1.Role of potassium channels in female reproductive system
Jun-Mo KIM ; Ki-Sung SONG ; Boqun XU ; Tong WANG
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2020;63(5):565-576
Potassium channels are widely expressed in most types of cells in living organisms and regulate the functions of a variety of organs, including kidneys, neurons, cardiovascular organs, and pancreas among others. However, the functional roles of potassium channels in the reproductive system is less understood. This mini-review provides information about the localization and functions of potassium channels in the female reproductive system. Five types of potassium channels, which include inward-rectifying (Kir), voltage-gated (Kv), calcium-activated (KCa), 2-pore domain (K2P), and rapidly-gating sodium-activated (Slo) potassium channels are expressed in the hypothalamus, ovaries, and uterus. Their functions include the regulation of hormone release and feedback by Kir6.1 and Kir6.2, which are expressed in the luteal granulosa cells and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons respectively, and regulate the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis and the production of progesterone. Both channels are regulated by subtypes of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), Kir6.1/SUR2B and Kir6.2/SUR1. Kv and Slo2.1 affect the transition from uterine quiescence in late pregnancy to the state of strong myometrial contractions in labor. Intermediate- and small-conductance KCa modulate the vasodilatation of the placental chorionic plate resistance arteries via the secretion of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. Treatment with specific channel activators and inhibitors provides information relevant for clinical use that could help alter the functions of the female reproductive system.
2.Role of potassium channels in female reproductive system
Jun-Mo KIM ; Ki-Sung SONG ; Boqun XU ; Tong WANG
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2020;63(5):565-576
Potassium channels are widely expressed in most types of cells in living organisms and regulate the functions of a variety of organs, including kidneys, neurons, cardiovascular organs, and pancreas among others. However, the functional roles of potassium channels in the reproductive system is less understood. This mini-review provides information about the localization and functions of potassium channels in the female reproductive system. Five types of potassium channels, which include inward-rectifying (Kir), voltage-gated (Kv), calcium-activated (KCa), 2-pore domain (K2P), and rapidly-gating sodium-activated (Slo) potassium channels are expressed in the hypothalamus, ovaries, and uterus. Their functions include the regulation of hormone release and feedback by Kir6.1 and Kir6.2, which are expressed in the luteal granulosa cells and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons respectively, and regulate the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis and the production of progesterone. Both channels are regulated by subtypes of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), Kir6.1/SUR2B and Kir6.2/SUR1. Kv and Slo2.1 affect the transition from uterine quiescence in late pregnancy to the state of strong myometrial contractions in labor. Intermediate- and small-conductance KCa modulate the vasodilatation of the placental chorionic plate resistance arteries via the secretion of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. Treatment with specific channel activators and inhibitors provides information relevant for clinical use that could help alter the functions of the female reproductive system.
3.The application value of endoscopic ultrasonography examination before esophageal achalasia treated by peroral endoscopic myotomy
Yunshi ZHONG ; Liang LI ; Pinghong ZHOU ; Lili MA ; Qiang SHI ; Meidong XU ; Zhong REN ; Boqun ZHU ; Jingzheng LIU ; Liqing YAO
Chinese Journal of Digestion 2012;32(11):727-730
Objective To explore the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examination before esophageal achalasia (EA) patients treated by peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).Methods From August 2011 to November 2011,esophageal EUS examination was conducted in 34 EA patients scheduled for POEM treatment (EA group) and 30 cases accepted gastric EUS examination (control group) at endoscopic center,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University.The thickness of muscularis propria layer and the circular muscle layer was measured at cardia,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above cardia,and the proportion of circular muscle layer was calculated.The differences in groups and between groups were compared.The correlation between muscle thickness and complication after POEM treatment was analyzed.The data were analyzed by t test.Results There was no difference between EA group and control group in the thickness of the muscularis propria layer at same part (at cardia,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above cardia,t=1.210,1.116,0 and 0.292respectively; all P>0.05 respectively).The thickness of the circular muscle layer of EA group at cardia,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above cardia was (1.72±0.49) mm,(1.86±0.81) mm,(1.56±0.47) mm and (1.41±0.48) mm respectively,those of control group was (1.06±0.50) mm,(1.40±0.33) mm,(1.05±0.37) mm and (0.78±0.12) mm respectively.At same part,the thickness of the circular muscle layer of EA group was significantly thicker than that of the control group (t =5.326,2.903,4.778 and 6.993 respectively,all P<0.05).After POEM treatment,complication was high in EA cases with the thickness of muscularis propria layer less than 2 mm.Conclusion Before POEM treatment,EUS examination for EA patients has certain guiding significance.
4. A preliminary study of endoscopic trans-gastric gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy for cholecystolithiasis (with video)
Xiaoyue XU ; Mingyan CAI ; Xianli CAI ; Ping WANG ; Quanlin LI ; Boqun ZHU ; Wenzheng QIN ; Weifeng CHEN ; Yiqun ZHANG ; Yunshi ZHONG ; Liqing YAO ; Pinghong ZHOU
Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2019;36(12):886-890
Objective:
To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic trans-gastric gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy (ETGC) for gallstones.
Methods:
The clinical data of 84 cholecystolithiasis patients, who received ETGC at Endoscopic Center of Zhongshan Hospital from March 2017 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The operation completion rate, operation time, complications and recurrence of calculus were summarized.
Results:
In the 84 cases of cholecystolithiasis, there were 19 cases (22.6%) of single stone, 53 cases (63.1%) of multiple stones, and 12 cases (14.3%) of gallstones with gallbladder polyps. A total of 82 patients (97.6%) successfully completed ETGC with median operation time of 88 min. Ten patients (12.2%) suffered from abdominal pain after operation, of which 6 patients relieved after conservative treatments. The other 4 cases, including 2 cases of hemoperitoneum, 1 case of biliary fistula, and 1 case of choledocholithiasis with obstructive jaundice, were recovered after corresponding interventions. As of June 14, 2019, 5 cases were lost to follow-up (follow-up rate was 93.9%, 77/82). Residual stones were found in 2 cases (2.6%, 2/77). Stone recurrence was discovered in 4 cases (5.2%, 4/7), and 2 cases (2.6%, 2/77) had cholesterol crystallization in gallbladder.
Conclusion
ETGC is minimally invasive, feasible and safe in treatment of cholecystolithiasis, and can retain the function of gallbladder. However, how to completely remove the stones and avoid residue by ETGC still needs further exploration, and its long-term efficacy still needs further observation.
5.Feasibility and safety of endoscopic trans-gastric cholecystolithotomy combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis (with video)
Liang ZHU ; Mingyan CAI ; Xiaoyue XU ; Xianli CAI ; Ping WANG ; Quanlin LI ; Boqun ZHU ; Wenzheng QIN ; Weifeng CHEN ; Yiqun ZHANG ; Yunshi ZHONG ; Liqing YAO ; Pinghong ZHOU
Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2021;38(11):912-916
To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic trans-gastric cholecystolithotomy(ETGC) combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis. Data of patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis who underwent ETGC after ERCP in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from November 2018 to April 2019 were analyzed. Six patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis, 4 males and 2 females, were included in this study.The interval between ERCP and ETGC ranged from 1 to 77 days (median 5 days). All the 6 patients successfully completed ETGC after ERCP, with a surgical success rate of 100%. All the patients had multiple cholecystolithiasis and one patient was complicated with gallbladder polyps.The ETGC operation time was 22-100 min (median 65 min), and the length of hospital stay was 3-9 d (median 6.5 d). Two patients had dull pain in the upper abdomen and increased body temperature after surgery. Abdominal ultrasound in one patient suggested local effusion in the right upper abdomen.Both patients improved after conservative treatment.None of the patients had cholecystitis and cholangitis related symptoms such as right upper abdominal pain or fever during postoperative follow-up, and the follow-up rate was 100%with median follow-up time of 18 month.All the 6 patients underwent abdominal ultrasound examination after surgery. No recurrence occurred in 5 patients. One of the patients showed cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder wall and bile mud deposition.ETGC combined with ERCP is safe and feasible for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis.
6.Screening of ferroptosis genes related to the prognosis of cervical cancer and construction of a prognostic model
Yue CHEN ; Wenxin CHEN ; Yi JIANG ; Dong ZHANG ; Boqun XU
Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025;32(2):259-267
Objective To screen ferroptosis genes related to the prognosis of cervical cancer and to construct a prognosis model. Methods Ferroptosis genes were obtained from FerrDb database, and cervical cancer related data were obtained from The Genome-Wide Association Study Catalog database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Transcriptome-Wide Association Study, colocalization analysis and differential expression analysis were conducted to screen out candidate ferroptosis genes; Gene Ontology functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on candidate genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to further screen out genes related to the prognosis of cervical cancer. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between genes and the overall survival of patients. The expression levels of genes in pan-cancer were analyzed through the TIMER database. Two prognostic models were conducted, Model 1 included age and tumor stage, while Model 2 incorporated age, tumor stage, and prognostic genes. The predictive capabilities of the two models were compared. Results A total of 91 candidate genes related to ferroptosis were obtained. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 15 genes were associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer. CA9, SCD, TFRC, QSOX1 and CDO1 were risk factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients (P<0.05), while PTPN6, ALOXE3, HELLS, IFNG, MIOX, ALOX12B, DUOX1, ALOX15, AQP3 and IDO1 were protective factors (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of the 15 genes showed significant upregulation or downregulation in at least 7 types of cancers, among which TFRC was associated with the largest number of cancer types. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HELLS, DUOX1 and ALOXE3 were associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. The AUC of the model 1 for predicting 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates of cervical cancer patients was 0.455 and 0.478, and the AUC of Model 2 was 0.854 and 0.595. Model 2 (C-index = 0.727) had better predictive ability than Model 1 (C-index = 0.502). Conclusion The prognostic model composed of 15 prognostic-related genes selected based on bioinformatics has better predictive performance for the survival outcomes of cervical cancer patients, providing important reference value for the prognostic assessment of cervical cancer patients.