular injury in the retina.In recent years,cell regeneration therapy plays an increasingly important role in the process of repairing diseases.Different types of stem cells have neurological and vascular protection for the retina,but the focus of the target is different.It has been reported that stem cells can regulate the retinal microenvironment and protect the retinal nerve cells by paracrine production,and can also reduce immune damage through potential immunoregulation,and can also differentiate into damaged cells by regenerative function.Combined with the above characteristics,stem cells show the potential for the repair of diabetic retinopathy,this stem cell-based regenerative therapy for clinical application provides a pre-based evident.However,in the process of stem cell transplantation,homogeneity of stem cells,cell delivery,effective homing and transplantation to damaged tissue is still a problem of cell therapy.

Objective To observe the influence of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC) transplanted into the tail vein of diabetic rats on apoptosis of retinal neurons and the retinal expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Methods Seventy clean male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (group A),diabetes mellitus (DM) only group (group B),DM + balanced salt solution (BSS) group (group C),DM + hUCMSC group (group D),with 10 rats in each group.DM rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Apoptosis of retinal cells was assayed by dUTP nick end labeling.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot was performed to detect the retinal expressions of GFAP in rats.Results Compared with group A,large numbers of apoptotic cells could be found in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) of group B and group C,however the apoptotic cells in group D were significantly reduced than group B and C.The expression of GFAP was mainly located in the retinal GCL and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in group A,throughout the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in group B and C,only distributed in RNFL and GCL in group D.It was obvious that the expression of GFAP in group B and C was higher than group A.Compared with group B and C,the expression of GFAP in group D was significantly reduced.The difference of GFAP expression among the 4 groups was significant (F=79.635,P＜0.05).Conclusion hUCMSC could inhibit the apoptosis of retinal cells and activation of glial cells in early DM rats.

Objective To observe the effect of Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll-4) on the pathological structure of retina in early diabetic rats (DM) and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth receptor-2 (VEGFR-2).Methods A total of 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group and DM group,with 10 and 60 rats in each group,respectively.The rats of DM group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to established DM model.The rats with blood glucose recovery and death were excluded,and the final 60 rats were included in the statistics.Rats in the normal group were injected with an equal volume of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer.Rats in the DM group were divided into DM 1 month (DM lm) group,DM 2 months (DM 2m) group,DM 3 months (DM 3m) group and DM 3m + Anti group,DM 3m + phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group by random number table method,and 10 rats in each group.In the DM 3m+Anti group,4 μl ofantiDll-4 polyclonal antibody was injected into the vitreous cavity,and the antibody concentration was 0.25 mg/ml.The DM 3m+PBS group was intravitreally injected with an equal volume of PBS.Five days after the injection,the rats were sacrificed.Rats in the DM 3m group and the normal group were not treated,and were sacrificed 3 months after the model was established.The structure and microvascular changes of the retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the total thickness of the retina was measured.The expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 in the retina was detected by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 in the retina of each group.The least significant difference t test was used to compare the two groups.Results Light microscopy showed that the retinal ganglion cells layer in the DM 3m group were obviously edematous,the inner and outer nuclear layers were thinner,the number of cells was reduced,the arrangement was disordered,the edema of outer plexiform layer was obvious,and the microvessels were abnormally dilated.In the DM 3m+Anti group,the edema of outer plexiform layer was lessened than that of the DM 3m group,and the other layers were not significantly different from the DM 3m group.Compared with the normal group,the total retinal thickness of the DM 3m group,the DM 3m+Anti group and the DM 3m+PBS group increased (t=5.596,3.290,4.286;P=0.000,0.008,0.002).Immunohistochemical staining showed that a small amount of Dl14 was positively expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the normal group;a small amount of VEGFR-2 was positively expressed in the ganglion cell layer and the inner and outer nuclear layers.The positive expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 in retinal vascular endothelial cells of DM 3m group increased significantly.The expression of Dll-4 was significantly decreased in the retinal layers and vascular endothelial cells ofDM 3m+Anti group,while the expression of VEGFR-2 was significantly increased.There was no significant difference between the positive expression of Dll4 and VEGFR-2 in the DM 3m+PBS group and the DM 3m group.The results of real-time PCR showed that the relative expression of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 mRNA in the DM 3m group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (t=6.705,20.871;P＜0.05).Compared with DM 3m group,the relative expression of Dll-4 mRNA in DM 3m+Anti group decreased,and the relative expression of VEGFR-2 mRNA increased (t=2.681,3.639;P＜0.05).The relative expressions of Dll-4 and VEGFR-2 mRNA in the DM 3m+PBS group and DM 3m group were not statistically significant (t=0.513,0.657;P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of Dll-4 in retinal vascular endothelial cells is gradually increased during the early retinopathy of DM rats.The expression of Dll-4 is inhibited,the expression of VEGFR-2 is up-regulated,and the plexus edema is alleviated.

In psychiatry, observation of the patients is often an important basis for making a diagnosis during clinical practice. However, changes in emotional facial expressions are often subtle and difficult to detect. For this reason, automated facial expression recognition can be used to assist in identifying mental disorders. Facial expression is one of the important ways of emotional expression, and strong similarities of basic human facial expression are not affected by cultural background or congenital blindness. With the development of computer science, facial expression recognition methods are also constantly improving. Among them, deep-learning-based facial expression recognition approaches, with their powerful information processing capabilities, highly reduce the dependence on face-physics-based models and other pre-processing techniques by using trainable feature extraction models to automatically learn representations from images and videos. This article focuses on the progress of facial expression recognition system in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia, depression, borderline personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder and other diseases. This article also explores the application of facial expression recognition technology in the field of psychiatry and remote psychology intervention.

Objective To introduce the application of 3D printing individualized plastic guide plate in the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fracture and to evaluate its application value.Methods From June 2016 to April 2017,the clinical data of eleven adult patients with pelvic and acetabular fracture was analyzed retrospectively.The pelvic CT scan was performed before operation to obtain the original data.Three-dimensional reconstruction performed by mimics 17.0 software with the data and the fracture reduction performed on the software.3D printing individualized plastic guide plate was designed and made to guide the pre-implantation plate bending and shaping.The pre implantation plate bending was completed according to the plastic guide.Postoperative Matta imaging score was used to evaluate fracture reduction,while the function of the hip joint was assessed by the Harris scores.Results All the operations were successfully completed.There were no adverse complications during or after the operation.Anatomical reduction was performed in 10 cases and functional reduction in 1 case.The excellent and good rate of Matta scores was 90.9%,excellent in 7 cases,good in 3 cases,fair in 1 case and no poor case.The excellent rate of Harris scores was 81.8%,excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases,fair in 2 cases and no poor case.Conclusion In the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fracture,the application of 3D printing individualized plastic guide plate may not only make mode simple and feasible and save time and materials,but also simplify the operation,reduce the difficulty of operation and hold satisfactory clinical effect.