OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to develop dietary change program items that could be used to improve dietary life of the elderly and investigate their validity. METHODS: The survey was were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 21) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, χ² test, One-way ANOVA and Friedman test were used to determine the priority. RESULTS: Programs for feeding senior citizens that need to be newly established are largely divided into two fields, namely, application of welfare facilities and application of home care, classified into large, medium and sub-classes. The large class was divided into nutrition management, sanitary control, and other health management. The medium class of nutrition management was divided into nutrition education, nutrition intervention, and menu management and supply. The sub-class was composed of division into application of welfare facilities for the elderly and application of home care for the same age group. Responses showed high rate saying that all the categorized items were necessary and valid. With respect to expectation effect on a community program for old people feeding, ‘yes’ was 65 people (55.6%) showing very high expectation toward the question whether a community program for old people feeding are newly set up. CONCLUSIONS: It is believed that nutrition for the aged will be improved and it will be a help not only to a small facilities without obligation of employing a dietician but also to the aged at home if a community program for old people feeding are newly established.
Aged ; Education ; Feasibility Studies* ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Nutritionists ; Program Development*

The purpose of this study was to develop prototype of virtual reality(VR) simulation with malocclusion models and evaluate its applicability. Task abilities, task completion time, and a satisfaction survey were compared between dentist trainees and dental students.
Participants were instructed to observe virtual malocclusion models and then performed three tasks to diagnose the type of malocclusion, determine clinical findings and develop treatment plans. Their satisfaction with the simulation experience were evaluated using a questionnaire containing five questions.
Task abilities of trainees related to clinical features and treatment plans were significantly higher than that of students(p < 0.01). In both groups, the task completion time for the second case was significantly reduced compared to that for the first case(p < 0.01). The satisfaction survey showed high scores and positive responses for this simulation in both groups. If the prototype of VR simulation is continuously advanced, it will be applicable for orthodontic education in pediatric dentistry.

This study was undertaken to optimize preparation of sweet rice muffins using lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seed powder. The experimental conditions used in the preparation included lotus seed powder (X1) and soybean oil (X2). The muffin formulation was optimized using rheology. Lightness (P＜0.01) displayed a quadratic model pattern, whereas yellowness (P＜0.01) and redness (P＜0.05) was presented a linear model. Texture properties significantly differed in cohesiveness (P＜0.05). Evaluating the sensory characteristics of muffins, except for flavor and texture, the remaining properties of color (P＜0.01), taste, overall quality, and appearance (P＜0.05) were found to be significantly different. The overall quality was also affected by the proportion of lotus seed powder, rather than the amount of soybean oil. The optimal ratio for palatability of muffins was determined to be 47.80 g lotus seed powder and 95.28 g soybean oil. Taken together, our results indicate that sweet rice muffins prepared using lotus seed powder are sufficiently competitive in terms of function and quality.

OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms among university students are a major mental-health issue worldwide, and university students are particularly vulnerable to various stressors that can produce depression. Therefore, accurate and sustainable assessment of depressive symptoms among university students is of special importance. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one such measure. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 among Korean university students.METHODS: A total sample of 582 university students attending a four-year private university in South Korea was recruited for the study. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to compare the goodness-of-fit of four competing models suggested by extant literature on the PHQ-9. Convergent validity was assessed using a correlation analysis between the PHQ-9 and other psychiatric instruments, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7).RESULTS: A one-factor structure of the PHQ-9 provided the best fit to the data. Internal consistency was adequate. The PHQ-9 demonstrated good convergent validity with related constructs.CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 proved to be adequate, with a robust and interpretable factor structure and good internal consistency. The PHQ-9’s validity, reliability, brevity and ease of administration make it a useful screening instrument for depression among university students in Korea.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Psychometrics

Primary immune deficiencies (PID), or more recently, inborn errors of immunity (IEI), resulting from genetic defects of the immune system may present with increased susceptibility to infections, persistent inflammation, and autoimmunity. With recent introduction of next generation sequencing, the number of IEIs increases rapidly, reaching to 484 in 2022. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used over decades as a mainstay of specific treatment modality, while gene therapy and pharmacologic approach have been attempted with promising results in some PID in recent years. The survival following allogeneic HSCT for PID is now generally ＞80%. The indication and timing of transplant must be individualized not only on the basis of the specific PID but also on the characteristics of the individual patient. For the successful transplant outcome, the choice of donor and the optimal pretransplant conditioning regimen is important. This article will discuss current status and recommendations from specialists in HSCT for some representative PID, including severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), CD40 ligand or CD40 deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and chronic granulomatous disease, along with our personal experience of PID treatment in Korea.

Objective: We aimed to classify subgroups of suicidality among adolescents and identify the influencing factors of the classification of these latent classes. Methods: Suicidal thought, plans, and attempts as well as the feelings of sadness/hopelessness and loneliness were utilized as indicators to derive the suicidality classes. Additionally, health behaviors, such as dietary habits, physical activity, experiences of violence victimization, sexual activity, and deviant behavior, along with demographic factors, such as sex, school year, grades, and household income, were considered as influencing factors. The analysis utilized data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey (2022) conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, involving 51,850 middle and high school students. Results: The findings revealed three latent classes of suicidality among adolescents: “active suicidality,” “passive suicidality,” and “non-suicidality.” The influencing factor analysis indicated that all factors, with the exception of high-intensity physical activities, significantly influenced the classification of latent classes of suicidality. Notably, walking exercise and the frequency of exercise during physical education class were found to be factors that differentiated between active and passive suicidality within the suicidality classes. Conclusion This study employed nationwide data to identify the exhibited suicidality classes among adolescents and tested the influencing factors necessary for predicting such classes. The study’s findings offer valuable insights for policy development in suicide prevention and suggest the need for developing customized interventions tailored to each identified class.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions of different amounts of Jinuni beans and fresh cream for the preparation of Jinuni bean chocolate. An experiment was designed using the central composite design of the response surface, which required 10 experimental treatments including 2 replicates for the Jinuni bean and fresh cream. The compositional and functional properties of the treatments were measured and these values were applied to the mathematical model. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the mixture products. The color value L (Lightness) decreased with an increase in the amount of added Jinuni bean but the color value a (redness) and color value b (yellowness) did not change. In addition, the hardness value increased with the addition of the Jinuni bean. The results of the sensory evaluation showed very significant differences in the values of the texture (p< 0.01), taste (p<0.05), and overall quality (p<0.01). As a result, the optimum formulations as determined by the numerical and graphical methods were 27.98 g of Jinuni bean and 67.0 g of fresh cream.
Cacao ; Fabaceae ; Hardness ; Models, Theoretical

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking status among adult workers, and current status of sugar intake. METHODS: The survey included 500 men working in Gyeonggi-do from October to November in 2016. Questionnaire items covered their age, working status, smoking status, eating habits, eating behaviors, snack consumption status, habits and behaviors related to sugar intake. All data were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, χ² test, One-way ANOVA and Scheffe test were used for post-hoc test. RESULTS: The study results showed that eating habits and behaviors of non-smokers were better than those of smokers. The frequency of daily snack consumption was the highest in smokers compared to and non-smokers. The smokers' favorite taste after smoking was ‘Sweet’. The average score of sugar-related nutrition knowledge was higher in non-smokers compared to smokers. Non-smokers had better recognition of ‘sugar reduction’, and smokers were more likely to eat sweet foods, respectively. On the other hand, non-smokers could observe that they were trying to control themselves for health reasons. According to the results of the study, non-smokers showed better eating habits and dietary habits and consumed less sugar. Also, it was found that non-smokers tried to drink more water than beverages and refrain from eating sweets to reduce their sugar intake. Further, the most of the bread, coffee and beverages were also consumed at a lower frequency by non-smokers compared to smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study results showed that smoking and sugar consumption were closely related. Therefore, adult workers should actively promote and learn so that they can maintain healthy and suitable dietary habits through reduction of sugar consumption.
Adult* ; Beverages ; Bread ; Coffee ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Habits ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Snacks ; Water

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces the activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kappaB) and cytokine expression in gastric epithelial cells. The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/Stat) cascade is the inflammatory signaling in various cells. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether H. pylori-induced activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) are mediated by the activation of Jak1/Stat3 in gastric epithelial (AGS) cells. Thus, gastric epithelial AGS cells were infected with H. pylori in Korean isolates (HP99) at bacterium/cell ratio of 300:1, and the level of IL-8 in the medium was determined by enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay. Phospho-specific and total forms of Jak1/Stat3 and IkappaBalpha were assessed by Western blot analysis, and NF-kappaB activation was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results showed that H. pylori induced the activation of Jak1/Stat3 and IL-8 production, which was inhibited by a Jak/Stat3 specific inhibitor AG490 in AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner. H. pylori-induced activation of NF-kappaB, determined by phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB-DNA binding activity, were inhibited by AG490. In conclusion, Jak1/Stat3 activation may mediate the activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of IL-8 in H. pylori-infected AGS cells. Inhibition of Jak1/Stat3 may be beneficial for the treatment of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation, since the activation of NF-kappaB is inhibited and inflammatory cytokine expression is suppressed.
Blotting, Western ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa/drug effects/*immunology/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/*immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Helicobacter Infections/immunology/*metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/genetics/*metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; NF-kappa B/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction/genetics