Objective: To investigate the effect with its possible mechanisms of zacopride on vasodilatation of isolated coronary arterial rings in experimental rats.
Methods: The tension of vasodilatation of isolated coronary arterial rings of male SD rats was recorded by Powerlab and DMT system. The rats were divided into 4 groups: +Endo (vehicle) group, +Endo (zacopride) group and -Endo (vehicle) group, –Endo (zacopride) group.n=6 in each group. The vasodilatation effects of zacopride on KCl (60 mmol/L) and U46619 (10-6 mol/L) pre-constricted arterial ring were recorded; the effects of different agents on zacopride caused vasodilatation were studied.
Results: In both +Endo (zacopride) and –Endo (zacopride) groups, zacopride showed a dose dependent vasodilatation effect on coronary ring pre-constricted by KCl and U46619. The maximum vasodilatation effect of zacopride in KCl treated+Endo (zacopride) group was (90.15 ± 6.38) %, in U46619 treated-Endo (zacopride) group was (81.67 ± 4.97 ) %; the maximum vasodilatation effect of zacopride in KCl treated-Endo (zacopride) group was (85.48±5.04) %, in U46619 treated–Endo (zacopride) group was (79.65 ± 3.51) %, compared to each corresponding vehicle group, allP<0.05. The inhibitor of IK1 channel, BaCl2 could signiifcantly reduce the vasodilatation effect of zacopride in KCl and U46619 pre-constricted coronary ring,P<0.05. However, the inhibitor of eNOS (L-NAME), the blocker of KCa channel (TEA), blocker of Kv channel (4-AP) and blocker of KATP channel (Glib) had no such signiifcant effects, allP>0.05.
Conclusion: Zacopride had vasodilatation effect on coronary arterial ring which was pre-constricted by KCl and U46619, which might be related to the channel of IK1.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the variation content of polysaccharides in cultivated Dendrobium candidum and the relationship between germplasms, harvesting and polysaccharides content for the breeding of quality of D. candidium.

METHODThe morphological characteristics were recorded when 33 samples were collected. The content of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-sulphuric acid method.

RESULTThe average content of polysaccharides in 2-year-old samples was 34.47% (25.63%-41.65%). The polysaccharides content of samples were significantly different among germplasms and physiological ages.

CONCLUSIONThe polysaccharides content of cultivated D. candidum is higher than that of wild materials. Germplasms and physiological age impact on the polysaccharides content significantly. D. candidum breeding and the control of harvesting can increase polysaccharides content.

Breeding ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

Objective To observe the effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in regulating endothelial cell phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) expression on lower ex-tremity vascular lesion and its possible mechanism.Methods Twenty-four 2-month-old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the three groups:control group (group A),diabetes angiopathy group (group B),diabetes angiopathy+ESWT group (group C).The group B and C were fed with high fat and high sugar and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin 60 mg/kg to establish the rat model of diabetes vascular lesion. The group C received ESWT at 1 week (T1),2 weeks (T2),3 weeks (T3) and 4 weeks (T4) after modeling,and the blood stream velocity of rat femoral artery vascular lesion area and vascular internal diameter were measured at T4 by ultrasound.At the end of ESWT,the rats were immediately killed for taking their femoral arteries and gastrocnemius.The structures of the femoral arteries in each group were observed under electron microscopy.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of PTEN,PI3K and Akt proteins,while qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of PTEN mRNA.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of CD31 in gastrocnemius muscle .Results The peak systolic flow velocity and end-dias-tolic flow velocity of femoral artery at T4 in group B and C were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05),but group C was higher than group B (P<0.05).The internal diameter of femoral artery had no statistical difference among 3 groups (P>0.05).The PTEN expression level in group B and group C was sig-nificantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05),while group C was higher than group B (P<0.05).The ex-pression levels of PI3K and Akt in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.05),and group C was lower than group B (P<0.05).The PTEN mRNA expression level in group B and group C was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05),but group C was higher than group B (P<0.05).Under electron mi-croscopy,it was observed that after ESWT,the endothelial cell damage in group C was obvious when com-pared with group B.The CD31 expression level in group B and group C was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05),but group C was higher than group B (P<0.05).Conclusion ESWT could improve the vascular function,increase the peak velocity during systolic period of femoral artery in diabetes rats and im-prove the microvessel density of gastrocnemius muscle by up-regulating PTEN in lower extremity artery and down-regulating PI3K and Akt in diabetes rats.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave on the phosphoproteomics of the spinal cord in rats with diabetic neuralgia.Methods:Thirty-six healthy male SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 months, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C), diabetic neuralgia group (group D), and extracorporeal shock wave + diabetic neuralgia group (group E). The rats were continuously fed a common diet in group C, while the rats were fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet for 8 weeks in D and E groups. Streptozotocin 35 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected, and the successful induction of diabetic neuralgia was defined as the blood glucose >14.6 mmol/L and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) ≤85% of baseline values. Group E received extracorporeal shock wave treatment after developing the model, with 1, 000 shocks per session at a frequency of 10 Hz and an energy of 1.0 bar, once per week for a total of 4 sessions. The MWT and TWL were measured before developing the model (T 0) and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after developing the model (T 1-T 4). After the last extracorporeal shock wave treatment, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed, and lumbar spinal cord tissues were obtained for proteomic analysis and for detection of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (by immunohistochemistry). Results:Compared with group C, the MWT and TWL were significantly decreased at T 1-T 4 in D and E groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group D, the MWT and TWL were significantly increased at T 1-T 4 in group E ( P<0.05). The results of phosphoproteomics screening revealed 284 differentially phosphorylated proteins in D and C groups, 282 in E and C groups, and 303 in E and D groups ( P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of GFAP, IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in group D compared with group C ( P<0.05); the expression of GFAP, IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly down-regulated in group E compared with group D ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which extracorporeal shock wave alleviates diabetic neuralgia is related to inhibition of astrocyte activation and excessive phosphorylation of mGluR5 in rats.

OBJECTIVETo find out the variation of 11 mental element contents in Dendrobium officinale with different germplasms and harvesting ages, the results can provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation and the breeding of D. officinale.

METHOD32 samples with 1-3 ages were collected from cultivated fields of Zhejiang and 11 samples were collected from markets. The 11 mental element contents of samples were determined by ICP-MS or AAS.

RESULTThe average contents of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cr, and Cu were 1,205.23, 766.82, 158.25, 31.06, 4.28, 8.28, and 0.97 mg x kg(-1), the contents of As, Hg, Pb, and Cd were all in limits except Cd content of one sample exceeded the standard limit 0.07 mg x kg(-1); germplasms and physiological ages impacted mental elements contents accumulation significantly.

CONCLUSIONThere were rich essential mental elements in D. officinale. D. officinale from Zhejiang province and medical materials from market were all safe; the breeding of D. officinale can increase the contents of essential mental elements and reduce contents of heavy mental elements; the effect of physiological age on metal elements contents was related to each element's physiological and biochemical function.

Dendrobium ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Metals ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the total alkaloid content and find out the variation of total alkaloids content in Dendrobium officinale with different germplasms and harvesting ages with the aim of providing scientific basis for the authenticity identification and the breeding of D. officinale.

METHODForty one samples with 1-3 ages were collected from cultivated fields of Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces and 11 samples were collected from markets. The total alkaloid contents of samples were determined using acid-dye colorimetry method.

RESULTThe determined total alkaloid contents in D. officinale ranged 0.0190%-0.0430%. The averages of total alkaloid contents were 0.0253%, 0.0270% and 0.0326% in 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old samples of Zhejiang province, respectively. The average of total alkaloid content was 0.034 3% in 1-year-old samples of Yunnan province.

CONCLUSIONThe total alkaloid content of D. officinale with different germplasms and physiological ages existed significant discrepancy, and it increased with the growth of ages. The total alkaloid content of cultivated D. officinale in Yunnan province was higher than that in samples from Zhejiang province. But the authentic D. officinale had certain range of total alkaloid content. Samples whose total alkaloids content divagates from this range must be counterfeit; Samples whose total alkaloid content is in this range still need to combines with other active chemical groups like polysaccharides content to identify the authenticity and quality of medicinal materials.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; metabolism ; China ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; metabolism