For decades,there have been no systematic studies on the reference intervals of Chinese populations.With the support of the Ministry of Health,the Chinese Society of Laboratory Medicine launches a research project investigating the Chinese reference intervals for common clinical laboratory tests.Up to now,the first batch of reference intervals for common liver function,electrolytes and blood cell analysis have been published in forms of healthy professional standards.Medical institutions are suggested to use these new reference intervals in clinical practice.

Objective: To understand the characteristics and causes of pesticide poisoning in Xuzhou city, and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods: The cases of pesticide poisoning in Xuzhou City from 2005 to 2017 were collected from "Pesticide Poisoning Report Card" . The data were analyzed and assessed by EpiData. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: During the thirteen years, there were a total of 8092 cases of pesticide poisoning, among which, the number of occupational pesticide poisoning was 1 408, accounting for 17.4% of the total number of cases, 14 patients died, the case fatality rate was 0.1%. There were 2, 992 cases of male poisoning, accounting for 36.97% of the total number of cases, and 5, 100 cases of female poisoning, accounting for 63.03%. There were 6684 non-productive pesticide poisonings, accounting for 82.6% of the total number of cases; 387 deaths occurred, and the mortality rate was 5.8%. Among non-productive poisonings, the incidence of oral pesticide poisoning was 84.3%, and the incidence of accidental poisoning by pesticides was 15.7%. Organophosphorus pesticides poisoning cases accounted for the majority of oral pesticide poisoning cases. The overall incidence of pesticide poisoning showed a downward trend. The age of non-productive pesticide poisoning cases was mainly 15-44 years old, and the number of cases of poisoning were 4 029 cases (60.28%) . With the increase of age, the mortality rate of poisoning cases was higher, especially for those over 60 years old who died of oral pesticide poisoning (40.1%) . The peak of pesticide poisoning began to increase in the second quarter and reached its peak in the third quarter. Conclusion Although the cases of pesticide poisoning reported in Xuzhou City have been declining in recent years, the situation is still severe. The proportion of oral pesticide suicide accounts for a large proportion, and the mortality rate of elderly and female is relatively high, and the government should pay more attention. Workers should conduct safety education and psychological counseling to improve the knowledge and consciousness of safe use of pesticides.

The plateau is a special environment with low pressure,low oxygen,low temperature,and high ultraviolet radiation.The exercise performance of people on the plateau is generally reduced,which seriously affects the life and health of people living in the plateau and entering the plateau.In recent years,the prevention and treatment of injury caused by high altitude hypoxia has attracted wide attention.It has shown that the higher the altitude with the longer the duration of exercise,the faster the stationing,the greater the impact on people's sports performance.Rapid entry into the plateau and long-term stay in the plateau have an impact on people's explosive power,endurance and fine operation.Advances in medical technology enable various prevention methods to be used to acclimate to high altitude environments.However,in vitro intervention methods are costly,easy to rebound and possess limited effects.Therefore,drug prevention and treatment is obviously a more economical choice.Chemical drugs increase the efficiency of high altitude exercise by improving the ischemic and hypoxic symptoms of the heart and brain,increasing lung ventilation and arterial oxygenation capacity,and accelerating the elimination of adverse product accumulation after exercise.Single Chinese medicine,Chinese patent medicine,and compound preparations can improve exercise performance by promoting body metabolism,improving muscle endurance,enhancing immunity,and other mechanisms.Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantage and application prospect in improving plateau sports performance damage.

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of synchronous double primary malignant tumours of the tongue and lung. Methods: A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma（ACC） and lung adenocarcinoma with double primary malignancy was retrospectively analyzed. Results: The tumor of patient′s tongue base gradually grew. MRI showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes on both sides of neck. CT of the chest showed obvious lesions in the anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe. The pathological biopsy of the tongue mass identified ACC, and pathological biopsy of the lung mass identified lung adenocarcinoma. The tongue and lung tumors were both surgically resected, and the tongue defect was repaired at the same time. No residue was found after surgery, and no recurrence was found during the follow-up period. The aesthetic and functional restoration of the lingual region was good. Conclusion There are few cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma with double primary malignancies, and the related diagnosis and treatment are very difficult; the simultaneous removal of double primary malignant tumors may achieve good prognosis.

Background N-hexane has been a widely used solvent in industrial production, but it is volatile at room temperature and can be accumulated in the body, and its prolonged occupational exposure may lead to serious chronic diseases in workers. Objective To use four risk assessment models to evaluate the health risk levels of n-hexane-exposed workers, discuss the applicability of the four models in the health risk assessment of n-hexane exposure, and make an important supplement to the health risk assessment of n-hexane in China. Methods In 2022, a total of 167 jobs (1724 workers) exposed to n-hexane in 85 manufacturing enterprises in Jiangsu Province were selected, and a cross-sectional study was conducted and included questionnaire surveys and evaluation of on-site air n-hexane of each job. Subsequently, the China’s classification standards of occupational hazards at workplaces (China model), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) model, Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model (Singapore model), and the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) model were applied to the quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative assessments of the occupational health risk level of n-hexane-exposed workers. Results All job’s 8-h time-weighted average concentrations (C_TWA) of n-hexane were within the national occupational exposure limits (OELs). The results of the China model graded all jobs as relatively harmless. The Singapore model graded all jobs as low risk, except that two monitoring sites of adhesive jobs were assessed as medium risk. The ICMM quantitative model evaluated all jobs as intolerable for n-hexane airborne exposure, while the matrix method evaluated all jobs as low risk. The U.S. EPA model identified five sites involving painting, printing, and adhesive jobs as high risk and the other jobs as low risk. Conclusion Inconsistent grading results are observed by using the four models for the occupational health risk assessment of n-hexane exposure, that is, harmless for all jobs by China model, while medium and high risks by Singapore model and U.S. EPA model. Therefore, we recommend to combine the Singapore model and the U.S. EPA model with the China model to assess the occupational risk of n-hexane-exposed workers by considering actual concentrations of exposure.