0.05). Conclusion: The domestic enflurane's solubilities in different solutions and stability in soda lime is same as the imported enflurane's.

Objective To investigate the effect of CaMK Ⅱ expression on apoptosis of rat hepatocytes BRL-3A.Methods Rat BRL-3A cells were stable passage were cultured.The CaMK Ⅱ γ protein (LV-CaMK Ⅱ γ group) and CaMK Ⅱ γshRNA (shRNA group) lentiviral expression systems were constructed.The corresponding blank vectors (LV-NC group and shRNA-NC group) and normal saline (CON group) were perfused into the control groups.The expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ,Cyt C and MF proteins were detected by Western blotting,and the apoptosis rate of BRL-3A cells was measured by Tunel method.Results The protein expression of CaMK Ⅱ,Cyt C and AIF in LV-CaMK Ⅱ γ group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P＜0.05).The protein expression of CaMK Ⅱ,Cyt C and AIF in shRNA group was significantly lower than that in CON group (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference among CON group,LV-NC group and shRNA-NC group (P＞0.05).At the same time point,the apoptosis rate of hepatocytes in LV-CaMK Ⅱ γ group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P＜0.05).At the same time point,the apoptosis rate of hepatocytes in shRNA group was significantly higher than in CON group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the apoptosis of hepatocytes among CON group,LV-NC group and shRNA-NC group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The specific CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway can inhibit the apoptosis of BRL-3A cells,while the enhanced CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway promotes the apoptosis of BRL-3A cells.

This is a review of the progress in the study on auditory event-related potentials (ERP) of novel events. Several cognitive problems about the novelty ERP response on brain and the experiment methods are introduced. The mismatch negative potential (MMN) reflects the detection of deviant events, and MMN is related with the novelty P3. Familiarity and attention influence the novelty ERP response. Experiments results showed that the amplitude of ERPs in the frontal area was reduced with the enhancement of familiarity, while that in the parietal area had little change. Attention was helpful in increasing the amplitude of ERPs, and could make the corresponding brain area active. The functional significance of the response of ERP was discussed also.
Auditory Perception ; physiology ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Environment ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; physiology ; Humans

Objective: To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia in the residents aged 40 years and over in the rural areas of Liaoning Province,so as to provide basis for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: From September 2017 to May 2018,by stratified cluster random sampling method,the residents aged 40 years or above from 19 villages in Liaoning Province were selected. Demographic features,height,weight,blood pressure and lipid level were collected. A logistic regression model was applied to explore the influencing factors for dyslipidemia. Results: A total of 10 926 residents were recruited,with an average age of （59.97±10.08）years. The crude and standardized prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 30.96% and 29.68%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women（OR=1.323,95%CI：1.189-1.473）,50-69 years old（OR：1.238-1.333,95%CI：1.075-1.523）,a high school education or below（OR：0.585-0.635,95%CI：0.439-0.842）,hypertension（OR=1.398,95%CI：1.273-1.534）,diabetes（OR=2.137,95%CI：1.918-2.381）,overweight or obesity（OR=2.101,95%CI：1.916-2.303）, meat-based meals（OR=1.306,95%CI：1.144-1.492）and vegetables intake less than 5 days a week（OR：1.169-1.387,95%CI：1.004-1.796） were associated with dyslipidemiais. Conclusions The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 30.96% in the rural residents aged 40 years and over in Liaoning Province. People who were females,who were 50-69 years old,and who suffered from hypertension,diabetes,overweight or obese,might take their lipid levels into consideration.

With the rapid and widespread popularity of minimally invasive surgery, lapa-roscopic technology has become an indispensable core skill for contemporary surgeons. Based on the innovation of artificial intelligence and medical engineering integration technology, simulative virtual surgical medicine has also been rapidly developed and applied, providing a novel and effective tool for laparoscopic training. The authors′ team has systematically integrated the laparoscopic simulative virtual technology and led in conducting the empirical research on the application of laparoscopic simulative virtual technology in the practical skills examination of specialist physicians. They also developed laparoscopic training theory and operational practice courses. Besides, they normalized the training and assessment of simulated virtual systems. Notably, they formulated Chinese laparoscopic training and assessment standards, and constructed a phased and progressive training system for laparoscopic surgeons. The authors review relevant literature and discuss the exploration and practice of laparoscopic simulation virtual system in surgical residents training, in order to promote the standardization, normalization and homogenization of laparoscopic training in China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of buccal fat pad flaps on the restoration of maxillary defects. Methods: Nineteen cases with oral-nasal communications and maxillary soft and hard tissue defects ranging from 3.0 cm×2.0 cm-5.0 cm×4.0 cm after resection of the primary tumor foci were repaired with a pedicled buccal fat pad flap, and the maxillary sinus cavity and oral-nasal communication were closed. The survival, healing and complications of the flap were observed during the 3-month follow-up. Results : The buccal fat pad flaps of 19 patients all survived. Five days after the operation, the buccal fat pad flap was dark red with slight edema, and the maxillary defect area collapsed. Ten days after the operation, most of the buccal fat pad flap turned pink, and the collapse was alleviated. One month after the operation, the buccal fat pad flap had no obvious collapse, and its surface was epithelialized, with a shape and color close to those of the normal mucosa. The opening was slightly limited. Three months after the operation, the buccal fat pad flap was completely epithelialized, with no difference from the surrounding tissue, and the opening was approximately 3 transverse fingers. No complications, such as swelling and necrosis of the buccal fat pad flap, limitation of mouth opening, maxillary sinus fistulas, oral-nasal communications and facial changes occurred in 19 patients within 3 months after the operation. Conclusion The application of a buccal fat pad flap has a good effect to repair maxillary tissue defects and close oral maxillary sinus communication with diameters less than 5 cm, so it can be widely used in the clinic.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2019 and analyze the impact of blood glucose control on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.Methods:A survey was conducted in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019 to collect the information about the prevalence of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the diabetes patients. The mortality of the enrolled subjects was investigated in September 2023. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between blood glucose control in the elderly with diabetes and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.Results:The crude prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years was 20.2% (2 014/9 958) in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019, and the standardized prevalence rate was 19.9%. The prevalence rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity in the diabetes patients were 77.0%, 51.7%, and 67.5% respectively. The median follow-up time was 5.5 years, and the all-cause mortality and CVD mortality rates in the diabetes patients were 244.3/10 000 person-years and 142.9/10 000 person-years, respectively. The results of the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that compared with non-diabetic individuals, diabetes patients had an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 1.68 times [hazard ratio ( HR)=1.68, 95% CI: 1.44-1.94] and an increased risk of CVD mortality by 1.56 times ( HR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.29-1.89). The differences in risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality between the diabetes patients with normal fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and people without diabetes were not significant (all P>0.05). The failure to meet either the FPG or HbA1c target increased the risk of all-cause mortality (all P<0.05). For individuals who failed to meet the HbA1c target, there was an increased risk of CVD mortality (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases was higher in the elderly with diabetes than in the elderly without diabetes in Liaoning. Elderly diabetes patients can benefit from good blood glucose control.