No abstract available.
Botulism*

No abstract available.
Botulism*

The food borne toxi-infection was secondary to infected food, especially due to microbial. This paper introduced the pathological mechanism, clinical manifestation of the diarrhea, classification of the food borne toxi-infection originated from bacteria and digestive clinical manifestations of the food born toxi-infections diseases.
Botulism ; Food

The geographical distribution of C. botulinum type E and its associated disease, type E botulism in China, is different from that in other areas of the world. Cases of type E botulism generally arise in costal regions. In China, however, type E botulism is found primarily in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of northwest China far from the ocean, at an altitude of approximately 4-5 km. The foods most commonly associated with the disease are fermented grain and beans as well as raw meat. A suspected outbreak of type E botulism poisoning in the central costal region of China in the 1990s prompted the collection and analysis of samples of mud, sand, and fish from the region. The toxin produced by type E botulinum was found in these samples. Surprisingly, though, upon further analysis, the strain isolated from the samples was identified not as type E C. botulinum, but as the neurotoxigenic bacterium Clostridium butyricum.
Botulism ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animal Experimentation* ; Animals* ; Botulism* ; Humans

Botulism ; therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Respiration, Artificial

Purpose: To report on a case of dysphagia secondary to botulinum toxin ingestion. Method: Case report Result: A 30-year-old female with no comorbidities, presented with dysphagia associated with ptosis and diplopia 12 hours after ingestion of double dead pork. Probable diagnoses of a neurologic, esophageal problem or a neoplasm were initially considered. Ancillary procedures to support diagnoses were performed including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, cranial CT scan and Facial and Extremity Nerve Conduction Velocity which all revealed unremarkable results. A possible polyneuropathy specifically foodborne toxicity was considered given a history of dysphagia, ptosis and diplopia with consumption of double dead pork. Confirmatory stool culture studies revealed Clostridium botulinum, hence appropriate antibiotics and supportive therapy were provided which led to the patient's recovery. Conclusion Early diagnosis and a high index of suspicion is important in cases with unfamiliar presentations, therefore a careful history and physical examination is warranted. Foodborne botulinum toxicity is a public health matter that should be addressed. Proper food handling and storage must always be practiced.
Public Health ; Deglutition Disorders ; Deglutition Disorders ; Botulism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of three cases with infant botulism.

METHODClinical data of three clinically diagnosed cases with infant botulism in May 2015 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Literature search at databases of PubMed, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP with the key words"infant AND botulism". The date of literature retrieval was from the database founding to November 2015. The characteristics of infant botulism were summarized through review of literature.

RESULTThree patients were infants of 4-8 months of age, and all had acute onsets of anorexia and poor response. All of them had normal psychomotor development previously, and without clear history of exposure to poisons. The main findings on physical examination were reduced muscle strength and hypotonia, dullness or disappeared pupillary light reflex, reduced facial expression, weak crying and dysphagia. Unexpectedly their states of consciousness were relatively normal. Finally, through identification and PCR genotyping of bacteria in stool, 2 cases were confirmed as Clostridium (C.) botulinum type B infection. Totally 446 reports were retrieved from foreign language literature and 52 reports from Chinese literature. More than 3,000 cases of infant botulism cases were reported in the world. Rare cases were reported in China and only 1 case was reported in 2000.

CONCLUSIONMost cases of infant botulism had no clear exposure history. The main clinical manifestations are hypotonia, cranial nerve paralysis, flaccid paralysis, but different patients may have different presentations. Detection of C. Botulinum and its toxin in stool can help to confirm the diagnosis. Infant botulism is relatively rare in China, which may be related to the insufficient understanding and inspection level of the disease. It might be underestimated in China.

A Meige's syndrome is a rare neurological syndrome characterized by blepharospam and oromandibular dystonia. Its pathophysiology is not clearly determined yet, but the hypothesis of dopaminergic and cholinergic hyperactivity is most widely accepted. Anticholinergic drugs, antidopaminergic drugs and botulism toxin injection are currently used for the treatment of Meige's syndrome. The Meige's syndrome could be misdiagnosed as a psychaitric disorder such as conversion disorder or anxiety disorder, because clinical features of the Meige's syndrome are very variable and affected by psychological factors. The authors experienced one case of a 49-year-old female patient who was initally misdiagnosed as conversion disorder but confirmed later as Meige's syndrome, and then successfully treated.
Anxiety Disorders ; Botulism ; Conversion Disorder* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Dystonia ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Psychology

Several clinical variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS) merit separate description because they simulate other diseases and because they may illuminate the pathophysioloy of the typical illness. Some limited regional forrns of the GBS and unusual focal signs or symptoms that resemble other illnesses are described. A number of patients will have prominent pharyngeal, facial, and neck-flexion weakness at the onset of GBS, which descends to involve the arms, and soon after. The legs. The unusual of distribution of weakness, presenation of leg reflexes, and unusual absence of paresthesias directs diagnostic attention toward myasthenia, botulism, or diphtheria. In a few such patients the illness halts when it has caused severe oropharyngeal. Neck. Shoulder, and proximal arm wealiness. Completely sparing power and reflexes in the legs. We report two cases of unusual clinical variant of GBS, so called pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variants who had bilateral ptosis. Marked oropharyngeal, neck, and shoulder weakness, and with areflexia in the arrns only. And normal sensation. Botulism or diphtheria and, less so, myasthenia, were initially considered diagnoses. The illness progressed to generalized typical GBS with respiratory failure in one patient. In the other patient. The illness halted without affecting power or reflexes in the legs, and electrophysiologic abnormalities were isolated to the face and the arms.
Arm ; Botulism ; Diagnosis ; Diphtheria ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Leg ; Neck ; Paresthesia ; Reflex ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sensation ; Shoulder