No abstract available.
Botulinum Toxins/*administration & dosage ; Dilatation/*methods ; Esophageal Achalasia/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuromuscular Agents/*administration & dosage

Hyperhidrosis is an eccrine sweat gland disease that results from sympathetic hyperactivity, usually occurring on the axilla, palm, sole, or groin. It causes not only cosmetic problems, but also social stress in affected patients. Until now, several modalities have been used to treat focal hyperhidrosis, with variable clinical outcomes and complications, including skin irritation, neurological problems, and nonesthetic scar formation. Botulinum toxin type A has been used widely and successfully in the treatment of hyperhidrosis since 1981. Botulinum toxin type B has recently been introduced for off-label use after being approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2000 for the treatment of cervical dystonia. However, there has been no report of Botulinum toxin type B treatment for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis in the Koreandermatologic literature. Herein, we report the first case of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis successfully treated with Botulinum Toxin B in Korea, along with a review of the literature.
Axilla ; Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Cicatrix ; Cosmetics ; Groin ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis ; Korea ; Off-Label Use ; Skin ; Sweat Gland Diseases ; Torticollis ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been reported as an effective treatment for chronic migraine. When BoNT-A is injected on the frontalis muscle for chronic migraine, an unexpected clinical side effect called the "Mephisto sign" may occur. The aim of this article is to propose a method to eliminate or prevent the Mephisto sign side effect. A 25-year-old female patient visited the hospital and was diagnosed with chronic migraine. A total of 155 U of BoNT-A was injected into 31 sites. 2-weeks later, and the patient developed the Mephisto sign. An additional 2-U dose was administered bilaterally to the lateral-most point of the frontalis muscles, and the eyebrow morphology returned to normal within 2-3 weeks. We propose that the development of the Mephisto sign may be prevented with an additional BoNT-A injection of 2-4 U bilaterally to the lateral most point of the frontalis muscles during the primary injection process.
Adult ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Migraine Disorders/*drug therapy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resiniferatoxin (RTX) and botulinum toxin (BTX) on the bladder detrusor function in a cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (1: saline treated, 2: CYP and BTX treated, 3: CYP and RTX treated, 4 and 5: CYP treated and sham operated as the counterpart of groups 2 and 3, respectively, with normal saline). 100mg/kg CYP was injected every third day for five weeks. Cystometrograms were performed after the BTX and RTX treatments. RESULTS: 1. The normal control group and the CYP-treated only group. In the CYP-treated group, the time of micturition frequency, the maximal detrusor pressure on the cystometergram (Pvesmax at CMG), the maximal detrusor pressure on the pressure-flow study (Pvesmax at pr/flow) and the episodes of irregular contractions were increased. 2. The CYP-only group and the CYP/BTX or CYP/RTXtreated groups. In the CYP/BTX or CYP/RTX treated groups, the time of micturition frequency, the Pvesmax at CMG, the Pvesmax at pr/flow and the episode of irregular contractions were decreased. 3. The CYP/BTXtreated group and the CYP/ RTXtreated group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding micturition frequency, the PvesMax at CMG and the PvesMax at pr/flow, the Dhfo and the episodes of involuntary contractions (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical administration of BTX or RTX blocked the CYP-induced detrusor overactivity as was shown by the restoration of the micturition frequency, the intravesical pressure and the involuntary contraction episodes to a control level. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the urodynamic parameters.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Cystitis ; Models, Animal ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urination ; Urodynamics

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom-driven condition characterized by urinary urgency with or without urinary incontinence and a common problem that can significantly affect quality of life. Drugs that prevent acetylcholine-mediated involuntary detrusor contractions are the mainstay of OAB treatment, but several alternative therapeutic options have become established treatments for OAB. Mirabegron (a β3-adrenoceptor agonist) has a different mechanism of action from antimuscarinic agents. Recently published randomized controlled trials have shown that mirabegron is an effective and safe drug for the symptomatic treatment of OAB patients. Mirabegron represents a valid option both for patients with OAB who are antimuscarinics treatment-naïve, as well as for those who are unresponsive or intolerant to antimuscarinics. Intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A is an effective treatment for OAB that is refractory to antimuscarinics. Treatment with botulinum toxin A showed clinically relevant improvement in all OAB symptoms and health-related quality of life. It was generally well tolerated by most patients, and most treatment-related complications were acceptable. However, increased risk of a larger volume of post-void residual urine was noted in several patients and the possibility of chronic catheterization requires careful evaluation before treatment. In sum, recent options for management of OAB, mirabegron and intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A, expand the treatment options for the optimal treatment of each patient.
Administration, Intravesical ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urinary Incontinence

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injection into the masseter muscle on mandibular development in rats.

METHODS12 28-day-old Wistar rats were divided into two groups as Botox group (n= 6) and control group (n = 6) which received anesthesia only. In Botox group, Botox was injected into the right masseter muscle, while only sterile saline into the left muscle. When the rats were 75-day-old, CT scan and 3D reconstruction were performed for cephalometry. The masseter muscles at both sides were weighed. Histologic study of masseter muscle and mandible was also performed.

RESULTSThe weight of right masseter muscle was (0.4575 +/- 0.0940) g in Botox group, and (0.8899 +/- 0.1030) g in control group (< 0.05). The mandibular height II and III was (10.8 +/- 0.8) mm and (9.5 +/- 0.6) mm in Botox group and (12.5 +/- 0.6) mm and (10.7 +/- 0.4) mm in control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The intergonial distance was (11.6 +/- 0.6) mm and (12.4 +/- 0. 6) mm in Botox and control group, respectively (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSWhen the rats receive Botox injection into the masseter muscle at young age, the grown-up rats have a decreased mandibular height, but the mandibular length and intergonial distance are not affected.

Animals ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Mandible ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Masseter Muscle ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and short- term effect of injecting botulinum toxin A through anorectum to treat Hirschsprung disease.

METHODSEight cases with Hirschsprung disease were proven pathologically or diagnosed by barium enema. At the clock point of 3,6,9 under supine posture,a total dose of 1.5 U/ kg of botulinum toxin A was injected into the internal anal sphincter and the submucosa of rectum. The pressure of anus- rectum was measured before operation and 1 month,1 year after operation,respectively. Barium enema examination was carried out within 3-6 months after operation,then once a year during followed- up.

RESULTSAll of the patients recovered well without operative or postoperative complications. In the first year,all patients could defecate spontaneously without constipation and abdominal distention. Three cases had constipation again and slight abdominal distention 1 year after operation,but the symptoms were relieved after anus dilatation. The resting pressure of anus- rectum was lower 1 month after operation than that before operation (P< 0.01) in 8 cases,and still lower 1 year after operation (P< 0.05)in 6 cases. Barium enema examination within 3-6 months after operation revealed that the dilated colon shrank.

CONCLUSIONBotulinum toxin A injection is a new,feasible and safe method for Hirschsprung disease,but the long- term efficacy needs to be further studied.

Administration, Rectal ; Botulinum Toxins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Botulinum toxins (BTX) have revolutionised the management of focal post-stroke spastic hypertonia. Published literature has supported the efficacy and safety of BTX in reducing spastic hypertonia but has not convincingly demonstrated the ability to enhance function. While clinicians and stroke survivors have reported impressive clinical outcomes, randomised, controlled trials (RCTs), have demonstrated only significant improvement in muscle tone but not functional changes. This paper will review the evidence supporting the efficacy of BTX for spastic hypertonia and discuss current clinical practice.
Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Muscle Hypertonia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Neuromuscular Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Recovery of Function ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; drug therapy

Adolescent ; Botulinum Toxins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Cerebral Palsy ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Spasticity ; drug therapy ; Neuromuscular Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use