1.Clinical Efficacy of Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Primary or Secondary Insomnia.
Youn Mi SHIN ; Boseok CHA ; Chae Mi LIM ; Hong Beom SHIN
Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology 2010;17(1):34-40
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for Patients with Primary or Secondary Insomnia. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a primary care sleep clinic from January 2008 to June 2009. The study sample included 64 outpatients with primary insomnia (n=30) and secondary insomnia (n=34) according to the criteria of DSM-IV. Participants completed sleep diaries, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-16 (DBAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before CBT and shortly after completion of CBT. CBT was provided in 7 weekly, 40-50-minute individual therapy sessions. RESULTS: Both groups of patients with primary and secondary insomnia showed significant improvement in the DBAS and sleep parameters including sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency. Repeated-measures ANOVA of the DBAS and sleep parameters showed no significant group-by-time interactions between patients with primary and secondary insomnia, suggesting the efficacy of CBT for patients with secondary insomnia was equivalent to that of CBT for patients with primary insomnia. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that CBT is effective for the management of primary and secondary insomnia in a primary care setting.
Anxiety
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Cognitive Therapy
;
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
;
Humans
;
Outpatients
;
Primary Health Care
;
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
2.Resilience and Characteristics of Sleep and Defense among Shift Work Nurses.
So Jin LEE ; Chul Soo PARK ; Bong Jo KIM ; Cheol Soon LEE ; Boseok CHA ; Dongyun LEE ; Ji Yeong SEO
Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology 2014;21(2):74-79
OBJECTIVES: Shift work is a stressful situation. It is important to know the factors associated with the ability to adapt to a shift work schedule. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between sleep, as well as personality variables, and the resilience of shift work nurses. METHOD: Self-report questionnaires were administered to 95 nurses who worked in one national university hospital. Connor-Davidson resilience scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, morningness-eveningness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, other sleep-related questionnaires, and Korean defense style questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Age, shift work duration, off-day oversleep, depression, anxiety, adaptive defense style, and self-suppressive defense style were significantly associated with resilience (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that age (beta = 0.34, p < 0.05), depression (beta = -0.25, p < 0.05), adaptive defense style (beta = 0.45, p < 0.001), and self-suppressive defense style (beta = -0.19, p < 0.05) significantly predicted the resilience of shift work nurses. Concerning individual defense mechanisms, resignation (beta = -0.20, p < 0.05), sublimation (beta = 0.19, p < 0.05), omnipotence (beta = 0.19, p < 0.05), and humor (beta = 0.20, p < 0.05) significantly predicted the resiliency. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that a specific defense style and other mechanisms were associated with the resilience of shift work nurses. A future prospective study with more participants could further clarify the relationship between sleep-related variables, as well as personality factors, and resilience of shift work nurses.
Anxiety
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Appointments and Schedules
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Defense Mechanisms
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Depression
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
;
Sublimation
3.Sleep and Resilience.
So Jin LEE ; Chul Soo PARK ; Bong Jo KIM ; Cheol Soon LEE ; Boseok CHA ; Dongyun LEE
Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology 2015;22(2):53-56
Good sleepers tend to more resilient than poor sleepers. As sleep and resilience may have a bidirectional relationship, it is important to explore the relationship between healthy sleep and resilience. Objectively and subjectively measured sleep quality showed positive association with resiliency. In one study, more resilient adolescents had higher sleep efficiency, less light sleep, more slow-wave sleep, and a smaller number of awakenings after sleep onset. Circadian typology, jetlag and circadian misalignment may be associated with the capacity to deal with adversity. Eveningness, exposure to chronic jetlag and circadian misalignment might be risk factors for development of psychological problems and mental disorders. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether promoting healthy sleep behaviors results in increased resilience.
Adolescent
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Circadian Rhythm
;
Humans
;
Jet Lag Syndrome
;
Mental Disorders
;
Mental Health
;
Risk Factors
4.Effectiveness of Lamotrigine Adjunctive Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: A 52-Week Prospective Naturalistic Study.
Eunsoo MOON ; Jae Seung CHANG ; Boseok CHA ; Je Yeon YUN ; Tae Hyon HA ; Kyooseob HA
Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology 2009;20(6):307-315
OBJECTIVE: The pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this prospective naturalistic study was to explore the effectiveness of lamotrigine adjunctive treatment in patients with BP-NOS. METHODS: Data from 50 patients diagnosed with BP-NOS were analyzed. On the basis of the prospective mood chart methodology, the efficacy of lamotrigine adjunctive treatment was assessed by changes in the mean Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) depression scores. A paired t-test was used to test the statistical significance of the changes in CGI-BP depression scores. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) with simple effect analysis was performed to explore the sequential changes during a 52-week period. Cohen's d was calculated to measure the magnitude of the treatment effects on the changes in depression severity. Time to lamotrigine discontinuation was also calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimates. Lamotrigine-associated adverse events were monitored every two weeks. RESULTS: A significant decrease, with a large effect size (Cohen's d=1.6), in the mean CGI-BP depression scores was associated with lamotrigine adjunctive treatment in intent-to-treat analysis (t=8.7, df=49, p<0.001). Twenty-four patients (48.0%) completed 52-week lamotrigine adjunctive treatment. Analysis of the data obtained from those completing the treatment revealed a large effect (Cohen's d=4.0) on improvement in the severity of depression (t=16.8, df=32, p<0.001). Sixty percent of patients achieved remission (n=30), and 64% of patients (n=32) showed some clinical response to lamotrigine adjunctive treatment. The mean time to lamotrigine discontinuation was 31.3+/-3.1 weeks (CI=25.2-37.4). Lamotrigine adjunctive treatment was well tolerated, with no serious rashes reported. CONCLUSION: Lamotrigine seems to be effective in the management of depressive symptoms in BP-NOS. Long-term use of lamotrigine was generally safe and well tolerated. Large-scale controlled trials might be needed to confirm the findings of this naturalistic study.
Bipolar Disorder
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Depression
;
Exanthema
;
Humans
;
Prospective Studies
;
Triazines
5.The Relationships Among Highly Caffeinated Beverage Intake and Depressive Symptom, Suicide in Adolescents.
In Young AHN ; Ji Yeong SEO ; Dongyun LEE ; So Jin LEE ; Boseok CHA ; Bong Jo KIM ; Chul Soo PARK ; Jae Won CHOI ; Cheol Soon LEE
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 2016;24(2):191-199
OBJECTIVES: Despite the increased popularity of highly caffeinated beverages, there is little research examining psychiatric adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among pattern of highly caffeinated beverage intake and depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt in Korean adolescents. METHODS: The data was obtained from the 2014 Korean Youth's Risk Behavior Web-based Study by Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. All participants conducted web-based questionnaire survey. Chisquare test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association among highly caffeinated beverage intake pattern, depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt adjusting for differences in age, gender, academic achievement, socioeconomic status. RESULTS: A total of 71,638 participants were enrolled in this study. Depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were significantly more frequent in the group with presence of highly caffeinated beverage intake within 1 week than in non-drinker group(p<0.01). Highly caffeinated beverage intake was significantly associated with suicidal attempt(OR=1.99 ; 95% CI, 1.77–2.22). In addition, depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were significantly more common in the group with heavydrinker who exceed recommended daily intake dose of caffeine than in the group with light-drinker(p<0.01). Heavy drinking of caffeinated beverage was significantly associated with suicidal attempt(OR=4.05 ; 95% CI, 3.02–5.43). CONCLUSIONS: We found that highly caffeinated beverage intake was related to more frequent depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, plan, attempt in adolescents. Also, caffeine intake which exceed recommended daily intake dose identified the predictor of suicidal attempt. Our result suggested that clinicians need to be aware of the possible psychiatric adverse effects of highly caffeinated beverage in vulnerable population including young adolescents.
Adolescent*
;
Beverages*
;
Caffeine
;
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
;
Depression*
;
Drinking
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Recommended Dietary Allowances
;
Risk-Taking
;
Social Class
;
Suicidal Ideation
;
Suicide*
;
Vulnerable Populations
6.Association between Quality of Life and Eveningness as well as Sleep Quality among Medical Students.
Hong Kyeung CHANG ; So Jin LEE ; Chul Soo PARK ; Bong Jo KIM ; Cheol Soon LEE ; Boseok CHA ; Dongyun LEE ; Ji Yeong SEO
Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology 2015;22(2):64-69
OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether sleep behaviors, severity of insomnia and circadian typology are associated with quality of life among Gyeongsang National University (GNU) medical students. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 46 fourth-year students of GNU Medical School. The hospital anxiety-depression scale, insomnia severity index (ISI), morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. RESULTS: Quality of life in terms of physical health was associated with age, weekday total sleep time (TST), weekend TST, catch up sleep, depression, ISI score, and MEQ score. Quality of life in terms of psychological health was correlated to weekday and weekend TST, anxiety, ISI score and MEQ score. Sex, weekday TST, depression, and ISI score were revealed to influence the social aspect of quality of life, and weekday and weekend TST, and ISI score were associated with quality of life in terms of environment. Multiple regression analysis showed that better sleep quality predicted to a higher quality of life in terms of physical, psychological and environmental health, and eveningness was associated with a better quality of life in terms of physical and psychological health. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that physical, psychological, and environmental aspects of quality of life were associated with quality of sleep and that physical and psychological aspects of quality of life were related to eveningness in GNU medical students. Therefore, it is equally important to treat emotional problem as well as improve sleep quality.
Anxiety
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Circadian Rhythm
;
Depression
;
Environmental Health
;
Humans
;
Quality of Life*
;
Schools, Medical
;
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
;
Students, Medical*
7.The Effect of Social Support for Metabolic Syndrome on Elderly in a City in Korea.
Hye Young YU ; Chul Soo PARK ; Bong Jo KIM ; Cheol Soon LEE ; Boseok CHA ; So Jin LEE ; Ji Yeong SEO ; In Young AHN ; Jae Won CHOI ; Dongyun LEE
Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry 2017;21(2):75-80
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of social support on metabolic syndrome (MetS) among elderly population in a city in Korea. METHODS: A total of 352 people all over 60 years of age were analyzed from the data of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. This study was started in 2010 and is in progress till date. We compared the documented diagnoses of MetS and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey at the baseline of the study and two years later. RESULTS: 315 were normal, 37 were developed after two years among subjects without MetS at baseline. When the level of social support was compared at baseline and then at the time of the reassessment two years later, the level had increased in the normal group and the level had not significantly changed for the MetS group. The findings documented at the two year mark indicate that the higher and stronger the level of social support, the lower the risk of developing MetS (odds ratio=0.053, p=0.040). CONCLUSION: The elderly with good social support are noted to be at lower risk in developing MetS as opposed to those with poor social support. It is apparent that adequate social support shows reduced prevalence of MetS among the elderly. Methods to identify strategies in improving social support networks are needed to expand public health resources and to better accommodate the community-based care of the elderly.
Aged*
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Cognitive Aging
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Dementia
;
Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Korea*
;
Longitudinal Studies
;
Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
;
Prevalence
;
Public Health
8.Emotional Characteristics of Adolescents in Monocultural and Multicultural Families in Korea.
In Young AHN ; Jiyeong SEO ; Dongyun LEE ; So Jin LEE ; Boseok CHA ; Cheol Soon LEE ; Bong Jo KIM ; Chul Soo PARK ; Jae Won CHOI
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2016;27(4):306-312
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the smoking behaviors in adolescents from monocultural and multicultural families and to evaluate the associations between their smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts. METHODS: The data used in this study was collected from The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between the adolescents in the multicultural and monocultural families were analyzed through the χ2-test, and a logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts of the adolescents in multicultural families. The process involved an analysis using a complex sample design. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the weighted rates of the current smoking behavior (13.3% vs. 8.4%, p<0.001), experience of violence (6.8% vs. 2.3%, p<0.001), and number of suicide attempts (5.4% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001) between the adolescents from the multicultural and monocultural families. In both groups, the current smoking behavior was associated with the number of suicide attempts (multicultural families OR=6.5, p=0.005; monocultural families OR=1.5, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the percentage of current smokers in the adolescents from multicultural families was higher than that in the monocultural families and that current smoking behavior is related to the number of suicide attempts in both groups, after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, current smoking behavior, depressive mood and experience of violence.
Adolescent*
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Humans
;
Korea*
;
Logistic Models
;
Risk-Taking
;
Smoke
;
Smoking
;
Social Class
;
Suicide
;
Violence
9.The Association between Suicidal Ideation, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality Among College Students in a City.
Shin Hyeong KIM ; Chul Soo PARK ; Bong Jo KIM ; Cheol Soon LEE ; Boseok CHA ; Dongyun LEE ; Ji Yeong SEO ; Jae Won CHOI ; In Young AHN ; So Jin LEE
Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology 2017;24(1):55-61
OBJECTIVES: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young adults. We investigated whether anxiety level and sleep quality were related to suicide ideation among university students. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 1094 students at a local college. The scale for suicide Ideation, the Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Morningness-eveningness questionnaires were used. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between these variables and suicide ideation. RESULTS: Among the 292 students who answered the suicide ideation questionnaire, 31 students had a high suicide ideation score and 261 patients had a low suicide ideation score. Demographic variables that showed significant differences between the two groups were gender, exercise, chronotype, sleep quality, depression and anxiety. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that suicidal ideation increased as the level of sleep quality decreased. There was no significant relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. Another multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality sleep related factors. This suggested the quality of sleep decreased as weekend oversleep increased. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that when anxiety was higher and the quality of sleep was lower, the more suicide ideation increased. Therefore, improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety are important strategies for reducing suicidal ideation.
Anxiety*
;
Cause of Death
;
Depression
;
Humans
;
Linear Models
;
Suicidal Ideation*
;
Suicide
;
Young Adult
10.Development and Validation of the Patient Mood Chart.
Boseok CHA ; Jung Eun CHOI ; Jae Seung CHANG ; Jeong Hyun KIM ; Tae Hyon HA ; Hee Jeong YOO ; Sung Won CHOI ; Kyooseob HA
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2009;48(3):174-181
OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to report the developmental process of the patient mood chart (named the Patient Mood Chart, PMC), and to test its validity and utility. METHODS : One hundred twenty nine subjects with bipolar disorder, as diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria, completed the PMC. A trained clinician administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Montgomery A sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).Mood ratings on the PMC were compared with clinician-rated measures taken at initial visits and 6- month follow-ups. To examine the utility of the PMC, a patient questionnaire-type survey was done. RESULTS : Depressive symptom ratings on the PMC were highly correlated with the HAMD, MADRS and IDS scores. Manic symptom ratings on the PMC were correlated with the YMRS scores. Similarly, a strong correlation was found between mood chart scores and the GAF scores. Most patients considered the PMC to be useful and helpful. CONCLUSION : These findings support the validity and utility of the PMC. The PMC can be used for prospective assessment of symptom changes, treatment response, and long-term course for subjects with bipolar disorder
Bipolar Disorder
;
Depression
;
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans